1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre del proyecto que financió la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

1.4 Declaración de la sostenibilidad de la Tecnología descrita

¿La Tecnología aquí descrita resulta problemática en relación a la degradación de la tierra, de tal forma que no puede considerársela una tecnología sostenible para el manejo de la tierra?

No

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Increasing the revenues of growers through the production of off-season tomatoes

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Tomato production in the off-season is restricted by the prevalence of insects and disease at that time. To mitigate these difficulties, it is important to find sustainable, non-polluting solutions that are accessible to producers. These solutions are: good tomato growing practices, the use of resilient and suitable tomato varieties, and biological control. Some varieties of off-season tomatoes have produced well and shown a certain resilience to diseases and other pests (nematodes and aphids). Growing tomatoes off season also means the market can be supplied when such produce is lacking.

The specific objectives of growing off-season tomatoes are: promoting market garden production during the off-season; reducing the scarcity of tomatoes in the off-season; increasing the revenues of growers. The average yield obtained from each crop is around 15,500 kilograms per ha, with yields peaking at 35,500 kilograms per ha in some places.

Implementation: 1) Select a site for the nursery that is near to a water source. Clean and turn the soil in the plot. The insects and weeds in the soil often pass on disease to young nursery plants. It is therefore necessary to disinfect the soil. Manure must be worked into the soil or compost prior to disinfection. In the week prior to treatment, the nursery soil must be kept sufficiently moist. Growers can disinfect their soil with fire, hot water, or chemical products. 2) The way a bed is prepared depends on the season. In the dry season, the nursery bed is sunk into the ground so that it holds water better. In the rainy season, the nursery bed is raised (mounded) to prevent waterlogging and promote good drainage once the rains have abated. 3) Seed requirement: Two to three grams for each 100-square-metre plot. Fresh market tomatoes: 300 grams per hectare. Industrial tomatoes: 400 grams per hectare. 4) Fertilisers are optional. During sowing, they can be applied in small quantities in soluble form. Alternatively, three kg of well-rotted manure can be applied per square metre. 5) Protecting plants: Combat leafminers and prevent damping off by applying authorised plant health products. Cover the nursery with a mosquito net until the seedlings are planted out. 6) Seedbeds are laid out in rows 15 to 20 centimetres apart. The seeds are sown along one-centimetre-deep furrows or simply scattered. Seed density should be 100 per linear metre, i.e. 500 per square metre. The seeds are then covered with earth or fine sand. The beds are covered with straw, which is removed as soon as the seedlings sprout. Duration of nursery stage: three to four weeks. 7) Healthy and strong plants with at least six proper leaves are planted out. The distance required between plants varies according to the season, growing conditions and varieties in question: 80 x 60 cm; 80 x 40 cm; 60 x 60 cm; 60 x 40 cm. When transplanting plants, compact the earth around the roots. Each plant must be carefully extracted along with the clump of earth its roots are embedded in. Dig a hole in the bed and insert the plant. Plants are planted in raised beds or mounds in the rainy season and in the beds or flat ploughed ground outside of the rainy season. Transplanting should be carried out at the end of the day, when it is cooler. Water plants immediately after planting them out. Whatever the growing season, it is best to cover young, freshly transplanted plants with a straw cover providing adequate shade. If some plants die, replace them with others held in the nursery. 8) How to prune tomato plants: Remove buds growing between the leaf and the stalk. Retain only one or two thick stalks with their leaves and their flowers. Pruning should be carried out once or twice a month. Prune tomato plants whose fruit will be used for industrial purposes or canned (determinate tomatoes may not be pruned). From time to time, remove suckers (a side shoot from an axillary bud) when weeding and hoeing. For fast-growing varieties, retain just one thick stalk. 9) The quantities of chemical fertiliser to apply vary as follows: 40 to 120 kilograms of nitrogen per ha, 30 to 90 kilograms of phosphate per ha, and 30 to 90 kilograms of potash per ha. Never spray fertilisers on young or wet plants as this will burn them. An alternative is 20 to 30 tonnes of organic fertiliser per ha 10) Plant care: Plants must be watered regularly (morning and evening), particularly during fruit formation. The water quantities are then reduced towards the end of the growing cycle. Weed and hoe regularly, especially in the early stages of planting. Stake the tomato cultivars before they begin forming fruit. This will stop the fruits touching the ground. Using mulch provides better quality fruit.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

Ongoing for three years

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Tierras cultivadas

• Cosecha anual

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 120; Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Tomato production in the off-season is restricted by the prevalence of insects and disease at that time, scarcity of tomatoes in the off-season

3.4 Provisión de agua

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• mixta de secano – irrigada

3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• manejo integrado de pestes y enfermedades (incl. agricultura orgánica)

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

medidas vegetativas

• V1: Cubierta de árboles y arbustos

Comentarios:

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

degradación biológica

• Bp: incremento de pestes/ enfermedades, pérdida de depredadores

Comentarios:

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (insects and diseases)

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• reducir la degradación del suelo

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

Especificaciones técnicas (relacionadas al dibujo técnico):

Raised bed (15 to 20 centimetres high). In the rainy season, the nursery bed is raised (mounded) to prevent waterlogging and promote good drainage once the rains have abated. In the dry season, the nursery bed is sunk into the ground so that it holds water better.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: low
Main technical functions: promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), use of resilient and suitable tomato varieties

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs

Autor:

DNA

4.3 Actividades de establecimiento

4.5 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Economic analysis of off-season tomato production from 2012 to 2013:
Total area sown with off-season tomato: 175 hectares
Quantity of off-season tomatoes grown: 4,300 tonnes
Price of tomatoes grown in season: 170 to 200 CFA francs per kilogram
Price of tomatoes grown off season: 600 to 800 CFA francs per kilogram
Each grower produces an average 650 kilograms on a succession plot, with some producing up to 1,400 kilograms. Produce from the plots has earned growers between 300,000 and 630,000 CFA francs (gross) over the winter season, with 75% of production sold at 600 CFA francs per kilogram.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

5.3 Suelos

5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua

5.5 Biodiversidad

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are very poor.

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Comentarios:

The irrigated land is allocated by the chief

5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Ingreso y costos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Suelo

Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales

6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)

Cambio climático gradual

Cambio climático gradual

Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima

Desastres climatológicos:

Desastres climatológicos

Desastres hidrológicos

Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima

Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

DNA (2012): Data sheet on growing off-season tomatoes

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

DNA (2013): Detailed report, West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP)