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Tecnologías

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Fertilizing and re-seeding degraded rangelands [Islandia]

Creación: 08/05/2015 18:52
Actualización: 14/06/2020 12:40
Compilador: Thorunn Petursdottir
Editor: –
Revisor: Jan Reichert

Hekluskogar area

technologies_1261 - Islandia

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1. Información general

2. Descripción de la Tecnología MST

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Rangeland restoration - Spreading small portions of inorganic fertilizer and seeds on degraded rangelands

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

The concerning rangelands are severely degraded and parts of them have even lost their topsoil layer entirely. Nevertheless, in many cases some remnant vegetation patches are still in place and can serve as seed banks during the restoration process. In order to stabilize the surface (i.e. to reduce the effects of freeze-thaw processes), provide nutrients to the system, increase water availability and facilitate the distribution of native species within the degraded areas, tractors are used to fertilize and reseed the areas with grass species that later in the process will retreat as soon as the dispersal of native species increases. All implementations are based on the methods and tools used in ecological restoration, aiming at re-activating environmental and ecological processes and increasing the resilience of the ecosystems undergoing restoration. Minimum portions of fertilizer and seed are distributed over pre-selected areas, preferably close to the remaining vegetation "islands" in order to facilitate seed production and dispersal and provide safe sites for seed germination.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose with the technology is to halt further land degradation and facilitate natural succession within the area undergoing restoration. In the long-term, it should substantially reduce wind and water erosion. It should also lead to increased biodiversity, enhanced water availability and accelerated carbon sequestration (in soil and vegetation). The overall restoration task is to increase the resilience of the ecosystems against natural hazards; such as volcanic activities.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: In the first year, the areas are treated with a mixture of chemical fertilizer that fits the local soil condition and grass seed that are proofed to survive under harsh condition. A mixture of approx 200 kg/ha of fertilizer and around 10 kg/ha of grass seed (usually a mixture of Poa and Festuca species) is spread over the treated area. The year after the area is treated again, this time with fertilizer only (approx 100-150 kg/ha). Then the area is usually treated biannually for 4 to 6 years, based on the vegetational succession rate.

Natural / human environment: In the long-term, the technology is expected to substantially increase biomass production, re-build soil qualities, accelerate carbon sequestration and secure water availability within the rangeland and the adjacent ecosystems. The areas still grazed are expected to be more suitable for livestock grazing and the protected areas are expected to be of more recreational and aesthetic value. Increased vegetation cover will reduce and even halt the sand drift that still creates challenges for inhabitants in adjacent villages, on farmsteads and within the summerhouse clusters, scattered around the area. As the degraded rangeland is in the vicinity of an active volcano (Mt Hekla) the technology is also expected to increase ecosystem resilience against natural hazards like ash and pumice drift and reduce potential offsite damages caused by these materials.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

Galería de medios

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

País:

Islandia

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Rangarthing Ytra

Especifique más el lugar :

Rangarvellir

Comentarios:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 900 km2.

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

hace más de 50 años atrás (tradicional)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

como parte de un sistema tradicional (> 50 años)
mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

by the Soil Conservation Service (governmental institute)

3. Clasificación de la Tecnología MST

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

mejorar la producción
reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo
preservar/ mejorar biodiversidad
reducir el riesgo de desastres naturales
mitigar cambio climático y sus impactos

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :

Sí

Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):

Silvo-pastoralismo

Tierra de pastoreo

Pastoreo extenso:

Pastoralismo semi-nómada

Tipo de animal:

caballos
ovejas

Productos y servicios:

carne
lana

Bosques

Productos y servicios:

Pastoreo/ ramoneo
Conservación/ Protección de la naturaleza
Recreación/ turismo
Protección contra desastres naturales

Tierra no productiva

Especifique:

Wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps