Geocoding of Million Fruit Trees for Monitoring and Tracking [Bután]
- Creación:
- Actualización:
- Compilador: Nima Dolma Tamang
- Editor: Haka Drukpa
- Revisores: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Not Applicable (NA)
technologies_6829 - Bután
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Expandir todo Colapsar todos1. Información general
1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología
Persona(s) de referencia clave
Agriculture Extension Officer:
Penjor Thuji
Geog Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) Center, Agriculture Office, Mewang Gewog, Thimphu Dzongkhag
Bután
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric (National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric) - Bután1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT
El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:
Sí
1.4 Declaración de la sostenibilidad de la Tecnología descrita
¿La Tecnología aquí descrita resulta problemática en relación a la degradación de la tierra, de tal forma que no puede considerársela una tecnología sostenible para el manejo de la tierra?
No
Comentarios:
The technology enables remote monitoring of the growth and development of fruit trees ensuring the sustainable use of land and its resources. Further, the technology aids in the success of the Million Fruit Tree Plantation Project reducing the risk of converting cultivable land to fallow.
2. Descripción de la Tecnología MST
2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología
Definición de la Tecnología:
Geocoding of fruit trees allows remote monitoring and progress tracking of the growth of seedlings. The Smart App MoDA (Mobile Operation and Data Acquisition) is used in geocoding.
2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología
Descripción:
Geocoding of the “million fruit trees” initiative has been carried out across Bhutan. Different fruit trees suitable for particular agroecological zones were planted in farmers' fields in twenty districts and each sapling was geocoded.
The main elements of geocoding fruit trees involve assigning unique geographical codes or coordinates to individual trees within an orchard, utilizing technical specifications and equipment such as handheld GPS to accurately determine the location. The potential benefits of this form of geocoding include:
1. Location Mapping: Geocoding allows fruit trees to be accurately located on a map, providing a visual representation of their spatial distribution. This mapping can help identify patterns, clusters, and gaps in tree distribution.
2. Data Integration: Geocoded data can be integrated with geographic information systems (GIS) and other data sources, such as climate data, soil information, and topography. This integration provides a holistic view of the factors influencing fruit tree growth and productivity.
3. Precision: Geocoding provides precise coordinates for each fruit tree, enhancing the accuracy of data collection and analysis. This precision is crucial for making informed decisions regarding tree management and resource allocation.
4. Monitoring and Management: Geocoded fruit tree data enables efficient monitoring of tree health, growth, and potential issues. It facilitates targeted interventions, such as irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, based on the specific needs of individual trees or clusters.
5. Yield Estimation: By combining geocoded data with relevant environmental and growth information, it's possible to estimate the potential fruit yield in specific areas. This information aids in resource planning and harvest predictions.
6. Disease and Pest Management: Geocoded data can help identify patterns of disease or pest infestations. Early detection through geocoded monitoring can enable prompt intervention and prevent the spread of pests or diseases.
7. Biodiversity Analysis: Geocoding allows researchers to study the diversity of fruit tree species in different regions. This analysis can be useful for conservation efforts and understanding the ecological impact of specific tree species.
8. Research and Analysis: Geocoded fruit tree data serves as a valuable resource for scientific research. Researchers can study the effects of climate change, urbanization, and land use changes on fruit tree populations and ecosystems.
9. Decision-Making: Geocoded data assists farmers, agricultural agencies, and policymakers in making informed decisions about land use, tree planting initiatives, and resource allocation for sustainable agriculture.
10. Community Engagement: Geocoded maps of fruit trees can be shared with communities, promoting awareness of local resources, fostering community engagement, and encouraging initiatives like urban orchards or community gardens.
11. Data Visualization: Geocoded data can be visualized using maps and spatial tools, making it easier to interpret and communicate information to various stakeholders.
12. Long-Term Tracking: Geocoded data allows for long-term tracking of changes in fruit tree populations, aiding in the assessment of the success of planting initiatives and the overall health of the environment.
The major activity of the technology is marking the fruit trees with the help of GPS so that these geocoordinates can be useful in tracking down the exact location of the plant. Geocoding is labour-intensive as the field workers need to be physically present in the field while carrying out the activity. Then the data recorded in GPS is transferred to the computer and analyzed using ArcGIS. This information is available to the policymakers and Agriculture officers and is shared with the Extension Agents through which it is disseminated to the land users.
2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología
Comentarios generales sobre las fotos:
The Photo does not directly depicts the technology described here.
2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación
País:
Bután
Región/ Estado/ Provincia:
Thimphu Dzongkhag
Especifique más el lugar :
Sigay Chiwog, Mewang Gewog
Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:
- aplicada en puntos específicos/ concentrada en un área pequeña
¿El/los sitio(s) de la Tecnología se ubica(n) en un área de protección permanente?
No
Comentarios:
The geocoding of fruits are in the land users field. Therefore, the area does not fall under any of the protected area or national parks.
Map
×2.6 Fecha de la implementación
Indique año de implementación:
2022
2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología
Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:
- mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas
Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):
The geocoding of the million fruit trees in the country was initiated as per the directives of His Majesty the 5th King of Bhutan where all the saplings are funded by the Royal Government of Bhutan. Plantation and geocoding were done by the Desuups (Desuup is the highest form of the voluntary act in Bhutan. They wear orange uniforms and are also known as the Guardians of Peace).
3. Clasificación de la Tecnología MST
3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST
- mejorar la producción
- reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo
- conservar el ecosistema
- crear impacto económico benéfico
- crear impacto social benéfico
3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología
Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :
Sí
Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):
- Agroforestería
Tierras cultivadas
- Cosecha anual
- Cultivos perennes (no leñosos)
Cosechas anuales - Especifique cultivos:
- cereales - arroz (tierras altas)
Sistema anual de cultivo:
arroz de humedal - trigo
- Apple
Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:
- 2
Especifique:
Paddy in summer is followed by winter wheat or vegetables
¿Se practica el intercultivo?
Sí
Si respondió que sí, especifique qué cultivos son intercultivados:
They intercrop vegetables with lugumes.
¿Se practica la rotación de cultivos?
Sí
Si fuera el caso, especifique :
The land used for paddy cultivation is used for planting vegetables such as potatoes.
3.3 ¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?
¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?
- No (Continúe con la pregunta 3.4)
3.4 Provisión de agua
Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:
- mixta de secano – irrigada
3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología
- agroforestería
- variedades vegetales/ razas animales mejoradas
3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología
medidas vegetativas
- V1: Cubierta de árboles y arbustos
Comentarios:
The technology aids in maintaining land cover by ensuring vegetative coverage of the land in which geocoding enhances easy management and improved health of the fruit trees such as apples, dragon fruit, banana, areca nut, kiwi, avocado and others.
3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología
erosión de suelos por agua
- Wt: pérdida de capa arable/ erosión de la superficie
- Wg: erosión en cárcavas
erosión de suelos por viento
- Et: pérdida de capa arable
degradación biológica
- Bc: reducción de la cobertura vegetal del suelo
3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo
Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:
- prevenir la degradación del suelo
- reducir la degradación del suelo
Comentarios:
Fruit tree plantations will potentially prevent land degradation in the long term by giving cover and strengthening soil structure by its roots.
4. Especificaciones técnicas, actividades de implementación, insumos y costos
4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología
Especificaciones técnicas (relacionadas al dibujo técnico):
The technical drawing represents the general method of million fruit tree plantation and geocoding done on each tree. It depicts how geocoding enables the researcher or farmer to remotely check the health of the trees using satellite data. ARDC stands for Agriculture Research and Development Center.
Autor:
Nima Dolma Tamang, Singye Dorji, Tshering Gyeltshen
Fecha:
07/07/2023
4.2 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos
Especifique cómo se calcularon los costos e insumos:
- por unidad de Tecnología
Especifique unidad:
No of Seedlings
Especifique las dimensiones de la unidad (si fuera relevante):
8000 seedlings (Only in Mewang Geog)
otra / moneda nacional (especifique):
Ngultrum (Bhutanese Currency)
Si fuera relevante, indique la tasa de cambio de dólares americanos a la moneda local (ej. 1 U$ = 79.9 Reales Brasileros): 1 U$ =:
82,62
Indique el costo promedio del salario de trabajo contratado por día:
800
4.3 Actividades de establecimiento
Actividad | Momento (estación) | |
---|---|---|
1. | Meeting between Gewog leaders and land users | NA |
2. | Identified a village for planation | NA |
3. | Identified households that wanted the seedings and number of seedlings | NA |
4. | Site identification | NA |
5. | Orchard layout | NA |
6. | Pit digging | NA |
7. | Plantation | March- April |
8. | Basin making | After planation |
9. | Geocoding | After one month of orchard establishment |
10. | Growth Tracking | After every six months |
Comentarios:
The above information is limited to only Mewang Gewog, Thimphu Dzongkhag.
4.4 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento
Especifique insumo | Unidad | Cantidad | Costos por unidad | Costos totales por insumo | % de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mano de obra | Desuup (Guardians of peace) - Volunteers | Person-days | 6,0 | |||
Mano de obra | Farmers | Person-days | 10,0 | 800,0 | 8000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Shovel | No. | 10,0 | 100,0 | ||
Equipo | crow-bar | No. | 5,0 | 100,0 | ||
Equipo | Spade | No. | 20,0 | 100,0 | ||
Equipo | GPS remote | No | 6,0 | 12000,0 | 72000,0 | |
Equipo | Tabs/ mobile phones | No. | 6,0 | 15000,0 | 90000,0 | |
Material para plantas | Apple | No. | 3500,0 | 70,0 | 245000,0 | |
Material para plantas | Walnut | No. | 1000,0 | 120,0 | 120000,0 | |
Material para plantas | Almond | No. | 500,0 | 120,0 | 60000,0 | |
Material para plantas | Peach | No. | 1000,0 | 70,0 | 70000,0 | |
Material para plantas | Pear | No. | 2000,0 | 70,0 | 140000,0 | |
Fertilizantes y biocidas | Manure and fertillizers | Metric Tonnes | 16,0 | 1600,0 | 25600,0 | 100,0 |
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología | 830600,0 | |||||
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología en USD | 10053,26 |
Si el usuario de la tierra no cubrió el 100% de los costos, indique quién financió el resto del costo:
Almost all the cost were covered by the Million Fruit Tree Project of Desuung National Service and Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock jointly.
Comentarios:
The total cost calculated is for planting and geocoding. The actual costs borne by land users are very minimal. The only cost the land users have to bear is labour cost and fertilizer cost. The high cost of the project is contributed mainly by seedling cost, GPS remote, tablets and mobile phones which was used during the marking position of fruit trees.
Cost for shovel spade and crowbar is not included as they are available at the farm and are reused.
4.5 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes
Actividad | Momento/ frequencia | |
---|---|---|
1. | Weeding | Twice a year |
2. | Fertillizer application | Twice a year |
3. | Irrigation | Once a week |
4. | Replacement of dead plants | After 6 months from plantation |
5. | Growth tracking | After every six month |
Comentarios:
The information obtained are through verbal communication with the Agriculture Extension Officer of Mewang Gewog.
4.6 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)
Especifique insumo | Unidad | Cantidad | Costos por unidad | Costos totales por insumo | % de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mano de obra | Weeding and fertilizer application | Per year | 4,0 | 1600,0 | 6400,0 | 100,0 |
Mano de obra | Irrigation | Litres | ||||
Mano de obra | Geocoding | per plant | 8000,0 | |||
Material para plantas | Replacement of plants | per plant | 10,0 | 70,0 | 700,0 | |
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología | 7100,0 | |||||
Costos totales para mantener la Tecnología en USD | 85,94 |
Comentarios:
The geocoding was done by the Desuung volunteers. so, the exact costs cannot be deduced.
4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
Most important factors affecting the costs are seedling and labour cost.
5. Entorno natural y humano
5.1 Clima
Lluvia anual
- < 250 mm
- 251-500 mm
- 501-750 mm
- 751-1,000 mm
- 1,001-1,500 mm
- 1,501-2,000 mm
- 2,001-3,000 mm
- 3,001-4,000 mm
- > 4,000 mm
Especifique el promedio anual de lluvia (si lo conoce), en mm:
2076,00
Especificaciones/ comentarios sobre la cantidad de lluvia:
The rainfall data for Mewang Gewog is not available. The provided data is for Thimphu Dzongkhag as Mewang Gewog is under Thimphu Dzongkhag (Gewog is one of the geographic units below Dzongkhag). Thimphu falls under a temperate region and experiences minimal rainfall compared to the other parts of Bhutan. Thimphu had the wettest month in July with 497 mm and experienced the least rainfall in December with 5 mm.
Indique el nombre de la estación metereológica de referencia considerada:
National Center for Hydrology and Metoerology, Thimphu.
Zona agroclimática
There are six Agro-ecological Zones (AEZ) in Bhutan and the current place of study falls under warm temperate zone which occurs between 1,800 – 2,500 m. Rainfall is low but the temperature is moderately warm in summer with frost in winter.
5.2 Topografía
Pendientes en promedio:
- plana (0-2 %)
- ligera (3-5%)
- moderada (6-10%)
- ondulada (11-15%)
- accidentada (16-30%)
- empinada (31-60%)
- muy empinada (>60%)
Formaciones telúricas:
- meseta/ planicies
- cordilleras
- laderas montañosas
- laderas de cerro
- pies de monte
- fondo del valle
Zona altitudinal:
- 0-100 m s.n.m.
- 101-500 m s.n.m.
- 501-1,000 m s.n.m
- 1,001-1,500 m s.n.m
- 1,501-2,000 m s.n.m
- 2,001-2,500 m s.n.m
- 2,501-3,000 m s.n.m
- 3,001-4,000 m s.n.m
- > 4,000 m s.n.m
Indique si la Tecnología se aplica específicamente en:
- situaciones convexas
Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :
The area was characterized by a steep valley near the river with minimal slope as the valley widened.
5.3 Suelos
Profundidad promedio del suelo:
- muy superficial (0-20 cm)
- superficial (21-50 cm)
- moderadamente profunda (51-80 cm)
- profunda (81-120 cm)
- muy profunda (>120 cm)
Textura del suelo (capa arable):
- mediana (limosa)
Textura del suelo (> 20 cm debajo de la superficie):
- mediana (limosa)
Materia orgánica de capa arable:
- media (1-3%)
5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua
Disponibilidad de aguas superficiales:
mediana
Calidad de agua (sin tratar):
solo para uso agrícola (irrigación)
La calidad de agua se refiere a:
agua superficial
¿La salinidad del agua es un problema?
No
¿Se está llevando a cabo la inundación del área? :
No
Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre calidad y cantidad de agua:
The availability of water in Mewang Gewog was a concern since a decade ago. Irrigation water was not enough for every farmers which resulted in delayed paddy plantation.
5.5 Biodiversidad
Diversidad de especies:
- baja
Diversidad de hábitats:
- mediana
Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre biodiversidad:
The species of flora and fauna diversity cannot be quantified under "high" as per the field observation. The area was surrounded by coniferous forest which generally has low biodiversity.
5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología
Sedentario o nómada:
- Sedentario
Orientación del mercado del sistema de producción:
- mixta (subsistencia/ comercial)
Ingresos no agrarios:
- 10-50% de todo el ingreso
Nivel relativo de riqueza:
- promedio
Individuos o grupos:
- individual/ doméstico
Nivel de mecanización:
- mecanizado/motorizado
Género:
- mujeres
Edad de los usuarios de la tierra:
- personas de mediana edad
Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:
The majority of the land users who were part of the Geocoding of million fruit plantation had already established apple orchards.
5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología
- < 0.5 ha
- 0.5-1 ha
- 1-2 ha
- 2-5 ha
- 5-15 ha
- 15-50 ha
- 50-100 ha
- 100-500 ha
- 500-1,000 ha
- 1,000-10,000 ha
- > 10,000 ha
¿Esto se considera de pequeña, mediana o gran escala (refiriéndose al contexto local)?
- escala mediana
Comentarios:
An average land holding capacity for Bhutanese household as per the Land Act is 3 acres. The land holding that exceeds 3 acres are categorized in large scale in Bhutanese context.
5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua
Tenencia de tierra:
- individual, con título
Derechos de uso de tierra:
- arrendamiento
- individual
Derechos de uso de agua:
- comunitarios (organizado)
¿Los derechos del uso de la tierra se basan en un sistema legal tradicional?
Sí
5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura
salud:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
educación:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
asistencia técnica:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
empleo (ej. fuera de la granja):
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
mercados:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
energía:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
caminos y transporte:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
agua potable y saneamiento:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
servicios financieros:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
Internet:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
Comentarios:
The drinking water is insufficient as some households face scarcity of drinking water.
6. Impactos y comentarios para concluir
6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología
Impactos socioeconómicos
Producción
producción de cultivo
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology aids in the monitoring and improves health and ease management of the already established orchard. Therefore, it indirectly increases crop production.
calidad de cultivo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Remote or constant monitoring ensures timely management to prevent biotic and abiotic factors deteriorate the crop quality.
producción de forraje
calidad de forraje
riesgo de fracaso de producción
Comentarios/ especifique:
Geocoding enables land user to determine potential risk so that the land user can use appropriate methods to prevent crop failure.
diversidad de producto
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology is not directly related to the product diversity. However, it provides data on existing fruit tree diversity so that the land user can plan and plant different fruit trees based on the market need which indirectly increases diversity.
área de producción
Comentarios/ especifique:
Geocoding enables the land user to remotely view the cropped area and the area where the crop failed (could be due to dying of the seedlings/diseased). It enables the land user to narrow their focus on the specific area, learn about the issues causing the crop loss, provide appropriate management, and conduct plantation in that area which indirectly increases production area.
Disponibilidad y calidad de agua
disponibilidad de agua para irrigar
Comentarios/ especifique:
Due to increased production area with no increase in the quantity of irrigation water, water availability is likely to reduce.
demanda de agua para irrigar
Comentarios/ especifique:
There is increased demand for irrigation water for new plantations. However, with the use of technology land users can monitor the water requirement and use efficiently based on the need of the tree whereby the land users can avoid watering the trees that require less water and provide to those that require more water.
Ingreso y costos
gastos en insumos agrícolas
Comentarios/ especifique:
Minimal increase in expenses on agriculture inputs as planting materials (except manure) were provided to the land users for free of cost.
ingreso agrario
Comentarios/ especifique:
Once the fruit trees starts bearing fruits, income is expected to increase.
diversidad de fuentes de ingreso
Comentarios/ especifique:
It adds to farmers sources of income other than vegetable and dairy product sale.
disparidades económicas
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology is expected to reduce economic disparity by providing equal opportunity for the land users to generate income.
carga de trabajo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Workload for the project implementors or land users are significantly reduced as they need not go to the actual site to determine the progress of the Million Fruit Trees Plantation Project.
Impactos socioculturales
seguridad alimentaria/ autosuficiencia
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology indirectly aids in the increased production making an individual land user and the nation self-sufficient in fruits.
oportunidades recreativas
Comentarios/ especifique:
With reduced workload, land users can engage in recreational activities.
MST/ conocimiento de la degradación del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology will enable the project implementors to determine specific knowledge gaps and provide training in that particular field to the land users. Improving knowledge of both project implementors and land users.
situación de grupos en desventaja social y económica
Comentarios/ especifique:
Land users willing to be involved in fruit tree plantation are supported without discrimination of their social status or economic background and geocoding services are provided. This leads to the improved situation of socially and economically disadvantaged groups.
Impactos ecológicos
Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento
cantidad de agua
Comentarios/ especifique:
The total water quantity remains same. However, the available water per tree or sapling is reduced.
escurrimiento superficial
Comentarios/ especifique:
Due to the absorption of water by the roots of the fruit trees, surface run-off is decreased.
evaporación
Comentarios/ especifique:
Evaporation will be decreased due to an increase in the vegetation cover from the plantation of the fruit trees.
Suelo
humedad del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Slight increase in the soil moisture in long run due to addition of soil organic matter and monitored irrigation.
cubierta del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology enhances easy monitoring of the trees and encourages increased soil cover.
pérdida de suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology enhances soil cover reducing the soil loss from erosion.
ciclo/ recarga de nutrientes
Comentarios/ especifique:
Geocoding enables the land user to have overview of the nutrient content of the production area aiding land users to add nutrient based on the need.
materia orgánica debajo del suelo C
Comentarios/ especifique:
Generally, there will be an increase in the soil organic matter due to an increase in production area and management practice such as the addition of manures by the land user.
Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales
Cubierta vegetal
Comentarios/ especifique:
Increase due to the scheduled irrigation applied to the fruit trees.
biomasa/ sobre suelo C
Comentarios/ especifique:
Slight increase due to proper management and care provided to the orchard.
diversidad animal
Comentarios/ especifique:
Animal diversity in the case of pollinators such as bees increases as the fruit trees mature and start flowering.
especies benéficas
Comentarios/ especifique:
Beneficial species such as bees are attracted to the orchards.
control de pestes/ enfermedades
Comentarios/ especifique:
Pest and diseases control improves with the use of remote monitoring facilitated by this technology.
Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos
deslizamientos/ fluyos de escombros
Comentarios/ especifique:
Once the fruit trees establish themselves, landslides can be reduced significantly due to vegetation cover.
emisión de carbono y gases de invernadero
Comentarios/ especifique:
This technology could potentially reduce greenhouse gas as trees utilize carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
velocidad de viento
Comentarios/ especifique:
In the long run, a well-established orchard can act as a windbreak and reduce wind velocity and damage it poses to the property.
micro-clima
Comentarios/ especifique:
An orchard can act as a micro-climate harbouring many plants and insect species.
6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología
disponibilidad de agua
Comentarios/ especifique:
Fruit trees require irrigation which reduces the availability of water for other purposes.
impacto de gases de invernadero
Comentarios/ especifique:
Having a land cover with vegetation compared to barren land reduces greenhouse gases.
6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)
Cambio climático gradual
Cambio climático gradual
Estación | Incremento o reducción | ¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|---|---|
temperatura anual | incrementó | muy bien | |
temperatura estacional | verano | incrementó | muy bien |
lluvia anual | incrementó | muy bien | |
lluvia estacional | verano | disminuyó | muy bien |
Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima
Desastres climatológicos:
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
granizada local | muy bien |
Desastres biológicos
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
enfermedades epidémicas | muy bien |
Comentarios:
The technology copes very well with gradual climate change because it sends rapid messages to farmers on actions to take (e.g., concerning pests and diseases). In a way it’s a form of early warning systems (EWS).
6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
negativo
Ingresos a largo plazo:
positivo
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
neutral/ balanceado
Ingresos a largo plazo:
positivo
Comentarios:
Although the initial establishment of the orchard is costly considering the labour charge, it is expected to have positive income and impact once the fruit trees start bearing.
6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología
- > 50%
Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):
Total 8000 fruit trees are planted in the five Chiwogs (third level administrative division under Gewog) under Mewang Gewog.
De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, por ej. sin recibir nada de incentivos/ materiales:
- 0-10%
Comentarios:
Almost all those who adopted the technology are funded by the government.
6.6 Adaptación
¿La tecnología fue modificada recientemente para adaptarse a las condiciones cambiantes?
No
6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra |
---|
1. Precision Mapping: Geocoding allows for accurate mapping and identification of fruit trees. By assigning specific geographic coordinates to each tree, it becomes easier to locate and monitor individual trees or orchards. |
2. Efficient Resource Allocation: Geocoding helps optimize resource allocation by providing information on tree density and distribution. Land users can identify areas with high fruit tree concentrations and strategically allocate resources such as labour, water, fertilizers, and pesticides, leading to improved productivity and reduced costs. |
3. Data-driven Decision Making: Geocoded data on fruit trees can be analyzed to gain insights into their distribution patterns, growth rates, and health status. This information enables land users, researchers, and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding fruit tree cultivation, pest control, and disease management. |
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave |
---|
1. Conservation and Biodiversity Analysis: Geocoded fruit tree data aids in the conservation and analysis of biodiversity. By mapping the locations of different fruit tree species, experts can assess the distribution and abundance of specific varieties, identify endangered local or traditional landraces varieties, and develop strategies for their preservation. |
2. Targeted Marketing and Distribution: Geocoded fruit tree data facilitates targeted marketing and distribution strategies. By understanding the location of fruit trees and their yields, producers can identify potential markets and plan transportation logistics more effectively, minimizing waste and ensuring timely delivery to consumers. |
6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra | ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas? |
---|---|
Geocoding large numbers of fruit trees can be a time-consuming and resource-intensive task, particularly when manual processes are involved. It may require extensive fieldwork and manual data entry, making it impractical or costly for large-scale fruit tree inventories. | |
Privacy Concerns: Geocoding fruit trees raises privacy concerns, particularly when tree locations are associated with specific individuals or properties. Care must be taken to ensure that privacy is respected and sensitive information is appropriately handled | An updated and secured security-protected website can be used. |
Lack of knowledge of geocoding by the farmers. | Provide awareness trainings |
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave | ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas? |
---|---|
The higher expense of the geocoding in terms of labour cost for geo-coding | Train land users on geocoding, instead of using trained professionals. |
Difficult to constantly update information on time. |
7. Referencias y vínculos
7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información
- visitas de campo, encuestas de campo
The information documented was from the field visit to orchards near the RNR center.
- entrevistas con especialistas/ expertos en MST
The information collected are from first-hand interview with the Agriculture Extension Officer who was engaged fully during the implementation of the technology.
¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?
07/07/2023
7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles
Título, autor, año, ISBN:
De-suung National Service (DNS). (n.d.). Million Fruit Trees Plantation
¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?
https://desuung.org.bt/25978-2/#:~:text=In%20order%20to%20monitor%20the,from%20the%20date%20of%20plantation.
7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea
Título/ descripción:
Million Fruit Trees Plantation Initiative launched
URL:
http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=166763
Título/ descripción:
Kuensel. (2022). Million Fruit Trees Plantation Initiative launched. Thimphu.
URL:
Website: https://kuenselonline.com/414000-fruit-trees-planted-in-45-days/
Título/ descripción:
Geocoding of trees from street addresses and street-level images
URL:
https://www.fs.usda.gov/psw/publications/vandoorn/psw_2020_vandoorn001_laumer.pdf
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