Transforming a coconut monocrop into a multi-storey food forest [India]
- Creación:
- Actualización:
- Compilador: Praveena Sridhar
- Editores: Rushabh Desadla, Aditya Tated, Dhyana Balasubramanian, Vishwesh Singh, Lu Yu
- Revisores: William Critchley, Joana Eichenberger
Ottraipayir Thennai Sagubadi Muraiyai Pala Adukku Unavu Kaadaga Matruthal.
technologies_7366 - India
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Expandir todo Colapsar todos1. Información general
1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología
Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Nombre del proyecto que financió la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
Save Soil MovementNombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
Conscious Planet - Save Soil (Save Soil)1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT
El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:
Sí
1.4 Declaración de la sostenibilidad de la Tecnología descrita
¿La Tecnología aquí descrita resulta problemática en relación a la degradación de la tierra, de tal forma que no puede considerársela una tecnología sostenible para el manejo de la tierra?
No
1.5 Referencia al (los) Cuestionario(s) de Enfoques MST (documentados usando WOCAT)
Conscious Planet - Save Soil’s Farmer Training and … [India]
The approach focuses on supporting farmers to increase productivity by increasing soil biology and organic matter content, primarily through plant residue and animal waste. Awareness and advocacy are followed by training programs and support for adopting regenerative agricultural practices.
- Compilador: Praveena Sridhar
2. Descripción de la Tecnología MST
2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología
Definición de la Tecnología:
Transforming a monocrop coconut farm into a resilient food forest can sustainably enhance soil health, biodiversity and productivity while reducing labour and external input requirements. This demonstrates the potential to increase yields and provide long-term economic and ecological stability for farmers.
2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología
Descripción:
Transforming a monocrop coconut farm into a resilient food forest can sustainably enhance soil health, biodiversity, and productivity while reducing labour and external input requirements. This demonstrates the potential to increase yields and provide long-term economic and ecological stability for farmers. Experience was gained from implementation in 2008 on a monocrop coconut farm in Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. The stages were as follows:
1) Rainwater management: Trenches were dug throughout the farm to retain rainwater and prevent runoff, thus enhancing soil moisture. This was critical given the limited rainfall in the region. A drip irrigation system was installed for efficient watering.
2) Plant diversity: Various crops were introduced. Nutmeg, intercropped among coconut trees, provides 3 - 4 times the income of coconuts after 15 to 20 years. Timber trees extract micronutrients from deeper soil layers via deep tap roots: micronutrients are concentrated in the leaves which are used as mulch to enrich the soil nutrient profile. Banana and papaya provided early income, shade for plants, and added biomass. This diversity also ensures a steady income, reducing dependency on external markets.
3) Biomass and soil fertility improvement: Fast-growing crops were planted to generate additional biomass. Leaves were pruned and added to the water-retaining trenches as mulch. Nitrogen-fixing plants were cultivated extensively to improve soil fertility, eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers.
4) Mulch and bio-input application: Mulch in the trenches was decomposed by the bio-inputs from Cows (Earlier 2, now 1) applied via drip lines, which increased soil organic matter through enhanced microbial decomposition. The irrigation and sprinklers were used judiciously to achieve soil moisture rather than over-watering, as trees primarily needed stable moisture conditions.
5) Minimal maintenance approach: After establishing this system, the farm required minimal maintenance. There was no need for tilling, weeding, or other intensive practices, just monitoring of, and maintaining, moisture levels. This low-maintenance approach reduces farmers’ workloads and improves their quality of life.
6) Enhanced biodiversity and pest management: To further enhance biodiversity, flowering plants to attract pollinators and predatory insects can be planted along the farm's boundaries - though this was not done at this particular site. Nonetheless, the increased biodiversity already fostered here brought in earthworms, birds, and beneficial insects for natural pest management.
After 12 years of minimal maintenance, soil organic matter content increased from 0.5% to 3.36%, and both production quantity and quality increased. The farm retained high soil moisture despite periods of low rainfall. Land users liked the use of minimal inputs, crop diversification as a financial safety net, and the visible impact on soil health and yield, as well as the increase in land value. There was initial fear about time and money invested and doubts about the feasibility of a technology that challenged the status quo of the region. Digging trenches and planting saplings were physically demanding. The initial pest pressure was also a concern before a stable ecosystem was established. The transformation of this coconut monoculture into a diverse food forest has demonstrated a sustainable model of enhanced resilience, productivity, and biodiversity. This model can be replicated across similar regions to help minimize labor and improve farmers’ livelihoods while restoring land and ecosystems.
2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología
2.4 Videos de la Tecnología
Comentarios, descripción breve:
With a few simple interventions, soil that was infertile was brought back to life.
YouTube video link: https://youtu.be/Pt4AEXzgTfc?feature=shared
Fecha:
10/06/2022
Lugar:
Pollachi, Tamil Nadu
Nombre del videógrafo:
Save Soil Media team
2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación
País:
India
Región/ Estado/ Provincia:
Tamil Nadu
Especifique más el lugar :
Pollachi
Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:
- aplicada en puntos específicos/ concentrada en un área pequeña
¿El/los sitio(s) de la Tecnología se ubica(n) en un área de protección permanente?
No
Map
×2.6 Fecha de la implementación
Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:
- 10-50 años atrás
2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología
Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:
- mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas
Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):
The key contributions to the project's technical knowledge include Ethirajalu R (Technical Expert), Anand Ethirajal (Operations Lead), and Dr. Poonyamurti (Ethnoveterinary Medicines Expert). Their expertise, along with the valuable insights shared by Indian stalwarts like Nammalwar, Sripad Davolkar, and Subhash Palekar
3. Clasificación de la Tecnología MST
3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST
- mejorar la producción
- reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo
- preservar/ mejorar biodiversidad
- mitigar cambio climático y sus impactos
- crear impacto económico benéfico
3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología
Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :
Sí
Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):
- Agroforestería
Tierras cultivadas
- Cultivos perennes (no leñosos)
- Cosecha de árboles y arbustos
- Climbers : Pepper
Cultivos perennes (no maderables) - Especifique cultivos:
- banana/plátano/abacá
- plantas medicinales, aromáticas, plaguicidas perennes
- Curry Leaves, Lime, Turmeric, Papaya
Cultivos de matorrales y arbustos - Especifique cultivos:
- coco (fruto, coco, hojas, etc.)
- Nutmeg, Mahogany, Mountain Neem, Kino, Red Sandalwood, Blackwood, White Teak, Iron Wood
Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:
- 1
¿Se practica el intercultivo?
Sí
¿Se practica la rotación de cultivos?
No
3.3 ¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?
¿Cambió el uso de tierras debido a la implementación de la Tecnología?
- Sí (Por favor responda las preguntas de abajo referidas al uso de la tierra antes de implementar la Tecnología)
Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :
No
Tierras cultivadas
- Cosecha de árboles y arbustos
Cultivos de matorrales y arbustos - Especifique cultivos:
- coco (fruto, coco, hojas, etc.)
¿Se practica el intercultivo?
No
¿Se practica la rotación de cultivos?
No
3.4 Provisión de agua
Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:
- mixta de secano – irrigada
3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología
- agroforestería
- cobertura de suelo/ vegetal mejorada
- manejo integrado de la fertilidad del suelo
3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología
medidas agronómicas
- A1: vegetación/ cubierta del suelo
- A2: materia orgánica/ fertilidad del suelo
- A6: Manejo de residuos
A6: Especifique manejo de residuos:
A 6.4: retenido
medidas vegetativas
- V1: Cubierta de árboles y arbustos
medidas estructurales
- S2: Taludes, bancos
- S4: Acequias niveladas, fosas
- S6: Muros, barreras, vallas, cercas
- S7: Equipo para cosechar agua / provisión de agua/ irrigación
- S8: Saneamiento/ estructuras para aguas residuales
- S9: Refugios para plantas y animales
3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología
erosión de suelos por agua
- Wt: pérdida de capa arable/ erosión de la superficie
erosión de suelos por viento
- Et: pérdida de capa arable
deterioro químico del suelo
- Cn: reducción de la fertilidad y contenido reducido de la materia orgánica del suelo (no ocasionados por la erosión)
- Ca: acidificación
- Cp: contaminación del suelo
- Cs: salinización/ alcalinización
deterioro físico del suelo
- Pc: compactación
degradación biológica
- Bc: reducción de la cobertura vegetal del suelo
- Bh: pérdida de hábitats
- Bq: reducción de la cantidad/ biomasa
- Bs: reducción en la calidad y composición/ diversidad de las especies
- Bl: pérdida de la vida del suelo
- Bp: incremento de pestes/ enfermedades, pérdida de depredadores
degradación del agua
- Ha: aridificación
- Hs: cambio en la cantidad de aguas superficiales
- Hg: cambio en nivel de aguas subterráneas/ nivel de acuífero
- Hq: reducción de la calidad de aguas subterráneas
3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo
Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:
- restaurar/ rehabilitar tierra severamente degradada
4. Especificaciones técnicas, actividades de implementación, insumos y costos
4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología
Especificaciones técnicas (relacionadas al dibujo técnico):
Area: 25 x 25 square feet.
Number of Coconut Trees: 4
Number of Nutmeg Trees: 1
Number of Pepper Climbers: 4
Number of Shrubs: 3-4 (Lime, Curry leaves, Medicinal herbs and Turmeric)
Number of Timber Trees : 3-4 (Mahogany, Mountain Neem, Kino, Red Sandalwood, Blackwood, White Teak and Ironwood)
Number of trenches : 4 ( 6x3x2 ft each, half in this block, half extended to the next block.
Irrigation System: Drip and a Center Fog Sprinkler for creating moisture in the atmosphere.
Input application: Cow dung and Cow urine mix flows to the trench covered with biomass. Decomposes it over time and creates humus for all the plants.
Initially biomass crops are planted, slowly transitioning to trees as the soil improves.
No maintenance after 3-4 years.
Coconut collected after it drops naturally.
Nutmeg and Pepper harvest happens in 3-4 years, gradually increasing yields.
Shrubs are harvested occasionally for self consumption and direct on farm sales.
Autor:
Aditya Tated
Fecha:
29/10/2024
4.2 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos
Especifique cómo se calcularon los costos e insumos:
- por área de Tecnología
Indique tamaño y unidad de área:
5.66 hectares
Si usa una unidad de área local, indique el factor de conversión a una hectárea (ej. 1 ha = 2.47 acres): 1 ha =:
1hectare = 2.47 acres
otra / moneda nacional (especifique):
INR
Si fuera relevante, indique la tasa de cambio de dólares americanos a la moneda local (ej. 1 U$ = 79.9 Reales Brasileros): 1 U$ =:
84,07
Indique el costo promedio del salario de trabajo contratado por día:
600 INR
4.3 Actividades de establecimiento
Actividad | Momento (estación) | |
---|---|---|
1. | Plot assessment and planning | Before onset of rains |
2. | Digging trenches for rainwater harvesting | Before the rainy season |
3. | Setting up drip irrigation system | Before planting; dry season |
4. | Planting initial tree species (timber, fruit, nitrogen-fixing) | Early rainy season |
5. | Planting startup crops (e.g., banana, papaya) | Early rainy season |
6. | Mulching trenches with plant biomass | After trench creation, ongoing |
7. | Adding bio-inputs to mulch beds | Throughout growing seasons |
8. | Pruning trees and returning biomass | Regular intervals during dry seasons |
9. | Planting additional companion species | After initial species establishment |
10. | Setting up pest repellent measures | As needed, ongoing |
4.4 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento
Especifique insumo | Unidad | Cantidad | Costos por unidad | Costos totales por insumo | % de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mano de obra | Trench Digging | machine-hours | 100,0 | 1000,0 | 100000,0 | 100,0 |
Mano de obra | Tree Planting | person-days | 75,0 | 600,0 | 45000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Farm Tools | lump sum | 1,0 | 20000,0 | 20000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Irrigation Setup | lump sum | 1,0 | 100000,0 | 100000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Pruning Machine | units | 1,0 | 25000,0 | 25000,0 | 100,0 |
Material para plantas | Timber Saplings | units | 5500,0 | 3,0 | 16500,0 | 100,0 |
Material para plantas | Nutmeg Saplings | units | 1000,0 | 20,0 | 20000,0 | 100,0 |
Material para plantas | Pepper Saplings | units | 1000,0 | 40,0 | 40000,0 | 100,0 |
Material para plantas | Fruit Trees | units | 500,0 | 100,0 | 50000,0 | 100,0 |
Fertilizantes y biocidas | Organic Manure | load | 10,0 | 1500,0 | 15000,0 | 100,0 |
Fertilizantes y biocidas | Organic Pest Repellants | lump sum | 1,0 | 20000,0 | 20000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Fencing Irrigation | lump sum | 1,0 | 200000,0 | 200000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Bio-Input Preparation Unit | lump sum | 1,0 | 200000,0 | 200000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Pipes and Valves | lump sum | 1,0 | 530000,0 | 530000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Tool Shed | lump sum | 1,0 | 50000,0 | 50000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Worker Shed | lump sum | 1,0 | 50000,0 | 50000,0 | 100,0 |
Otros | Farm Animals | units | 5,0 | 20000,0 | 100000,0 | 100,0 |
Otros | Fodder | annual | 1,0 | 25000,0 | 25000,0 | 100,0 |
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología | 1606500,0 | |||||
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología en USD | 19109,08 |
Comentarios:
Land user bore all costs
4.5 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes
Actividad | Momento/ frequencia | |
---|---|---|
1. | Pruning | Every 6 months |
2. | Irrigation system maintenance | Annually, before dry season |
3. | Mulching trenches | Twice a year, before onset of rains |
4. | Adding bio-inputs to mulch beds | Happens automatically with irrigation. |
5. | Harvesting fruits and biomass | As and when needed Coconut is collected after it falls by itself. |
6. | Replanting missing or damaged trees | Annually, before rainy season |
7. | Fencing and protection checks | Quarterly |
4.6 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)
Especifique insumo | Unidad | Cantidad | Costos por unidad | Costos totales por insumo | % de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mano de obra | Pruning, mulching, replanting | person-days | 100,0 | 600,0 | 60000,0 | 100,0 |
Mano de obra | Harvesting | person-days | 300,0 | 600,0 | 180000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Tools for pruning fencing checks | lump sum | 1,0 | 10000,0 | 10000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Irrigation system maintenance | lump sum | 1,0 | 10000,0 | 10000,0 | 100,0 |
Equipo | Fencing maintenance | lump sum | 1,0 | 20000,0 | 20000,0 | 100,0 |
Material para plantas | Replacement seedlings | pieces | 50,0 | 30,0 | 1500,0 | 100,0 |
Fertilizantes y biocidas | Preparing organic bio-inputs via irrigation system | lump sum | 1,0 | 5000,0 | 5000,0 | 100,0 |
Material de construcción | Fencing materials for repair | lump sum | 1,0 | 8000,0 | 8000,0 | 100,0 |
Otros | Cow Care and Fodder | kg | 5,0 | 5000,0 | 25000,0 | 100,0 |
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología | 319500,0 | |||||
Costos totales para mantener la Tecnología en USD | 3800,4 |
Comentarios:
Land users bore all costs
4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
No factors significantly affected costs.
5. Entorno natural y humano
5.1 Clima
Lluvia anual
- < 250 mm
- 251-500 mm
- 501-750 mm
- 751-1,000 mm
- 1,001-1,500 mm
- 1,501-2,000 mm
- 2,001-3,000 mm
- 3,001-4,000 mm
- > 4,000 mm
Especifique el promedio anual de lluvia (si lo conoce), en mm:
865,00
Especificaciones/ comentarios sobre la cantidad de lluvia:
Rainfall Distribution and Seasonality: Monsoon Seasons: Rainfall peaks during the southwest monsoon (June to September) and the northeast monsoon (October to November). August, October, and November are the rainiest months, each with an average precipitation between 167 to 214 mm.
Dry Periods: The driest months are January to March, with very low rainfall, averaging between 5 to 35 mm per month.
Indique el nombre de la estación metereológica de referencia considerada:
Coimbatore Metrological station, India Meteorological Department’s (IMD) network.
Zona agroclimática
- húmeda
Generally warm, with an average annual temperature around 26–28°C (79–82°F). The hottest months tend to be March to May, where temperatures can reach up to 36–40°C (97–105°F), while the coolest months are December and January, with average daily temperatures ranging from 25–26°C (77–79°F)
5.2 Topografía
Pendientes en promedio:
- plana (0-2 %)
- ligera (3-5%)
- moderada (6-10%)
- ondulada (11-15%)
- accidentada (16-30%)
- empinada (31-60%)
- muy empinada (>60%)
Formaciones telúricas:
- meseta/ planicies
- cordilleras
- laderas montañosas
- laderas de cerro
- pies de monte
- fondo del valle
Zona altitudinal:
- 0-100 m s.n.m.
- 101-500 m s.n.m.
- 501-1,000 m s.n.m
- 1,001-1,500 m s.n.m
- 1,501-2,000 m s.n.m
- 2,001-2,500 m s.n.m
- 2,501-3,000 m s.n.m
- 3,001-4,000 m s.n.m
- > 4,000 m s.n.m
Indique si la Tecnología se aplica específicamente en:
- no relevante
5.3 Suelos
Profundidad promedio del suelo:
- muy superficial (0-20 cm)
- superficial (21-50 cm)
- moderadamente profunda (51-80 cm)
- profunda (81-120 cm)
- muy profunda (>120 cm)
Textura del suelo (capa arable):
- fina/ pesada (arcilla)
Textura del suelo (> 20 cm debajo de la superficie):
- fina/ pesada (arcilla)
Materia orgánica de capa arable:
- baja (<1%)
Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :
Soil type - Red sandy soil
5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua
Agua subterránea:
5-50 m
Disponibilidad de aguas superficiales:
pobre/ ninguna
Calidad de agua (sin tratar):
agua potable de buena calidad
La calidad de agua se refiere a:
agua subterránea
¿La salinidad del agua es un problema?
No
¿Se está llevando a cabo la inundación del área? :
No
Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre calidad y cantidad de agua:
Pollachi, the place where the farm is located, water quality fluctuates throughout the year, particularly due to agricultural runoff and effluents from nearby industrial activities.
5.5 Biodiversidad
Diversidad de especies:
- baja
Diversidad de hábitats:
- baja
5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología
Sedentario o nómada:
- Sedentario
Orientación del mercado del sistema de producción:
- mixta (subsistencia/ comercial)
Ingresos no agrarios:
- > 50% de todo el ingreso
Nivel relativo de riqueza:
- promedio
Individuos o grupos:
- individual/ doméstico
Nivel de mecanización:
- mecanizado/motorizado
Género:
- mujeres
- hombres
Edad de los usuarios de la tierra:
- personas de mediana edad
5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología
- < 0.5 ha
- 0.5-1 ha
- 1-2 ha
- 2-5 ha
- 5-15 ha
- 15-50 ha
- 50-100 ha
- 100-500 ha
- 500-1,000 ha
- 1,000-10,000 ha
- > 10,000 ha
¿Esto se considera de pequeña, mediana o gran escala (refiriéndose al contexto local)?
- escala mediana
5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua
Tenencia de tierra:
- individual, con título
Derechos de uso de tierra:
- individual
Derechos de uso de agua:
- individual
¿Los derechos del uso de la tierra se basan en un sistema legal tradicional?
Sí
Especifique:
Private Ownership
5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura
salud:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
educación:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
asistencia técnica:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
empleo (ej. fuera de la granja):
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
mercados:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
energía:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
caminos y transporte:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
agua potable y saneamiento:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
servicios financieros:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
6. Impactos y comentarios para concluir
6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología
Impactos socioeconómicos
Producción
producción de cultivo
Cantidad antes de MST:
110
Cantidad luego de MST:
160
Comentarios/ especifique:
Coconuts were small in size and fewer in number when the farm was bought. After 6-7 years, the counts increased from 110 per tree per year to 160 and size increased 150% on average.
calidad de cultivo
Cantidad antes de MST:
Not so tasty
Cantidad luego de MST:
Taste is the best compared to surrounding many farms.
riesgo de fracaso de producción
Cantidad antes de MST:
50-60%
Cantidad luego de MST:
0%
Comentarios/ especifique:
The risk of production failure has come down to 0% as there is no pest and disease attack. The coconuts yield continuously throughout the year.
diversidad de producto
Cantidad antes de MST:
1
Cantidad luego de MST:
3
Comentarios/ especifique:
From just one crop to 2 main crops, pepper as a sub-main crop and a variety of fruits for self consumption.
área de producción
Cantidad antes de MST:
40%
Cantidad luego de MST:
60%
Comentarios/ especifique:
Coconuts occupied approximately 40% area in terms of canopy. Now in addition to that there is nutmeg which occupies another 20%. Rest of the area is for timber and other supporting crops not included here.
manejo de tierras
Cantidad antes de MST:
24/7
Cantidad luego de MST:
1 Day a Week
Comentarios/ especifique:
Farmer before this owner spent hours in weeding, application of inputs and pesticide, burning of crop residue, harvesting coconuts. Now the whole farm needs 2 labour to collect fallen coconuts and turn on the irrigation switches and valves. The farmer comes to visit the farm once a week for monitoring.
Disponibilidad y calidad de agua
calidad de agua potable
disponibilidad de agua para irrigar
Comentarios/ especifique:
Earlier the bore wells would run only for a couple of hours and then the water would dry out. Now it fulfills the irrigation requirement without interruption.
demanda de agua para irrigar
Comentarios/ especifique:
Demand for water has drastically come down as the SOC content in the soil has risen.
Ingreso y costos
gastos en insumos agrícolas
Comentarios/ especifique:
There is no expense in any agricultural input apart from maintenance of 2-3 cows. The entire system is automatic. The slurry from the cowshed goes into the tank which supplies input through a venturi to the drip irrigaton system.
ingreso agrario
Comentarios/ especifique:
Farm income has gone up significantly owing to the high yields, multiple crops, better prices, low cultivation and management costs.
diversidad de fuentes de ingreso
Comentarios/ especifique:
Incomes are coming from sale of coconuts, nutmeg and pepper. Coconut oil is also extracted now by the farmer and sold at a high premium price.
carga de trabajo
Comentarios/ especifique:
The drudgery of mainting a monocrop and all the works associalted with conventional agriculture is eliminated by 95%. The only workload is to pick up the fallen coconuts and harvest nutmeg and pepper.
Impactos socioculturales
situación de salud
Comentarios/ especifique:
The health of the owner and the consumers is greatly benefitted owing to the absense of harmful chemicals and pesticides in the produce.
MST/ conocimiento de la degradación del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
This model is a great source of wisdom about tree-based regenerative agriculture which can counter land degradation. It has all the necessary components of how to convert dirt into soil.
Impactos ecológicos
Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento
calidad de agua
cosecha/ recolección de agua
escurrimiento superficial
drenaje de agua en exceso
nivel freático/ acuífero
evaporación
Suelo
humedad del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Soil moisture is maintained as high levels except for summers when its a little low due to the intense heat this region faces.
cubierta del suelo
compactación de suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Soil compaction has reduced because of the heavy penetraton of tree roots, improved SOC and biological activity in the soil.
ciclo/ recarga de nutrientes
Comentarios/ especifique:
It is evident from the yields that there is a very resilient process of nutrient cycling happening in the farm compared to what was happening earlier.
materia orgánica debajo del suelo C
Cantidad antes de MST:
0.05
Cantidad luego de MST:
3.36
Comentarios/ especifique:
The SOC level have increased continously and is still increasing because of the leaf litter that is added continuously throughout the year.
Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales
Cubierta vegetal
Cantidad antes de MST:
40%
Cantidad luego de MST:
90%
Comentarios/ especifique:
Vegetation cover in the form of trees, shrubs, perennial crops and pepper has shown dramatic increase.
biomasa/ sobre suelo C
Comentarios/ especifique:
Addition of 3 times the number of trees has increased the above ground biomass multiple times.
diversidad vegetal
Comentarios/ especifique:
The farm is now a home for more than 100 species of plants compared to just one when it was bought.
especies invasoras extrañas
Comentarios/ especifique:
There is an absolute balance in the farm ecosystem with no species going out of control. There are no significant weeds as the soil ecosystem and shade doesn't support the common invasive species found in the region.
diversidad animal
Comentarios/ especifique:
Minor farm animals are seen. Since its not a large area, enough diversity has not been established.
especies benéficas
Comentarios/ especifique:
There are no harmful species for which the farmer needs to worry about. All species are beneficaial in some way or the other.
diversidad de hábitats
Comentarios/ especifique:
Multi layer multi crop system allows various different habitat for a variety of species. Here from high coconut to rich soil undergrond has a habitat diversity of semi-forest which was not present earlier.
control de pestes/ enfermedades
Comentarios/ especifique:
The farmer says he doesn't know what are pests now which was not the case earlier. Earlier his coconuts would be continously be harmed by something or the other.
Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos
impactos de sequías
Comentarios/ especifique:
The impact of drought is not significant in this farm because of the green cover, soil moisture, high water tables, year-round water availability and overall resiliance of the system. All other conventional farms face enormous hardship during droughts.
impactos de ciclones, tormentas de lluvia
Comentarios/ especifique:
Impact of rain storms is also less as there is enough wind barriers because of the dense vegetation. The coconots have penetrated their roots towards the trenches and underground in search of nutrients making them strongly grounded and able to withstand storms easily.
emisión de carbono y gases de invernadero
Comentarios/ especifique:
This system is carbon negative as there is no use of chemicals or fossil fuels needed to run any operation except the transportation of coconuts to the markets.
velocidad de viento
Comentarios/ especifique:
Wind velocity is hindered now due to the dense vegetation.
micro-clima
Comentarios/ especifique:
The micro-climate is the most tangible change that anyone visiting the farm is able to relish. The coolness inside the farm is completely mood-changing for someone who is entering from outside. It leaves people wanting to live here or create such a place for themselves. Its an oasis in a desert.
Especifique la evaluación de los impactos en el sitio (mediciones):
Soil Fertility: Initially, the soil was likely low in organic matter due to monoculture practices. Through the addition of nitrogen-fixing plants and mulching with biomass, the soil's nutrient levels improved naturally, eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers.
Soil Organic Carbon: Soil organic carbon increased notably from 0.5% to 3.36% due to continuous mulching, the addition of bio-inputs, and water-retaining trenches. These practices enriched the soil with organic matter, improving its structure and capacity to hold moisture.
Erosion Control and Water Retention: Trenches and rainwater harvesting reduced runoff, preventing soil erosion and enhancing water retention, which helped maintain stable soil moisture levels, even in dry periods.
Microbial Health: The use of bio-inputs via drip irrigation boosted microbial activity in the soil, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter into humus, which further improved soil fertility and structure.
6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología
disponibilidad de agua
Comentarios/ especifique:
It is assumed that as the groundwater table in the site has increased, it would definitely have some effect of the neighboring sites.
Especifique la evaluación de los impactos fuera del emplazamiento (medidas):
We have not conducted measurement of off-site ecological impacts for this farm as of now.
6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)
Cambio climático gradual
Cambio climático gradual
Estación | Incremento o reducción | ¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|---|---|
temperatura anual | incrementó | muy bien | |
temperatura estacional | estación seca | incrementó | bien |
lluvia anual | muy bien | ||
lluvia estacional | estación húmeda/ de lluvias | incrementó | muy bien |
Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima
Desastres climatológicos:
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
tormenta de lluvia local | muy bien |
Desastres climatológicos
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
ola de calor | bien |
sequía | bien |
Desastres biológicos
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
insectos/ infestación de gusanos | muy bien |
6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
ligeramente negativo
Ingresos a largo plazo:
muy positivo
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
neutral/ balanceado
Ingresos a largo plazo:
muy positivo
6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología
- 1-10%
De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, por ej. sin recibir nada de incentivos/ materiales:
- 0-10%
6.6 Adaptación
¿La tecnología fue modificada recientemente para adaptarse a las condiciones cambiantes?
No
6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra |
---|
1) Efficient Rainwater Harvesting: Trenches prevent water runoff and retain moisture, helping farmers adapt to water-scarce conditions. Drip irrigation ensures efficient water use, reducing waste and improving moisture availability at plant roots. |
2) Nitrogen-fixing plants and bio-inputs build natural soil fertility, reducing or eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers. |
3) Income Stability: Diverse crops (timber, fruit, and cash crops like bananas and papayas) ensure year-round income and minimize dependency on a single crop. |
4) Pest and Disease Management: The natural ecosystem with pollinators and predatory insects reduces pest issues without needing chemical pesticides. |
5) Minimal Labor: Once established, the system requires less labor with minimal tilling or weeding, allowing farmers to save on labor costs. |
6) Increased Yield and Quality: Coconut yield has improved significantly, with larger and better-tasting coconuts, enhancing the crop’s market value. |
7) Ecological Balance: The increase in biodiversity supports natural pest control, improved pollination, and enriched soil. |
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave |
---|
1)Positive Environmental Impact: Enhanced Soil and Water Conservation: Rainwater harvesting and mulching contribute to soil health and sustainable water use, supporting resilient agricultural practices. Carbon Sequestration: The introduction of timber and fruit trees aids in carbon capture, helping to mitigate climate change. |
2)Increased Biodiversity and Natural Pest Management: Reduction in Chemical Usage: Biodiverse ecosystems reduce reliance on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, fostering healthier food systems. Positive Environmental Metrics: Biodiversity and natural pest control align with ecological sustainability, improving farm ecosystems. |
3)Model for Replication and Scaling: Technology Viability: A successful pilot farm serves as a model that other farmers can adopt, promoting tree-based agriculture and natural farming methods. Long-Term Sustainable Farming: This low-maintenance, high-diversity model provides a sustainable alternative to conventional farming, attracting interest from stakeholders focused on sustainable agriculture. |
4)Attracting Donor Support: Appeal to Donors: The project’s long-term sustainability and eco-friendly practices attract donors focused on climate resilience and food security. Potential for Diverse Funding: The combined focus on environmental sustainability, economic empowerment, and climate resilience appeals to various funding sources. |
6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra | ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas? |
---|---|
1) Learning Curve: Farmers may need additional knowledge on tree-based agriculture and organic soil management, which could necessitate training and support. | 1) Training programs across the project region are conducted on various aspects of regenerative agriculture at minimal costs |
2) Consistency in Bio-input Application: The effectiveness of bio-inputs depends on regular application; skipping or improper application could hinder soil improvement. | 2) Farmer hand holding is available via farmer helpline for basic queries and farm visits are conducted if nature of query requires. |
3) Higher Pest Pressure in Early Stages: As biodiversity builds up gradually, farmers might initially encounter some pest pressure until a stable ecosystem is established. | 3) Pest and disease management trainings are quite frequent and also the training video is available on Save Soil youtube channel in regional languages for easy access for farmers |
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave | ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas? |
---|---|
1) Need for Technical Expertise and Training: Farmers may need intensive training in regenerative agriculture methods, necessitating resources for workshops, materials, and ongoing support staff, which may impact the organization’s budget and staffing. | 1) Major portion of funding goes into trainings and to create online and offline materials easily accessible to farmers. In mega training program where more than 1000s of farmers attend, free technical handbook is also provided to support them on a daily basis |
2) Difficulty in Immediate Impact Measurement: Due to the delayed returns, reporting immediate success and impact might be challenging, especially in a results-oriented funding environment. | 2) Need to implement milestone-based metrics, proxy indicators, and comparative reporting to showcase early progress. Farmer testimonials and case studies further illustrate positive outcomes, while data visualizations offer accessible insights into ecological improvements and economic stability. |
3) Risk of Low Farmer Adoption: Farmers may be hesitant about the model’s initial costs and labor, slowing adoption. | 3) Selective aspects of the technology can be taken up initially to see early success in order to manage finances |
4) Resource-Intensive Monitoring and Data Collection: Tracking soil health, biodiversity, and yields requires dedicated monitoring, which can be resource-intensive, especially across multiple farms. | 4) Success of few model farms will convince farmer community to take up this technology without having the need to monitor each and every farm |
7. Referencias y vínculos
7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información
- visitas de campo, encuestas de campo
3-5 expert volunteers visited the farm for this survey.
- entrevistas con usuarios de tierras
1 person talked to the land user.
- entrevistas con especialistas/ expertos en MST
2 specialists were interviewed.
- compilación de informes y otra documentación existente
4 people were involved in documentation and reporting.
¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?
25/10/2024
7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles
Título, autor, año, ISBN:
Cauvery Calling: Impact Assessment Report 2024: A global economic model for farmers with a significant ecological impact
¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/search?q=UNCCD%20policy
Título, autor, año, ISBN:
SS-TKV Annual Report 2023-24
¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vvMD0kd-qWs4JtebbsBpOGBB-z_6CVr3ZcrK-1wV78Y/edit?tab=t.0
7.3 Vínculos a la información relevante disponible en línea
Título/ descripción:
Save Soil Movement - Model Farm, Proof of Concept
URL:
https://consciousplanet.org/en/save-soil/blog/save-soil-movement-model-farm-proof-of-concept
Título/ descripción:
A living example of Save Soil
URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVis4gkcPIU&t=353s
7.4 Comentarios generales
The farm is still undergoing transformation into a more efficient and profitable model with the technology implemented.
Vínculos y módulos
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Conscious Planet - Save Soil’s Farmer Training and … [India]
The approach focuses on supporting farmers to increase productivity by increasing soil biology and organic matter content, primarily through plant residue and animal waste. Awareness and advocacy are followed by training programs and support for adopting regenerative agricultural practices.
- Compilador: Praveena Sridhar
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