1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

19/06/2001

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

1.5 Referencia al (los) Cuestionario(s) de Enfoques MST

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

The comprehensive measures including interplanting & intercropping are applied in the small watershed to control soil and water loss and improve integrated production.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Based on the national conditions and soil and water loss in the area, the corresponding SWC measures were adopted to pursue the targets including: 1. Closing the hilly and mountain area of 224ha for the timber forest and grass growing as well as preventing soil and water loss; 2. Adjusting the land use structure so as to strengthen the comprehensive development of the hilly land as well as crop land irrigation; 3. Changing the area of W & S loss to economic vegetation land; 4. Constructing reservoirs and roads.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

Based on the long term experiences of the mass's practice in SWC, the SWC specialists innovated through guidance, design and implementation of local water & soil conservation.

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• proteger una cuenca hidrográfica/ áreas corriente abajo – en combinación con otras Tecnologías

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The layout of vegetation is not rational. The traffic is not convenient.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of new species and SWC technique. Hopefully more funds could be supported from government.

Grazingland comments: Reclaiming fish pools area of 5.6 ha, stall breeding chicken, duck etc.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Planting young bamboo in the sparse woodland (about 135 ha) in the western watershed and planting lotus after deforesting the woodland (36.7 ha) in the southwestern watershed as well as changing the adult tea gardens to afforest in the northeast watershed.

Forest products and services: timber, grazing / browsing, nature conservation / protection


Type of grazing system comments: Reclaiming fish pools area of 5.6 ha, stall breeding chicken, duck etc.

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Comentarios:

Water supply also mixed rainfed-irrigated

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 365Longest growing period from month to month: Jan - Dec

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• manejo de agua superficial (manantial, río, lagos, mar):

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• 1-10 km2

Comentarios:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 5.93 m2.

Xinxili small watershed is located in southern Zhenghe county. It belongs to administration of Jiefang village of Xiongshan town including three villages. The area of the watershed is about 606 ha. The weather in the region is sub-tropical monsoon climate with artificial vegetation. The soil type is red soil.

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, mulching, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (population increasing and lack of fuel), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial: Low living standard of the local people and lack of funds.)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (neglecting ecological benefit, overfelling forest), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Sandy and loose red soil.)

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• reducir la degradación del suelo

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, Improvement of soil structure

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Remarks: Intercropping/mixed cropping

Mulching
Material/ species: Straw
Quantity/ density: all crop a
Remarks: strips

Trees/ shrubs species: fir, bamboo, horsetail pine,

Fruit trees / shrubs species: pear, loquat, peach, greengage

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 25.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 20.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 20.00%

Construction material (earth): With some stone

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 25.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 60.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10.00

4.3 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

Especifique la moneda usada para calcular costos:

• dólares americanos

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	closing mountain to afforest	Vegetativas	1990
2.	planting bamboo	Vegetativas	1990
3.	bamboo forest cultivated	Vegetativas	1990
4.	changing farmland to forest	Vegetativas	1990
5.	planting fruit trees	Vegetativas	1990
6.	Building sluice dams	Estructurales	1990
7.	road constructing	Estructurales	1990

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

Comentarios:

Duration of establishment phase: 72 month(s)

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	fertilizing	Vegetativas	1990-1999 /3
2.	cleaning out ruderal	Vegetativas	1990-1999 /2
3.	Preventing and curing illness and insect pests	Vegetativas	1990-1999 /3
4.	Broadening road	Estructurales	1995/timely
5.	highway maintenance	Estructurales	1995/timely

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

Comentarios:

Size of the variable structural measures and areas of grass planting.

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Because mechanic machines are not available, more labor forces are needed costing much. In addition, the expense for seeding, fertilizer, flagstone used in building dams take most of the total fees.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

soil texture: granite and fiber rock

Soil fertility: medium

Soil drainage / infiltration: good

Soil water storage capacity: high

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

and own 2% of the land.
and own 2% of the land.
and own 72% of the land.
and own 10% of the land.
and own 8% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The benefit of SWC implementation is about 1.03 million US dollars. Among them, 257,289 US Dollars from the agricultural production, 145,301 USD from the forest industry and 286,746 USD from others.

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• estado

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

• más de 50%

Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):

510 households

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, es decir, sin recibir incentivos/ pagos materiales?

• 10-50%

Comentarios:

80% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

410 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

100 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Even without fund support, rich land users could gain added income from the implementation of SWC technique.