Identification of a possible hunting area and types of game resources during the meeting of local hunters (Almaz Musaev (Bishkek, Manas St.,155, Wildlife Department))

Joint Wildlife Management in the mountain ecosystem of the Naryn region in Kyrgyzstan (Kirghizistan)

Нарын областында тоолуу экосистемаларынын табигый анчылык ресурстарын жергиликтуу жамааттардын негизинде колдонуу

Description

Joint Wildlife Management based on economic empowerment and assigning hunting (wildlife) grounds to the Association of local hunters and providing her with user rights for game resources leads to a sustainable use of natural resources and biodiversity and wildlife conservation (in the frame of CACILM).

Aims / objectives: Wildlife in Kyrgyzstan, especially mountain ungulates, is threatened because these resources can be easily accessed due to an inadequate state supervision and regulation as well as due to lack of knowledge among the local population and mechanism for integrated land use (considering different coordinated types of resource use) and resource conservation. Decrease in the natural habitat (caused by the expansion of pasture and arable land) and illegal hunting lead to a decrease in wildlife populations. In Kyrgyzstan, the fauna is exclusively owned by the state. User rights for wildlife are separated from land use ones. The approach aims at the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife based on providing representatives of the local community, organized in an Association of local hunters (ALH), with legal user rights for wildlife resources.

Methods: (1) supporting local hunters in organizing an Association of local hunters (ALH) with the help of facilitators; (2) transferring wildlife management functions from the Wildlife Department to the ALH based on assigning hunting grounds to them and providing them with user rights according to jointly developed management plans; (3) building trust in partnership relations between the ALH and the Wildlife Department of State Agency for Environmental Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) based on joint registration and monitoring and determination of the resource status (see Annex 3); (4) capacity building of the ALH with the help of independent experts and advising activities provided by the Wildlife Department; (5) developing an atmosphere of trust by establishing links between the Wildlife Department, local hunters (ALH), the local community (Aiylokmotu) and rural organizations (Pasture User Association, PUA) based on joint planning and information sharing.

Stages of implementation: (1) setting up groups of well-trained (sensitive) facilitators and training them on the principles of facilitation, conflict management and sustainable management of natural resources; (2) identifying reliable active hunters with the help of facilitators and managers by interviewing neutral people; (3) organizing a meeting at the field level to analyze the situation and identify interests in establishing of the ALH; (4) raising awareness of local hunters on wildlife resources, existing problems and possible solutions offered by sustainable management; (5) establishing an ALH in the pilot area as a legal entity; (6) assigning areas to the ALH and advising activities on methods for wildlife management provided by the Wildlife Department and the specialized NGO 'Ak-Terek'; (7) organizing expeditions with specialists from the Wildlife Department to register and monitor the resource status; (8) developing a management plan with the support of experts from the Wildlife Department and independent experts, plan approval and implementation.

Lieu

Lieu: Kochkor district, Toloksky Aiylokmotu (villages Tolok and Kok-Jar), Kyrgyzstan, Naryn oblast, Kirghizistan

Géo-référence des sites sélectionnés
  • 75.682, 41.966

Date de démarrage: 2010

Année de fin de l'Approche: 2014

Type d'Approche
Identification of a possible hunting area and types of game resources during the meeting of local hunters (Almaz Musaev (Bishkek, Manas St.,155, Wildlife Department))
Wild mountain goats are one of the species at risk of extinction; it is included into the list of wild animals, of which management rights will be transferred in the hands of the local community (Almaz Musaev (Bishkek, Manas St., 155, Wildlife Department))

Objectifs de l'approche et environnement favorable

Principaux objectifs de l'Approche
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transferring responsibilities of wildlife management to the local population, assigning hunting grounds to the Association of local Hunters and providing her with legal user rights for game resources, sustainable management of wildlife and joint planning)

The approach aims at conservation and sustainable use of wildlife based on economic empowerment and transfer of legal use rights for wildlife resources to representatives of the local community, organized in the Association of local hunters according to jointly developed management plans.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Decrease in wildlife populations due to an unregulated unsustainable use of resources by the local population and due to lack of participatory mechanisms for the population to manage these resources, inadequate state regulation and supervision, aggravated by a conflict of interest among users over other natural resources with different intentions (pasture, forest, mineral resources, tourism).
Conditions favorisant la mise en oeuvre de la/(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche
Conditions entravant la mise en oeuvre de la/(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche
  • Normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses : Hunting is basically illegal. Local hunters do not trust the new approach of wildlife management and have no capacity for self-organization and no experience of joint decision making. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Providing necessary information to the local population by holding meetings and seminars with representatives of the Wildlife Department. Trainings on capacity building for self-organization.
  • Disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers: There is a need for initial investment to get the ALH started and deferred revenues are expected. The ALH is not expected to extract big financial revenues from wildlife management and wildlife use. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Explanation of financial expectations (exclusive right of first access to game resources and authority of access right distribution, patriotism)
  • Cadre institutionnel: There is a lack of joint organizations at the field level which manage wildlife resources sustainably. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Establishing an Association of local hunters to manage wildlife resources sustainably
  • Cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau): There is a lack of policy promoting Joint Wildlife Management Treatment through the SLM Approach: Order of the Wildlife Department, Concept of Reform for wildlife sector prohibiting state agencies to manage wildlife economically, promoting the assignment of wildlife areas to the ALH The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly hindered the approach implementation Existing legislation does not comply with the principles of sustainable use and wildlife management and does not promote Joint Wildlife Management. There is a lack of regulation and integration of land users.
  • Connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques: The local population has no necessary capacities (environmental awareness, knowledge of sustainable wildlife management). Treatment through the SLM Approach: Trainings

Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles
Quels acteurs/ organismes d'exécution ont été impliqués dans l'Approche? Spécifiez les parties prenantes Décrivez le rôle des parties prenantes
exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales Hunters from the villages Kok-Djar and Tolel in the Naryn region Hunting is a traditionally male-dominated activity Pasture user committees
organisations communautaires
ONG Public Foundation “Ak-Terek”
gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs) Wildlife Department of SAEPF
organisation internationale GIZ Regional Program on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources via the Project “Sustainable use of the mountain ungulate species in Kyrgyzstan”
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
aucun
passive
soutien extérieur
interactive
auto-mobilisation
initiation/ motivation
x
Consulting with the Wildlife Department
planification
x
Participation at discussing the approach design and determining the form and specifics of self-organization
mise en œuvre
x
Local hunters implement the approach through their representatives in the ALH
suivi/ évaluation
x
Monitoring and evaluation are conducted on base of questionnaires and interviews with key actors supported by the Wildlife Department and GIZ Project and on base of annual progress assessment in reports prepared for the Wildlife Department (increase in wildlife population, reducing conflicts among resource users).
Research
x
Diagramme/ organigramme

The approach has been implemented by the GIZ project 'Sustainable management of the mountain ungulate species' under the Regional Program on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Central Asia which initiated and implemented establishment of the ALH in conjunction with the Wildlife Department and the NGO 'Ak-Terek'. The Wildlife Department has developed new methods for monitoring and determining wildlife quotas. The NGO 'Ak-Terek' promotes and facilitates self-organization of hunters in the ALH, mitigate possible conflicts arising in the integrated land use. Local hunters are organized into the ALH, defining her structure and principles of organization (legal status, functions, membership), as well as monitoring and developing management plan, etc. The Wildlife Department confirms the legal assignment of wildlife areas to the ALH and provides advice to them on game management.

Auteur : Nazgul Esengulova (720001, Logvinenko St., 26а, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan )
Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie de GDT

Les décisions ont été prises par

  • les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)
  • principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT
  • tous les acteurs concernés dans le cadre d'une approche participative
  • principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres
  • les spécialistes de la GDT seuls
  • les responsables politiques/ dirigeants
  • Experts from the Wildlife Department

Les décisions ont été prises sur la base de

  • l'évaluation de connaissances bien documentées en matière de GDT (prises de décision fondées sur des preuves tangibles)?
  • les résultats de recherches?
  • expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)

Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

Les activités ou services suivants ont fait partie de l'approche
Renforcement des capacités/ formation
La formation a été dispensée aux parties prenantes suivantes
  • exploitants des terres
  • personnels/ conseillers de terrain
  • Wildlife Department
Formats de la formation
  • sur le tas
  • entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
  • zones de démonstration
  • réunions publiques
  • cours
  • 2 day seminars on the spot
Sujets abordés

1. Raising awareness of actual problems and possible solutions; joint mapping of resources and discussion of scenarios for development of hunting grounds;
2. Principles of sustainable wildlife use;
3. Methods for monitoring and registering the number of wild animals;
4. Planning economic activities of game management for an assigned area;
5. Professional ethics of game users;
6. Programs for employees of environmental, law enforcement and customs authorities.

Service de conseils
Le service de conseils était fourni
  • dans les champs des exploitants?
  • dans des centres permanents
Name of method used for advisory service: situation analysis; Key elements: on-site visit, group consultation during workshop, preparation of resource map

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Department with its local staff and the NGO 'Ak-Terek' are capable to continue providing advisory services after the project finishes.
Suivi et évaluation
Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: expeditions, field researches, surveys Bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: number of wild animals Economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: benefit from selling hunting tours and ecotourism No. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Number of hunters and associations Management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: annual planning, monitoring of achievement and difficulties, adaptation of the approach if necessary There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

Financement et soutien matériel externe

Budget annuel en dollars US de la composante GDT
  • < 2 000
  • 2 000-10 000
  • 10 000-100 000
  • 100 000-1 000 000
  • > 1 000 000
Precise annual budget: sans objet
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (GIZ, via “Sustainable use of the mountain ungulate species in Kyrgyzstan” ): 95.0%; government (Wildlife Department of SAEPF): 5.0%; national non-government (PF “Ak-Terek” ); local community / land user(s) (local resource users )
Les services ou mesures incitatives suivantes ont été fournis aux exploitants des terres
  • Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres
  • Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques
  • Crédits
  • Autres incitations ou instruments
en partie financé
entièrement financé
Tools, binoculars, GPS navigators, tents

x

La main d'oeuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était

Analyses d'impact et conclusions

Impacts de l'Approche
Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup
Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?

With establishing the Association of local hunters and involving the latter into wildlife management, stabilization and even an increasing tendency of wildlife populations according to ecosystem's carrying capacity have been made possible. Joint planning and activities in the assigned areas decreased the number of conflicts over resources. Diversification of land use and a better integration of land users are present.

x
Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?

x
Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les questions foncières et des droits d'utilisation qui entravent la mise en œuvre des Technologies?

Integrating approaches of wildlife management (a relevant order of the Hunting Department) before a new law 'On Hunting' is adopted. Economic empowerment of the LAH and political will for the issue. Increase in sensibility of the main resource users concerning the conservation of biodiversity.

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

The project is extended over other areas in Kyrgyzstan (Kemin, Ak-Suu and Talas regions) and in Khatlon and Gorno-Badakhshan oblasts of Tajikistan (Shurabad, Darvaz, Rushan, Ishkakshim, Murghab regions).

x
Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en oeuvre la GDT
Durabilité des activités de l'Approche
Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en oeuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur) ?

5 years later, after the number of wild animals in the assigned area is increased. During this period, members of the Association would realize the obvious long-term benefits resulting from the new approach (increasing wildlife population would lead to an increase in hunting licenses issued) and would become experienced in sustainable game management.

Conclusions et enseignements tirés

Points forts: point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
  • Opportunity to lobby for own interests through Hunters’ Association in the local community (Aiylokmotu).
  • Opportunity to extract revenue from hunting tours.
  • Opportunity to legalize hunting.
  • Opportunity to manage resources in the assigned area and to plan how to use them. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Trainings and expert advice from the Wildlife Department and the Academy of Sciences of KR.)
Points forts: point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne-ressource clé
  • Users of various natural resources (pasture, beekeepers, hunters) jointly plan their activities and use resources. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increasing awareness of the local population on degradation of natural resources and the need for their careful use.)
  • Resource use and management are transferred in the hands of resource users. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Adoption of necessary legislation to establish wildlife user associations.)
  • Positive impact on the local ecosystem: stabilization of the wildlife population resulting from of protection of the assigned area and limited shooting. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Trainings for hunters on a new method of registration and monitoring of wild animals in order to determine the status of wildlife populations.)
  • Active and regular participation and support of the Wildlife Department in planning and implementing approach and creating an atmosphere of trust.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques: point de vue de l'exploitant des terrescomment surmonter
  • Deferred minor revenue over the first years of implementation related to an increase in wildlife populations. Development of ecotourism as a primary source of income. In the future, ecotourism can be practiced along with hunting tourism, providing additional income.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques: point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne-ressource clécomment surmonter
  • Resource users have poor capacities for self-organization and are incapable of coherent collective actions. Consultancy, meetings, involvement of conflict managers and facilitators.

Références

Compilateur
  • Nazgul Esengulova
Editors
Examinateur
  • Alexandra Gavilano
  • David Streiff
Date de mise en oeuvre: 16 novembre 2011
Dernière mise à jour: 17 août 2017
Personnes-ressources
Description complète dans la base de données WOCAT
Données de GDT correspondantes
La documentation a été facilitée par
Institution Projet
Références clés
  • Final Report for GIZ 'Analysis and Preliminary Results of the Joint Wildlife Management Component of the Project: Pesch Markus
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International