Approches

Collection, selection, breeding and dissemination of locally adapted rice varieties at the Local Agricultural Research and Extension Centre LAREC. [Cambodge]

approaches_1880 - Cambodge

État complet : 94%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:

Khun Lean Hak

kleanghak@yahoo.com / sofdec@camintel.com

SOFDEC/LAREC

www.sofdec.com

Cambodge

Spécialiste GDT:

Pith Khonhel

012 585892

khonhel@gmail.com

LAREC Local Agricultural Research and Extension Centre

www.sofdec.org

Cambodge

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

01/08/2014

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Local genetic rice varieties which are better adapted to changing climatic conditions are collected on farms, tested, described, selected or bred into new varieties and again distributed to farmers with the goal to increase their food security

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Farmers in the central Cambodian province of Kampong Chhnang increasingly struggle with changing and unpredictable weather patterns and regular weather extremes. Lately, water supply has fluctuated annually due to alternating drought and flood extremes. Harvest yields from farmers in the region are low, amongst others, due to the use of low-quality seed, which is not adapted to local conditions, and which demands for an increase in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Acknowledging the fact that with changing climatic conditions, local genetic resources and genetic diversity play a vital role to guarantee food security of smallholder farmers, the Local Agricultural Research and Extension Center – LAREC collects, selects, tests, breeds and disseminates rice varieties, which are better adapted to local conditions. To answer to the climate extremes of drought and flood, LAREC focusses its research on flood tolerant and drought resistant rice varieties.
Over the past years 36 flood tolerant rice varieties have been investigated by LAREC research staff for their floating ability and submergence tolerance. 6 varieties among these are: Pork Kraham, Chung Banla-6, STR010, STR10, STR 011 and Chung Banla-2, have been defined as the most appropriated varieties in term of stem elongation, submergence tolerance and yield. These are multiplied and recommended for farmers in flood prone areas.
Regarding drought tolerance LAREC bred a new variety derived from a cross between Phka Rumduol and IRRI breeding line. This variety is tested in an on farm adaptive trial to see crop performance under farmer practice. The two lines have a short growth duration range from 75 days to 90 days and are non-photo period sensitive. Besides the short growth duration, which makes them appropriate for drought prone areas, the new variety also has a desirable aroma which is important for acceptance and marketing purposes. However, to provide scientific evidence, thorough testing in on-farm trials is needed to see yield performance under farmers’ condition, seed rate application based on cultivation method and fertilizer application.
After the production of basic seed for rice LAREC distributes the seed to contract farmers for multiplication under the supervision of LAREC staff. The multiplied seed is distributed to interested buyers through LAREC and the local farmers' associations.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Cambodge

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Kampong Chhnang

Autres spécifications du lieu :

Rolea Pha-ear

Commentaires:

Area where the seeds are used is 10-100 km2

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Indiquez l'année de démarrage:

2010

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

Provide high quality seeds of local varieties which are better adapted to changing climatic conditions to the farmers in the area.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • favorise

The founding of LAREC as a local research station was needs-based, as a consequence of increasing exposure of farmer's rice yields to extreme weather events (drought and flood)

  • entrave

Farmers are consulted in the selection of seed varieties, but not engaged in the research process.
There is a certain degree of aversion towards local varieties by the farmers, due to lower yields.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • favorise

The building up of LAREC (warehouse, office building, greenhouse, drying site, trial field) was rendered possible due to funding by SOFDEC/HEKS

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • favorise

Highly specialized research personnel working with local varieties adapted to local conditions

  • entrave

Only limited knowledge transfer to farmers, as research is conducted in the center, not through a participatory breeding approach

marchés (pour acheter les intrants, vendre les produits) et prix
  • entrave

LAREC struggels to become self-sustained by selling the seeds on the local market.

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

Farmers

Farmers are involved in the selection of seeds and some contracted farmers act as seed multipliers for LAREC

  • organisations communautaires

Community committees

They play a role to facilitate and promote the seed produced by LAREC. They also support the selection of seeds and follow up on the contracting farmers

  • chercheurs

LAREC reserach personnel

Selection, testing, breeding of adapted varieties

  • ONG

SOFDEC
HEKS (Swiss Church Aid)

SOFDEC provided 100% of the funding. SOFDEC staff links LAREC to the farmers and support the collection, dissemination promotion of the seeds and are also collecting feedback from farmers for discussion with LAREC team to find the solution.
HEKS (Swiss Church Aid) is the main backdonor of SOFDEC and hence of LAREC.

  • gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)

Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI)

CARDI plays an advisory role and also supports the promotion of LAREC.
LAREC is linked to CARDI to exchange on seed multiplication

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation passive LAREC was initiated by SOFDEC, as a consequence of an increasing exposure of farmer's rice yields to weather extremes (drought/flood)
planification aucun Planning of the center by SOFDEC
mise en œuvre passive LAREC collects seed varieties on farms, tests, selects, breeds and disseminates seed again to farmers. Farmers do the multiplication of seeds and use the adapted varieties for their rice production (own consumption and for the market)
suivi/ évaluation aucun M+E is conducted by LAREC, SOFDEC and HEKS ((internally) as well as by external evaluators (at the end of each project phase)
Research passive Selection of promising varieties is done in consultation with the farmers. Research with the selected crops is done entirely on the LAREC site.

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

Organizational chart of LAREC seed multiplication

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres
Expliquez:

The selection of the breeding lines is conducted with farmers. Research and testing of the selected varieties is done entirely on the LAREC site, without farmers involvement.
LAREC decides on how and where the adapted varieties were distributed.

Spécifiez sur quelle base ont été prises les décisions:
  • les résultats de recherches?
  • expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
Formats de la formation:
  • cours
Thèmes abordés:

Contract farmers are trained on seed production and seed storage.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Non

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • oui, beaucoup
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
  • local
Décrivez l'institution, ses rôles et responsabilités, ses membres, etc.

Establishment of a local agricultural research center

Précisez le type de soutien:
  • financier
  • renforcement des capacités/ formation
  • équipement

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

Yearly monitoring of number of land users using selected of new varieties. Ad-hoc measurements of yield (carried out by project staff)

Si oui, ce document est-il destiné à être utilisé pour le suivi et l'évaluation?

Oui

Commentaires:

The documentation of yield and land users involved is used for measuring outputs and outcomes of the project based on the indicators set in proposal. This is also used for routine monitoring by project staff as well as for mid-term and end project-phase evaluations.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:
  • technologie
Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Research to select and improve local rice varieties to be better adapted to changing climatic conditions is the main activity of the approach.

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 10 000-100 000

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Non

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • équipement
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
machines entièrement financé
outils entièrement financé
  • matériaux de construction
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
pierres entièrement financé
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
  • volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Farmers have access to seed varieties which are adapted to local conditions (e.g. drought and flood resistance), ensuring that yields are also generated in case of an extreme weather event.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et/ou la nutrition?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Through the use of seed varieties which are adapted to local conditions, (e.g. drought and flood resistance) farmers increase their food security by ensuring that yields are also generated in case of an extreme weather event. Farmers are more resilient against extreme weather events.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré la capacité des exploitants des terres à s'adapter aux changements/ extrêmes climatiques et a atténué les catastrophes liées au climat?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Through the use of seed varieties which are adapted to local conditions, (e.g. drought and flood resistance) farmers increase their food security by ensuring that yields are also generated in case of an extreme weather event. Farmers are more resilient against extreme weather events.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à des emplois, des opportunités de revenus?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Additional income for contract farmers through seed multiplication

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

  • réduire les risques de catastrophe

Adapted varieties also perform in the case of an extreme weather event (drought/flood)

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • incertain
Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

If the seeds are not promoted through a project (e.g. by SOFDEC), it is up to the farmers to buy the adapted varieties.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Seeds of high quality are provided by LAREC.
Quality of crops from LAREC-seed is uniform and varieties are demanded on the market, thus contributing to an increasing farmer income.
Increased food-security as adapted seeds also perform in the likelihood of an extreme weather event.
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Seeds are collected in the region from the farmers, thus adapted to the local conditions. (They are collected in the research center and in addition the center buys foundation seeds from the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) in order to scale up).

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Farmers are still dependent on getting new seeds of the selected varieties (every 3 years for rice) as seeds get mixed and cross pollination occurs.
Lack of money to store the seeds in a proper way. Lack of material (silica gel, oven). Find external financing sources. Connect with international seed saving organisations if collection and distribution of local ecotypes gets a higher priority.
Breeding and selection is not happening on-farm, only at the LAREC centre. Land users remain highly dependent on LAREC to provide new seeds every few years. Implement participatory plant breeding. Train farmers in selection (already happening with mung bean and rice) and breeding.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres
  • compilation à partir de rapports et d'autres documents existants

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Paris, T., et al. 2011. Guide to participatory varietal selection for submergence-tolerant rice. IRRI

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

www.irri.org

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

The Society for Community Development in Cambodia (SOFDEC) is a Cambodian Non-Governmental Organization, established in 2006 through the localization of HEKS (the Swiss Church Aid) project in Kampong Chhnang province, Cambodia. The vision of SOFDEC is that Cambodian people living in Cambodia live a state of comfort, equality, equity, and have ownership over the sustainable development of their community. The mission of SOFDEC works in partnership with community based organizations and relevant institutions through integrated community development, research, human resource development, enhancement of family economies, in the hopes to uplift the living standards of the people in the target areas. Our goal aims to uplift the living standards of the rural people of Cambodia through the improvement in income generation, sustainable agricultural practices, microfinance, health, human resource development, and sustainable natural resource management.

URL:

www.sofdec.com

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