1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

People in Need (PIN) (People in Need (PIN)) - Afghanistan

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Technology for lifting water to uplands: hydraulic flange pump, reservoir and pipe scheme.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

This technology is documented by the Sustainable Land Management Project, implemented by HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation and funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), with close support and cooperation of People in Need.
Samangan, Khuram wa Sarbagh district, Klor-e-Bala village is situated in a mountainous region where the greatest limiting factor to agricultural production is water. Arable lands are located far away from water sources. Lack of technology to exploit these lands prohibits villagers to cultivate their land to make a livelihood. Therefore, families are compelled to leave their village during summer.

Purpose of the Technology: To address this problem, People in Need (PIN), with financial support from GIZ and the Czech Embassy (CzDA) introduced irrigation through hydraulic flange pump. The hydraulic flange pump provides water to 30 orchards of Klor-e-Bala village, drinking water to the 43 village households, the mosque and the school of 500 students.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The main water source which starts and runs the hydraulic flange pump is the Khuwaja Hayat spring. The spring water arrives to the hydraulic flange pump from 1.8 meter height on a 12 percent slope in 200 meters distance from the water source. The water flow passes through the intake and moves towards the water wheel which starts/runs the hydraulic flange pump. The water is then pumped through three pipes of one inch to the reservoir. The hydraulic flange pump has the capacity of lifting water up to 250 meters.
The reservoir’s storage capacity is 25,600 liters of water with the dimensions as follows: 4.9 meter length; 2.9 m width; and 1.8 m height. It has two outlets: a spill way fitted with three pipes of one inch at the top of the reservoir and two outlets fitted with two pipes of three inches at the bottom. The lower outlet leads water to the orchards by diverting water after 40 meters into two pipes which are 1,000 meters long. Each orchard is connected to one of these two pipes by a T-connector and the water flows into a tin water tank with the capacity of 1,000 liters for each orchard. The two pipes are extended as far as the school which is located near the orchards and has been equipped with a 2000 liters tin water tank.
The hydraulic flange pump is made locally in Taloqan city, Takhar province of Afghanistan in the Baradaran-e- Kargar workshop. The pump costs 140,000 Afghani/ 2,200 US$, including installment. The estimated cost of the construction of the reservoir and the pump’s room including the hydraulic flange pump is 19,000 US$. The pipe scheme of the project was installed by the Community Development Council (CDC) with technical support from PIN’s engineering team. Community members contributed 10 percent of the costs as labor. As Klor-e-Bala village is situated in flood prone area and flooding is a common occurrence, PIN, with funding from the GIZ, constructed in 2015 two protection walls, 45 m and 55 m in length, on both sides of the river, to minimize erosion and protect the pump’s intake from floods. The protection walls were built through cash for work programme, but community members provided 10 percent contribution through labor and by providing stones for construction. The total estimated cost of the hydraulic flange pump, reservoir and pipe scheme technology amounted to 37,000 US$.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the technology, a caretaker, who lives close to the pump’s room has been appointed. The caretaker was trained by the technician who installed the hydraulic flange pump and has voluntarily taken the responsibility of maintenance activities; changing the oil and cleaning of the hydraulic flange pump's room and changing of the pipes in case of need. The owners of the orchards have to cover for all maintenance costs and the chairman of the Community Development Council (CDC) has the responsibility of managing the money for maintenance and other recurrent activities.
The flange pump technology contributed to the economic growth of the community members by increasing the orchards’ yields. Currently, the hydraulic flange pump irrigates 12 jireb/2.4 ha (30*800m2) orchards of apple, apricot, almond, pear and cherry trees. In addition to the orchards, alfalfa, potato, vegetables and other crops are as well cultivated on these lands. Furthermore, the pump supports the community members to settle year-round in their villages and prevents from their seasonal displacement. Moreover, the flange pump enables the provision of drinking water to the whole community and the school.

Natural / human environment: Samangan is one of the northern provinces of Afghanistan. Wheat, melons, pistachio,
almonds, potatoes, onions and caraway are important crops and Karakul sheep
and goats the main livestock for meat, dairy, and wool production. Rugs are the
main handicraft of this area. Khuram-wa-Sarbagh district in Samangan has two growing
seasons, the longest of which is 150 days from February to June and the second is 90
days from June to September. The average rainfall is below 500mm and the climate semi-arid.
The community members have limited access to off farm employment, market, energy,
financial services, roads and transportation and moderate access to health and education.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• améliorer la production

• access to water

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Les divers types d'utilisation des terres au sein du même unité de terrain: :

Oui

Précisez l'utilisation mixte des terres (cultures/ pâturages/ arbres):

• Agroforesterie

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Lack of safe drinking and irrigation water which makes agricultural activities difficult.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of cultivation due to the scarcity of water. High workloads and small incomes.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mf: Agroforestry

3.3 Est-ce que l’utilisation des terres a changé en raison de la mise en œuvre de la Technologie ?

Est-ce que l’utilisation des terres a changé en raison de la mise en œuvre de la Technologie ?

• Oui (Veuillez remplir les questions ci-après au regard de l’utilisation des terres avant la mise en œuvre de la Technologie)

3.4 Approvisionnement en eau

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

3.5 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• gestion des forêts naturelles et semi-naturelles
• agroforesterie
• gestion de l'irrigation (incl. l'approvisionnement en eau, le drainage)

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Main causes of degradation: disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff), droughts, education, access to knowledge and support services

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

Indiquez la monnaie utilisée pour le calcul des coûts:

• dollars américains

4.3 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Calendrier des activités (saisonnier)
1.	Excavation of the foundation
2.	Construction activities,Stone masonry foundation and wall:
3.	a:P.C.C concrete foundationb:R.C.C concretec:Iron shattering for walls, roof and floord:External and internal pointing
4.	a:Plasteringb:Steel barsc:Door and window
5.	Pipe scheme:a:Pipesb:Water tanksc:other equipmentd:Skilled and unskilled labor
6.	Procurement of the Hydraulic flange pump

4.4 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% du coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Excavation of the foundation	square meters	50,0	2,88	144,0	10,0
Main d'œuvre	Excavation of the foundation	cubic meters	161,0	2,4037	387,0	10,0
Main d'œuvre	Skilled and unskilled labor	persons/day	343,0	9,47521	3250,0	10,0
Equipements	Water tanks	pieces	39,0	98,615384	3846,0	10,0
Equipements	Pipes	meter	2900,0	2,9241379	8480,0	10,0
Equipements	Other equipment	all	1,0	2424,0	2424,0	10,0
Equipements	Procurement of the Hydraulic flange pump	pieces	1,0	2200,0	2200,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Concrete foundation	cubic meters	12,23	96,64758	1182,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Concrete	cubic meters	8,4	114,0476	958,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Iron shattering for walls, roof and floor	cubic meters	110,0	4,86363	535,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	External and internal pointing	square meters	226,0	2,85398	645,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Plastering	square meters	32,0	5,9375	190,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Steel bars	square meters	364,4	1,21844	444,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Door and window	square meters	3,98	28,8944	115,0	10,0
Matériaux de construction	Stones	square meters	244,0	50,0	12200,0	10,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					37000,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie en dollars américains (USD)					37000,0

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 7 month(s)

4.5 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Changing of the pipes	Once a year
2.	Cleaning of the flange pump room	Six times a year
3.	Changing of the hydraulic flange pump oil

4.6 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% du coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Changing of the pipes	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Cleaning of the flange pump room	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Changing of the hydraulic flange pump oil	persons/day	1,0	7,0	7,0	100,0
Equipements	Pipes	meter	20,0	0,65	13,0	100,0
Equipements	Oil	times/year	4,0	4,5	18,0	100,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					52,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie en dollars américains (USD)					52,0

4.7 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Labor, stone and equipment are the main fundamental factors which need high initial investments.
After a couple of years pipes may need to be changed.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil fertility is medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is medium

Soil water storage capacity is low

5.4 Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

5.5 Biodiversité

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly disadvantaged land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Constructional activities which are done outside of the houses and compounds are mainly applied by men in Afghanistan.

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

100% of the land users are poor.

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres utilisées par les exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)

Droits d’utilisation de l’eau:

• communautaire (organisé)

5.9 Accès aux services et aux infrastructures

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Biodiversité: végétale, animale

Réduction des risques de catastrophe et des risques climatiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.3 Exposition et sensibilité de la Technologie aux changements progressifs et aux évènements extrêmes/catastrophes liés au climat (telles que perçues par les exploitants des terres)

Changements climatiques progressifs

Changements climatiques progressifs

	Saison	Augmentation ou diminution	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
températures annuelles		augmente	bien
précipitations annuelles		augmente	bien

Extrêmes climatiques (catastrophes)

Catastrophes météorologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
pluie torrentielle locale	pas connu
tempête de vent locale	pas bien

Catastrophes climatiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
sécheresse	bien

Catastrophes hydrologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
crue éclair	pas bien

Autres extrêmes climatiques (catastrophes)

autre (précisez)	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
length of growing period	bien

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

• 11-50%

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

98 households covering 50 percent of the stated area

De tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle, ou aucune rémunération? :

• 0-10%

Commentaires:

98 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: Due to high expenses of the implementation of the technology, it has not been applied without any external support.

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: The technology is of a high cost and needs external support to be established.

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Application of the technology has reduced the workload for the families. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Greater awareness on water management can be created by training/workshop for the water users.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
The technology has supported the community members economically by increasing agricultural yields. Moreover, it contributes to reduce the costs of water during the summer season. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The land users should try to plant local and native trees and cultivate the crops which are adapted to the land.Community members should actively participate in maintenance activities.
Provides safe drinking water to the 43 households and the school at low cost. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Pipe scheme and cover of the reservoir, should be cleaned regularly. If any leakages occurs in the pipes or reservoir, they should be sealed. Water taps and water tanks should be properly maintained.
This technology has been applied in a low slope/latitude where the water flows with a very low speed and the application of other technologies was difficult. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Protect from sedimentation.
The hydraulic flange pump is produced locally. Procurement and installment of the pump contributes therefore to local economic growth and private sector development. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Link the company to the other potential buyers.

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Social conflicts can occur during the distribution of water	The water in keeper/maintainer can be introduced by CDCs for the distribution of water.
Electricity cannot be produced by applying this technology. The slope and latitude of the location where the flange pump is installed is too small.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
It is difficult to apply the technology without any external and financial support.	Locally available materials should be used to reduce costs.
High level of technical knowledge is required for the establishment of the technology.	The technical knowledge should be transferred to the extension workers or local people to provide technical support in the future.
This technology needs regular maintenance and the reservoir has to be properly cleaned after heavy rainfalls.	The CDC should monitor maintenance activities by the caretaker as well as manage funds for maintenance costs.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information