Livestock herder the most resource destructive group. Their daily activity clock is tight and therefore can not attend mandatory village meetings. Can only be informed by their masters (WAKONDO)

Active participation of herder leader (WAKONDO) in management of grassland and riverine ecosystems (ប្រទេសតង់សានី)

Matumizi ya wamiliki wa mifugo (WAKONDO) katika hifadhi na matumizi bora ya nyanda za malisho na bionwai za mto.

ការពណ៌នា

Prevention and mitigation of the grazing land and riverine ecosystems through mandatory grassroots meetings, law enforcement and active participation and empowerment of herder leaders’ (masters of the most resource destructive group)

Aims / objectives: Aim/objectives: Empowering the village community, to take charge prevention and rehabilitation of the degraded and endangered grazing land and riverine ecosystem. Enhance SLM sustainability through agenda mainstreaming operationalization and formalization into existing information sharing and decision making forums. SLM be implemented through complementary and concerted efforts of the central government, local governments, grass roots institutions and the community at large. Community exposure to legal and policy framework guiding SLM and actively engaged in making informed decision.

Methods: Methods: The most resource destructive group is actively engaged and empowered to take the leading role in prevention and mitigation of the endangered and degrading riverine and grazing land ecosystems. SLM matters are formalized /operationalized and becomes permanent agenda in mandatory grassroots information sharing and decision making forums (sub village meetings, village assembly, ward development committee). The use of multi-sectorial concerted efforts that involves direct support by the central government in matters relating to SLM peace and tranquility (e.g. communities provided with mobile phone numbers for timely reporting of any destructive fire incidence and other environmental and peace threatening malpractices). Knowledge management and training (farmer capacity building) scaled up through adult learning methods (e.g. SLM demos). Active involvement of the most resource destructive group (herdsmen and their masters) in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, decision making and bylaw formation and reinforcement. Herders who usually suffer rights to information (due to their tight daily activity clock) are informed, lead and guided by their masters.

Stages of implementation: Implementation starts with land degradation analysis and identification of the red spots (land degradation problems) to be addressed. Development of community SLM site specific action plan indicating the degradation type, proposed prevention and mitigation intervention methods, conservation methodology/approach to use, inputs needed, people /stakeholder involvement and time frame, stakeholder awareness raising plan, training, education and capacity building. Roles distribution, joint implementation, monitoring and evaluation of community action plan.

Role of stakeholders: Community: take charge of SLM activities (e.g. land demarcation, planting of tree, reseeding of pasture, e.t.c.), potential informer of malpractices and play a role of grass roots community guard, detectors of SLM crimes are also responsible for up keeping of public order.
Sub and village governments: formation of village environmental committees, taking leading role in inclusion of SLM agendas in mandatory sub village and village meetings, community mobilization and law enforcement.
WAKONDO: forms the core stakeholders in this approach (as experience shows that herders are the major source of uncontrolled fire burning and intruders of riverine ecosystems), participate in decision making and bylaw formation, guide and frequently remind and lead herders how and where to graze, interpreted bylaws to herders so that they make wise and informed decision and liaise herders with sub village and village government.
Environmental committee: law enforcers, environmental patrollers, direct involvement in SLM activities, awareness creation through various means e.g. use of posters.
District council: Awareness creetion, training, education and capacity building and interpreting to the community laws and policy guiding SLM.
Central government: SLM peace and tranquility and law enforcement.

Other important information: The basic principle underlying this approach is facing SLM through multi-sectorial collaboration and active participation of the most resource destructive group of the community. The average annual costs needed in running the approach is > 2000 USD.

ទីតាំង

ទីតាំង: Missenyi/Kitobo/Kyazi, Tanzania/Kagera, ប្រទេសតង់សានី

ចំណុចយោងភូមិសាស្ត្រនៃទីតាំងជ្រើសរើស
  • មិនមាន

កាលបរិច្ឆេទចាប់ផ្តើម: 2012

ឆ្នាំបញ្ចប់: 2014

ប្រភេទនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
A member of the village environmental committee interacting with the herdsmen during his routine field monitoring/patrol visit. (Egidius Pancras (Box 38 Kyaka Missenyi Kagera Tanzania))
Livestock herder the most resource destructive group. Their daily activity clock is tight and therefore can not attend mandatory village meetings. Can only be informed by their masters (WAKONDO). (Egidius Pancras (Box 38 Kyaka Missenyi Kagera Tanzania))

គោលបំណងនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយនិងបរិស្ថានអំណោយផល

គោលបំណងនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities

Empowering and involvement of the community by building confidence, ownership and capacity to take charge prevention and mitigation of the degraded and endangered grazing land and riverine ecosystem. Establishment of active and reliable environmental committee. Make SLM to be permanent agenda and formalized into existing information sharing and decision making forums.
SLM be implemented through complementary and concerted efforts of the central government, local governments, grass roots institutions and the community at large.


The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Overgrazing and uncontrolled fire burning by herders, who undertake animal caring for WAKONDO (livestock owners), their activity clock is usually occupied and is under the control of their masters, they are voice less, no access to information about SLM, weak and have no power in decision making.
WAKONDO not adequately and effectively engaged in planning and implementing SML activities.
Dormant and inactive environmental committee coupled with lack of SLM technical knowledge.
No clearly defined grassroots forums for developing and dealing permanently with SLM agendas.
Weak, conflicting and disjointed efforts invested to environmental conservation.
លក្ខខណ្ឌអំណោយផលដល់ការអនុវត្តបចេ្ចកទេសដែលបានប្រើក្នុងវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
  • ក្របខណ្ឌច្បាប់ (សិទ្ធិកាន់កាប់ដីធ្លី កម្មសិទ្ធីប្រើប្រាស់ដីនិងទឹក): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: The current bylaws contribute significantly in adherence to environmental conservation and approach objectives.
លក្ខខណ្ឌរាងរាំងដល់ការអនុវត្តបចេ្ចកទេសដែលបានប្រើក្នុងវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
  • សង្គម/វប្បធម៌/ និងតម្លៃនៃសាសនា: Poor grazing techniques characterized by overgrazing and uncontrolled fire burning. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Active training and engagement of WAKONDO (cattle owners) in planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and SLM decision making.
  • ភាពអាចរកបាននៃធនធានហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ និងសេវាកម្ម: Low quick financial realization by members of the village community who invest their valuable time in SLM (e.g. members of environmental committee) Treatment through the SLM Approach: Introduce environmental based quick win project (QWP) and income generating activities (IGA).
  • បរិបទនៃស្ថាប័ន: Weak and ineffective commitment of the local governments at the grassroots level (sub village, village and ward). Treatment through the SLM Approach: SLM be formalized as one of the permanent agenda in grassroots planning and decision making forums (mandatory village and sub village meetings).
  • ក្របខណ្ឌច្បាប់ (សិទ្ធិកាន់កាប់ដីធ្លី កម្មសិទ្ធីប្រើប្រាស់ដីនិងទឹក): Unlimited and uncoordinated use of grazing and riverine resources. Inadequate law enforcement. Low engagement of the central government (law enforcers and observers of peace and tranquility). Treatment through the SLM Approach: Demarcation and encrosure of engendered grazing land and riverine ecosystems coupled with use of sign/warning posters. Active engagement of the central government (law enforcers and observers of peace and tranquility) e.g. community awareness and access to DCs phone for reporting crimes and any environmental threatening malpractices.
  • ចំណេះដឹងស្តីពី SLM និងការទទួលបានការគាំទ្រផ្នែកបច្ចេកទេស: Unintended results in management of the grazing land ecosystem (e.g. emergency of invasive species) Treatment through the SLM Approach: Research and find alternative use of the invasive species and mobilize for controlled and organized consumption.
  • ទំហំការងារ ភាពអាចរកបាននៃកម្លាំងពលកម្ម: High work load to members of village environmental committee. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Development of regular time table and are the priority and potential beneficiaries of IGA.

ការចូលរួមនិងតួរនាតីរបស់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលចូលរួម

ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធដែលចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ​ និងតួរនាទីរបស់គាត់
តើមានភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធ/ភ្នាក់ងារអនុវត្តន៍ណាខ្លះដែលបានចូលរួមក្នុងវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ? សូមបញ្ជាក់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធ សូមពណ៌នាតួនាទីរបស់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធ
អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងតំបន់/សហគមន៍ Community at large, Environmental groups/commitees, WAKONDO and herders. Individual local communities (youth, elders, male and females) Farmer groups, environmental committees (males and females). Almost gender balanced environmental committee, active participation of the youth and indiscriminate participation of disabled (as a matter of fact the chairperson of environmental committee is an handicapped)
អ្នកឯកទេសគ្រប់គ្រងដីប្រកបដោយចីរភាព/ទីប្រឹក្សាបច្ចេកទេសកសិកម្ម Site facilitators (all males), District SLM multidicipline team (femals and males) . District Planning Team
រដ្ឋាភិបាលថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន District, Village and Sub village governmen, village leaders and ward community representatives (Councilors).
រដ្ឋាភិបាលថ្នាក់ជាតិ (អ្នករៀបចំផែនការ អ្នកសម្រេចចិត្ត) Central Government
អង្គការអន្តរជាតិ Transboundary Agroecosystem Project (TAMP)
ការចូលរួមពីអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីឬសហគមមូលដ្ឋាន​ក្នុងតំណាក់កាលផ្សេងគ្នានៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
គ្មាន
អសកម្ម
ការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ
អន្តរកម្ម
គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្ឡួនឯង
ការចាប់ផ្តើម/ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត
Village council members and field experts - sensitization and awareness creation meetings.
ការរៀបចំផែនការ
Village government, community and site facilitators - SLM planning meetings.
ការអនុវត្តន៍
Village government, community, groups and committees and site facilitators - Actual implementation of community site specific action plan.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ
Village government, community, groups and committees and site facilitators - Actual monitoring and evaluation of community site specific action plan.
Research
Village government, community, groups and committees and site facilitators - client focused research to deal with undesirable and unintended results (e.g. on how to handle invasive species).
គំនូសបំព្រួញ

ការសម្រេចចិត្តលើការជ្រើសរើសបច្ចេកទេស SLM

ការសម្រេចចិត្តត្រូវបានធ្វើដោយ

  • អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីដោយខ្លួនឯងផ្ទាល់ (គំនិតផ្តួចផ្តើមដោយខ្លួនឯង)
  • អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី ដោយមានការគាំទ្រពីអ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM
  • គ្រប់ភាគីពាក់ព័ន្ធទាំងអស់ដែលជាផ្នែកនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយដោយមានការចូលរួម
  • អ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM បន្ទាប់ពីបានប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ជាមួយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • អ្នកជំនាញឯកទេស SLM តែឯង
  • អ្នកនយោបាយ /អ្នកដឹកនាំ

ការសម្រេចចិត្តត្រូវបានធ្វើដោយផ្អែកលើ៖

  • វាយតម្លៃទៅលើចំណេះដឹងស្តីអំពី SLM ដែលបានចងក្រងជាឯកសារបានត្រឹមត្រូវ (ផ្អែកលើភស្តុតាងជាមូលដ្ឋានដើម្បីសម្រេចចិត្ត)
  • លទ្ធផលបានពីការស្រាវជ្រាវ
  • បទពិសោធន៍ និងគំនិតផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន(ពុំមានចងក្រងជាឯកសារ)

ការគាំទ្របច្ចេកទេស ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព និងការគ្រប់គ្រងចំណេះដឹង

សកម្មភាព ឬសេវាកម្មខាងក្រោមបានប្រើជាផ្នែកនៃវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ ការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល
ការបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបានផ្តល់ដល់អ្នកពាក់ព័ន្ធដូចខាងក្រោម
  • អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • បុគ្គលិកចុះទីវាល/អ្នកផ្តល់ប្រឹក្សាយោបល់
  • leaders and politicians
ទម្រង់នៃការបណ្តុះបណ្តាល
  • អនុវត្តន៍ជាមួយការងារ
  • ពីកសិករទីកសិករ
  • ទីតាំងបង្ហាញ
  • ការប្រជុំជាសាធារណៈ
  • វគ្គបណ្តុះបណ្តាល
  • special and adhoc serminars
មុខវិទ្យាដែលបានបញ្ចូល

Fire control, grazing management, forest management, pasture establishment and use of bylaws.

សេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សា
សេវាកម្មប្រឹក្សាត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យ
  • នៅលើដីរបស់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • នៅមជ្ឈមណ្ឌលជាអចិន្ត្រៃ
Name of method used for advisory service: Group method ; Key elements: Site vist and stakeholders visit, Group discussion, interaction and concensus building, local knowledge and technical knowledge balanced in a comprementary manner; Land users were visited by the experts and discussions held either on the site or elsewhere.

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is shortage of staff and the few staff have high workload/are given multiple tasks.
ការពង្រឹងស្ថាប័ន
ស្ថាប័នត្រូវបានព្រឹង/ បង្កើត
  • ទេ
  • បាទ/ច៎ា តិចតួច
  • បាទ/ច៎ា ជាមធ្យម
  • បាទ/ច៎ា បានខ្លាំង
នៅកម្រិតដូចខាងក្រោម
  • ថ្នាក់មូលដ្ឋាន
  • កម្រិតថ្នាក់តំបន់
  • កម្រិតថ្នាក់ជាតិ
ពិពណនាស្ថាប័ន៖ តួនាទី និងការទទួលខុសត្រូវ សមាជិក ។ល។
ប្រភេទនៃការគាំទ្រ
  • ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ
  • ការកសាងសមត្ថភាព/ បណ្តុះបណ្តាល
  • សម្ភារៈ
សេចក្តីលម្អិតបន្ថែមទៀត
Members of environmental committee were provided with various SLM trainings.
ការត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងវាយតម្លៃ
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: number of pasture growing species technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: percentage increase in vergetation cover socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through observations; indicators: incedences of fire burning economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: number of grass bundles harvested area treated aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: % hacterage protected and harvested no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: number of adopters/participants management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: Number of FFS, Demos and IGA, patrols meetings There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: arrangement for the community to find alternative uses of unintended products in pasture establishment (alternative use of invasive species) . There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and evaluation revealed the need to integrate SLM quick win project/IGA as stimulus factor to members of environmental committee who spend their valuable time in performing SLM activities.

ការផ្តល់ថវិកា និងការគាំទ្រសម្ភារពីខាងក្រៅ

ថវិកាប្រចាំឆ្នាំគិតជាដុល្លាអាមេរិក​សម្រាប់ផ្នែក SLM
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: មិនមាន
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Transboundary Agroecosystem project): 25.0%; government (Central Government ): 5.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Village government and District council ): 18.0%; local community / land user(s) (Community, groups, village invironmental commitees ): 52.0%
សេវាកម្ម និងការលើកទឹកចិត្តខាងក្រោមត្រូវបានផ្តល់ដល់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • ការគាំទ្រផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ / សម្ភារៈដែលបានផ្តល់ទៅឱ្យអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • បដិភាគសម្រាប់ធាតុចូលជាក់លាក់
  • ឥណទាន
  • ការលើកទឹកចិត្ត ឬវិធីសាស្ត្រដ៏ទៃទៀត
ការគាំទ្រថវិការ/​ សម្ភារដែលបានផ្តល់ដល់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
ផ្តល់ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុមួយផ្នែក
ផ្តល់ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុទាំងស្រុង
កសិកម្ម: គ្រាប់ពូជ

Pasture seed

កសិកម្ម: គ្រាប់ពូជ: ជី

DAP

កំលាំងពលកម្មដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីគឺ

ការវិភាគផលប៉ះពាល់ និងសេចក្តីសន្និដ្ឋាន

ឥទ្ធិពលនៃវិធីសាស្រ្តផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
ទេ
បាទ/ច៎ា បន្តិចបន្តួច
បាទ/ច៎ា ជាមធ្យម
បាទ/ច៎ា បានខ្លាំង
តើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយជួយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីដើម្បីអនុវត្តន៍ និងថែទាំបច្ចេកទេស SLM?

Improvement of vegetation cover through controlled fire burning, livelihood diversification through sell of mulching and pasture materials, protection of the grazing land and riverine ecosystem ensured through area enclosure, demarcation and controlled harvesting of mulching and pasture materials.

តើវិធីសាស្ត្រផ្សព្វផ្សាយនេះផ្តល់សិទ្ធិអំណាចដល់សង្គមនិងសេដ្ឋកិច្ចដែលក្រុមមិនទទួលបានផលប្រយោជន៍?

Youth, women and the disabled interms of livelihood and income

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

ការជំរុញទឹកចិត្តសំខាន់បំផុតនៃអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីក្នុងការអនុវត្ត SLM
  • បង្កើនផលិតកម្ម
  • បង្កើនប្រាក់ចំណេញ (សមត្ថភាព) បង្កើនអត្រាចំណេញ
  • ការកាត់បន្ថយការធ្លាក់ចុះគុណភាពដី
  • កាត់បន្ថយហានិភ័យនៃគ្រោះមហន្តរាយ
  • កាត់បន្ថយទំហំការងារ
  • ការចំណាយ/បដិភាគ
  • ច្បាប់ និងបទបញ្ជា (ផាកពិន័យ)/ការប្រតិបត្តិ
  • កិត្តិនាម សម្ពាធសង្គម/ការផ្សាភ្ជាប់ទៅនឹងសង្គម
  • ការផ្សារភ្ជាប់ទៅនឹងចលនា/គម្រោង/ក្រុម/បណ្តាញ
  • ពង្រឹងស្មារតីផ្នែកបរិស្ថាន
  • ទម្លាប់ និងជំនឿ សីលធម៌
  • លើកកម្ពស់ចំណេះដឹង និងជំនាញ SLM
  • ការកែលម្អសោភ័ណ្ឌភាព
  • ការកាត់បន្ថយជម្លោះ
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
និរន្តរភាពនៃសកម្មភាពផ្សព្វផ្សាយ
តើអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីអាចបន្តដោយនិរន្តរភាពនូវអ្វីដែលបានអនុវត្តតាមរយៈការផ្សព្វផ្សាយ (ដោយមិនមានការគាំទ្រពីខាងក្រៅ)?
  • ទេ
  • បាទ/ចា៎
  • មិនប្រាកដ

Because the approach is internationalized and formalized into the existing systems (e.g. SLM becomes permanent agenda in mandatory sub village and village meetings). The use of goat loan IGA project where farmers are given goats on loan bases and pay goats which are then passed and spread to more of their fellow farmer can continue without support. Involvement of central government e.g. access of district commissioners and divisional officers phone is a reliable SLM crime control mechanisms which does not require any of external support (a mere text message can save and protect abundant hectare of land).

សេក្តីសន្និដ្ឋាន និងមេរៀនបទពិសោធន៍

ភាពខ្លាំង: ទស្សនៈអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី
  • Improvement of the natural vegetation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To continue community education )
  • Availability of mulching materials (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Controlled harvesting and fire prevention )
  • Availability of fuel wood (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Permanent and routine guard )
ភាពខ្លាំង: ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកចងក្រង ឬបុគ្គលសំខាន់ផ្សេងទៀត
  • Incorporation internalization of SLM as permanent agenda in reliable mandatory grassroots forums (sub village and village meetings) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue internalization and SLM promotion through use of existing forums.)
  • Involvement of the central government (a mere text message can save and rescue abundance of hectare). (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue use of the central government.)
  • Empowerment and active participation of the the most resource destructive and environmental threatening group (livestock keepers). (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue use of WAKONDO (livestock owners) in planning, implementation and deciding SLM activities. )
  • Use of self spreading IGA to motivate environmental committee members who spend their valuable time in SLM activities (e.g. goat loan projects). (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue promotion, expansion and sustaining of self spreading IGAs.)
  • Dialogue and communication takes into consideration the daily activity clock of the stakeholder (through this principle WAKONDO can deliver SLM messages to herdsmen rather than SLM specialist) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Daily activity clock continue to be a criteria for planning SLM dialogue and communication.)
ចំណុចខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ​ : ទស្សនៈអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដីវិធីដោះស្រាយ
  • shortage of working gears (umbrella, gumboots, raincoats and stationary) Ensure availability of working gears (e.g. SLM penalties be used to cover the costs of working gears).
  • Inadequate fund to support IGA Commit adequate fund to support and expand IGA.
  • Violation of rules and procedures by some untrustworthy individuals Strengthen law enforcement (use of penalties, court and ward tribunals)
  • No reliable transport for village environmental committees. Ensure reliable transport for the village environmental committee.
ចំណុចខ្សោយ/ គុណវិបត្តិ/ ហានិភ័យ​ : ទស្សនៈរបស់អ្នកចងក្រង ឬបុគ្គលសំខាន់ផ្សេងទៀតវិធីដោះស្រាយ
  • Existence of untrained-able and lazy herdsmen and less committed WAKONDO. Strengthen law enforcement (e.g. use of penalties)
  • No reliable forum to collaborate with supplier of inputs and research as a results failure to figure out the reasons for unintended results (for this case unpalatable alien/native species overshadowed the palatable pasture and the reasons were not known) Strengthen collaborations with Research and supplier of inputs (pasture seeds e.t.c.).

ឯកសារយោង

អ្នកចងក្រង
  • ALLAN BUBELWA
Editors
អ្នកត្រួតពិនិត្យ
  • Fabian Ottiger
កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការអនុវត្ត: 3 ខែ មិថុនា ឆ្នាំ 2014
កែតម្រូវចុងក្រោយ: 6 ខែ កក្កដា ឆ្នាំ 2017
បុគ្គលសំខាន់ៗ
ការពណ៌នាលម្អិតក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធគ្រប់គ្រងទិន្នន័យរបស់វ៉ូខេត
ទិន្នន័យ SLM ភ្ជាប់ជាមួយ
ឯកសារនេះត្រូវបានសម្របសម្រួលដោយ
ស្ថាប័ន៖ គម្រោង
ឯកសារយោងសំខាន់ៗ
  • A report on Kyazi Microcatchment Characteriaztion :
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