The productivity of modern intensive livestock management systems in northern Uganda is highly constrained by increasing household land shortage, poor quality pastures and rampant spread of livestock pests and diseases. Thus a large number of improved cattle are reared in closed systems where they are fed, treated and supervised. Some bulk feeds are grown on the same farm and the manure from the livestock housing units is used to improve soil fertility and crop yields of the same farm.
Improved breeds of cattle (75% Friesian and 25% local) are reared in paddocked land area of an average in 8 hectares, within which the animals are fed, watered and managed with medication. Approximately 25% of this land area is devoted to livestock structures, in which up to 64 Friesians are kept. The rest of the land is planted with improved pastures as well as other crops such as maize (Zea mays), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), fruit trees and vegetables. Manure is collected daily from an assembly point and applied to the crops. Improved pastures are also used for silage. The system further provides manure, which is valuable for soil fertility improvement in crop fields. Moreover, the confinement of the livestock system helps to reduce conflicts experienced in traditional free range grazing areas.
The approach and materials used in this intensive dairy cattle rearing system in northern Uganda closely follows specification for dairy cattle barns in New Zealand (www.simpleshelter.co.nz/). When properly implemented, the financial returns are substantial in the long term. However, establishment costs are relatively high for most average smallholder farmers in northern Uganda. The sustainable land management (SLM) benefits from this system justify its adoption, although carbon balance needs to be independently assessed.
ទីតាំង: Gulu district, Northern region, អ៊ូហ្គង់ដា
ចំនួនទីកន្លែងបច្ចេកទេស ដែលវិភាគ: មួយកន្លែង
ការសាយភាយនៃបច្ចេកទេស: អនុវត្តនៅកន្លែងជាក់លាក់មួយ/ ប្រមូលផ្តុំនៅតំបន់តូចៗ
តើស្ថិតក្នុងតំបន់ការពារអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍?:
កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការអនុវត្ត: 2007; 10-50 ឆ្នាំ
ប្រភេទនៃការណែនាំឱ្យអនុវត្តន៍៖
ប្រភេទពូជ | ចំនួន |
សត្វពាហនៈ - សត្វចិញ្ចឹមយកទឹកដោះ | 64 |
បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល | ឯកតា | បរិមាណ | ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា (UGX) | ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប (UGX) | % នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី |
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម | |||||
Procure stock | Pieces | 10,0 | 200000,0 | 2000000,0 | 100,0 |
Survey and map land | Pieces | 1,0 | 23000000,0 | 23000000,0 | 100,0 |
Slash, cut trees, remove stumps | Person-days | 60,0 | 5000,0 | 300000,0 | 100,0 |
សម្ភារៈ | |||||
Plant maize | Person-days | 10,0 | 5000,0 | 50000,0 | 100,0 |
Weed maize | Person-days | 20,0 | 5000,0 | 100000,0 | 100,0 |
Cut maize to make silage | Person-days | 20,0 | 500,0 | 10000,0 | 100,0 |
Tractor, pump, water tank, piping | Pieces | 1,0 | 7500000,0 | 7500000,0 | 100,0 |
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ | |||||
Maize seed | Kg | 325,0 | 5000,0 | 1625000,0 | 100,0 |
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល | |||||
NPK fertilizers | Kg | 1500,0 | 3000,0 | 4500000,0 | 100,0 |
សម្ភារៈសាងសង់ | |||||
Prefabs, roofing, bricks, sand, cement and construction costs | Pieces | 1,0 | 5000,0 | 5000,0 | |
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស | 39'090'000.0 | ||||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ | 11'497.06 |
បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល | ឯកតា | បរិមាណ | ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា (UGX) | ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប (UGX) | % នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី |
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម | |||||
persons days paid monthly | persons | 50,0 | 150000,0 | 7500000,0 | 100,0 |
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល | |||||
Vaccines monthly | 1 | 30,0 | |||
ផ្សេងៗ | |||||
Servicing and mainting equipemnt monthly | 1 | 30,0 | |||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេស | 7'500'000.0 | ||||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ | 2'205.88 |
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Subsistence
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Enough to feed over 60 hybrid cows.
Maize and cow peas as feed supplements.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 0
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Bananas and fruit orchard introduced
Application of manure.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 0
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Enough for 60 cow all-year around
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Feeds over 60 cows
Planted maize and cow peas.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 0
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: >60
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Dependent on rainfall availability
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Managed crop and water production
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Cereals only
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Mixed crop and livestock production
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 20 acres
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 20 acres
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Communal
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Individual
Application of animal manure from the cows
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 0
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Pumped from underground water.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None available
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Safe drinking water for humans and livestock.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Available
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Safe, clean drinking water.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Tractors/ dairy industry tools and machinery
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Hand hoe
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Subsistent
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Commercial
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Subsistence
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Dairy products
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 20 -50 employees
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Single households
Enough employees employed to work on farm.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: No training facility for the community
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Dairy farming training and extension for community
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Subsistence
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Surplus production
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Low
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: High
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Individual pumped water
គុណភាពមុន SLM: No training center in area
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: High-end veterinary training and extension facility
គុណភាពមុន SLM: No record
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Proper records including digital research weather station
គុណភាពមុន SLM: High runoff
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: High retension
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Available drinking water
គុណភាពមុន SLM: No management measures
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Management measures in place
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Low
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Very high
Increased ground cover ensures high soil moisture on cropland.
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Planted grasses, cereals, legumes and fruit trees
គុណភាពមុន SLM: None
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Farmyard manuring
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Not managed
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Properly managed through "turning"
គុណភាពមុន SLM: A few crops during rainy season
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Intensive fodder cropping to meet needs for dairy farming
គុណភាពមុន SLM: No animals
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Cows on dairy farm
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Dairy Farm Production
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: Subsistence crop production
Dairy cows emit methane and mechanisation involves burning fossil fuels both of which leave a bigger carbon footprint than the is counterbalanced by the crops that are grown for forder. Good management of the plant biodiversity at the stream banks helps offset the carbon footprint somehow but may not be sufficient
គុណភាពមុន SLM: Dairy farming
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: No livestock