Technological recommendations are presented to increase the productivity of degraded pastures, one of the main problems of cattle raising in the Orinoquia. It is a technology of easy application by farmers, which is carried out according to the degree of degradation of the pastures. In the case of pastures that have large amount of grasses, but their vigor is low and forage production is slow, it is recommended to recover pastures. When the grass population is low and the pasture has been invaded by other species that cannot be used to feed the livestock, it is necessary to renovate pastures.
For the recovery, vertical tillage as chisel plow is recommended, at a shallow depth to avoid the damage caused by the agricultural machinery. This tillage has to be complemented with fertilization with minerals such as phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N).
For the renovation of pastures, the used species are Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa humidicola, Urochloa brizantha, and other hybrids of Urochloa. It is recommended more intense tillage of the soil through mechanical implements, such as the spike harrow or disk harrow, complemented with fertilization. In addition, soil cover, N content, and soil nutrition can be improved by introducing legumes such as Pueraria phaseoloides cv Kudzu tropical, Stylosanthes capitata cv Capica, Desmodium heterocarpum cv Maquenque, or forage peanut (Arachis pintoi).
In the renewed grasslands the forage production increased by more than 100% for at least three consecutive years. On the other hand, as a result of the efficient association of forage legumes with grasses, animal productivity is 50% higher than in pure grass pastures fertilized with 50 kg/ha of nitrogen.
Pasture improvement is a good SLM practice since it results in a higher vegetation cover that protects the soil and, over time, leads to an increase in organic matter and soil biota.
The grassland recovery and renovation should be complemented by good grazing cattle management, which is restarted 2 to 3 months after the treatments have been applied. It is recommended to divide the paddocks for rotational grazing to allow the grasses to rest and produce new shoots and avoid overgrazing, which can cause further deterioration of the pastures.
With the renovation and good grassland management, animal production increased by 160-300% compared to degraded grasslands. On the other hand, daily milk production per cow increased by 22%, and milk produced during lactation in one hectare increased by 175%.
In the improved pastures, more animals can be grazed on a smaller area, which reduces the area devoted to livestock farming and reduces the pressure on forests that have traditionally been cleared for pasture.
ទីតាំង: Departamentos del Meta, Vichada, Casanare, ប្រទេសកូឡុំប៊ី
ចំនួនទីកន្លែងបច្ចេកទេស ដែលវិភាគ: 10-100 កន្លែង
ការសាយភាយនៃបច្ចេកទេស: ត្រូវបានផ្សព្វផ្សាយត្រឹមតំបន់មួយ
តើស្ថិតក្នុងតំបន់ការពារអចិន្ត្រៃយ៍?: ទេ
កាលបរិច្ឆេទនៃការអនុវត្ត: 1999; 10-50 ឆ្នាំ
ប្រភេទនៃការណែនាំឱ្យអនុវត្តន៍៖
ប្រភេទពូជ | Count |
សត្វពាហនៈ - សត្វចិញ្ចឹមយកទឹកដោះ | មិនមាន |
សត្វពាហនៈ - សត្វចិញ្ចឹមមិនយកទឹកដោះតែសម្រាប់យកសាច់ | មិនមាន |
បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល | ឯកតា | បរិមាណ | ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា (មិនមាន) | ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប (មិនមាន) | % នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី |
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម | |||||
Siembra y fertilización | 0,5 | 65000,0 | 32500,0 | ||
Control de hormigas en la siembra | 1,0 | 65000,0 | 65000,0 | ||
សម្ភារៈ | |||||
Pase de cincel | 1,0 | 100000,0 | 100000,0 | ||
Pase de rastra | 1,0 | 100000,0 | 100000,0 | ||
Pase de pulidor | 1,0 | 80000,0 | 80000,0 | ||
Siembra y aplicación de fertilizantes con encaladora | 1,0 | 80000,0 | 80000,0 | ||
Control de malezas de fumigación | 1,0 | 80000,0 | 80000,0 | ||
សម្ភារៈដាំដុះ | |||||
Semilla de pasto | 6,0 | 40000,0 | 240000,0 | ||
Semilla de leguminosa (ej. Desmodium heterocarpon) | 0,5 | 100000,0 | 50000,0 | ||
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល | |||||
Cal dolomítica | 8,0 | 11000,0 | 88000,0 | ||
Escorias Tomas | 12,0 | 25000,0 | 300000,0 | ||
Yeso agrícola | 3,0 | 28000,0 | 84000,0 | ||
Cloruro de potasio | 1,0 | 86000,0 | 86000,0 | ||
Insecticida para control de hormiga | 1,0 | 7000,0 | 7000,0 | ||
Herbicida para control de arvenses antes de siembra | 2,0 | 17000,0 | 34000,0 | ||
ផ្សេងៗ | |||||
Transporte externo de insumos | 1400,0 | 60,0 | 84000,0 | ||
Transporte interno de insumos | 1200,0 | 40,0 | 48000,0 | ||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេស | 1'558'500.0 | ||||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបក្នុងការបង្កើតបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ | 410.13 |
បញ្ជាក់ពីធាតុចូល | ឯកតា | បរិមាណ | ថ្លៃដើមក្នុងមួយឯកតា (មិនមាន) | ថ្លៃធាតុចូលសរុប (មិនមាន) | % នៃថ្លៃដើមដែលចំណាយដោយអ្នកប្រើប្រាស់ដី |
កម្លាំងពលកម្ម | |||||
Aplicación de abonos de mantenimiento | Jornal | 0,5 | 65000,0 | 32500,0 | |
សម្ភារៈ | |||||
Voleadora para aplicar los abonos | pase | 1,0 | 80000,0 | 80000,0 | |
ជី និងសារធាតុពុល | |||||
Fosfato diamonico | Bulto de 50 kg | 2,0 | 105000,0 | 210000,0 | |
Sulfato de magnesio | Bulto de 50 kg | 2,0 | 64000,0 | 128000,0 | |
Cloruro de potasio | Bulto de 50 kg | 1,0 | 86000,0 | 86000,0 | |
ផ្សេងៗ | |||||
Transporte externo de insumos | 250,0 | 60,0 | 15000,0 | ||
Transporte interno de insumos | 250,0 | 40,0 | 10000,0 | ||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេស | 561'500.0 | ||||
ថ្លៃដើមសរុបសម្រាប់ការថែទាំដំណាំតាមបច្ចេកទេសគិតជាដុល្លារ | 147.76 |
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 700 kgMS/h
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 1200 kgMS/h
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 7% proteína cruda
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 9% proteína cruda
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 110 kg/ha/año de carne
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 475 kg(ha/año de carne)
Es la productividad de de carne bovina
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 0
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: $863.000/ha/año
Uso de abonos
por mayor ganancia de peso de los animales
គុណភាពមុន SLM: $495.000/ha/año
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 2.175.200/ha/año
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 50%
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 80%
Cobertura del suelo con las especies forrajeras
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 1,5 g/cc
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 1,2 g/cc
Densidad aparente disminuyó por cobertura del suelo
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 50%
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 80%
គុណភាពមុន SLM: 700 kgMS/ha
គុណភាពក្រោយ SLM: 1200 kgMS/ha