Vermicomposting (ប្រទេសប៊ូតង់)

Vermicomposting is the practice of composting organic waste products with the aid of various types of worms. These worms aid the decomposition of organic materials, including kitchen leftovers and yard trash, resulting in the production of compost that is abundant in nutrients.

Vermicomposting is where organic wastes are broken down by redworms (Eisenia fetida or Lumbricus rubellus) and other types of earthworms. The worms produce nutrient-rich castings, which are valuable natural fertilizers for plants and enhance soil health. Vermicomposting is an effective and environmentally acceptable approach to recycle organic waste and produces a valuable resource for farming and gardening (Grant, 2021).
The raw substrate is initially ground in the gizzard to create smaller particles, increasing the surface area during the vermicomposting process. Earthworm gut microorganisms and digestive enzymes continue to work on the material to create a fine granular product that is rich in healthy nutrients and microbiota (Sharma & Garg, 2017). Vermicomposting is popular in urban gardening and horticulture, where space and resource constraints are common.
It is a sustainable and effective method for managing organic waste because it combines a number of essential traits and components. Firstly, it involves the usage of particular types of earthworms, such Eisenia fetida (red wigglers), which are renowned for their capacity to ingest enormous quantities of organic material. Maintaining optimum moisture levels, typically between 60 and 80 percent, is necessary for efficient vermicomposting. Another crucial component is aeration, which encourages aerobic decomposition and reduces odour. Vermicompost bins or beds are made with sufficient drainage and ventilation systems to do this. The ideal temperature range is between 15 o to 30 o C (Adhikary, 2012). Vermicomposting's goals and functions include waste reduction, improved soil fertility, soil restoration, sustainable agriculture, and easily accessible waste management.
Vermiculture encourages eco-friendly gardening and supports sustainable agriculture methods by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers. The initial expense and time needed to set up a vermicomposting system are two significant drawbacks. Another difficulty is the requirement for constant monitoring and upkeep, including controlling moisture levels, ensuring adequate aeration, and controlling temperature conditions. Poor environmental care can result in bad smells or even the death of earthworms.

Samtse's first and only vermicomposting facility in Norbugang gewog is performing successfully. The project, which began on a couple's farm near Bhimtar in December 2013, employs earthworms to convert organic waste into high-quality compost. It is the end result of the decomposition of organic elements by earthworms. The dzongkhag's assistant agricultural officer (ADAO) spearheaded the idea of establishing the compost plant, with assistance from the national organic program. The main substrate used for vermicomposting is cow dung and banana stems. The mixture is spread out as a bed inside the compost house for the earthworms to feed. The worms break down the mixture to produce vermicompost.
Initially, a kilogram of red earthworms (Eisenia foetida) were cultivated in a nursery. In a month, the nursery produced 10 kg, which was then employed in the project. According to Dibya Gurung, the worms needed 28 days to feed on the organic wastes in the existing compost house environment. Bhutanese farmers utilize vermicompost as a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer to enhance soil fertility and improve crop yields. This promote sustainable agriculture practices and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, aligning with Bhutan's goal of achieving food self-sufficiency.
There are currently 12 organic fertilizer producers in the Bhutan producing various types of compost, including vermi-compost, liquid fertilizer, bio-slurry compost, chicken manure, and EM solution. However, there is no record of a dedicated vermiculture enterprise in the nation, even though worms are required to make compost organic fertilizer, according to the National Soil Services Centre (NSSC), Department of Agriculture (DoA). For instance, the country generated 8130MT of organic fertilizers, according to the NSSC's annual report for 2021–2022 (Dorji, 2022).

ទីតាំង: Norbugang, Samtse, ប្រទេសប៊ូតង់

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