Maize field along contour lines. (Betty Adoch)
Improved Maize variety (Longe 10) is popularly grown in Northern Uganda due to its high yielding ability. Northern Uganda has a generally flat landscape although along the river banks it is slopy with high risk of soil erosion. This has motivated the land user to grow his maize along the slope using contour ploughing which is a sustainable land management practice. Contour farming is a practice of ploughing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. The contour lines create a water break which reduces rill and gully forms of soil erosion in case of heavy storms. The water break allows more time for more water to percolate/sink into the soil, thus reducing the amount of water left to run off the surface. Northern Uganda has a tropical savanna climate with one growing season. Rainfall is usually moderate ranging from 1000-1500 mm per annum and sometimes occurs with heavy storms. Rainfall is received from April to November with a dry spell in June and July which affects crop growth.
The maize was grown for commercial purposes in a 25 x 25 acres of land on contour lines with the aim of controlling soil erosion, and increase plant nutrients, soil moisture, productivity and household income. The maize is planted along the contour lines at a spacing of 30 cm between the maize plants and of 1 meter between the rows that runs across the contour field. Holes for planting maize are dug at a depth of 30 cm along the contours with four maize seeds planted per hole and covered with soil immediately since the contours creates a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during heavy water run-off which is a major cause of soil erosion.
The activities involved in establishing such a technology include clearing the field during the dry season in March and second ploughing in early April to alter the soil and allow proper decomposition of the grass and also creating contours during planting in early April at the onset of the rainy season. Weeding is done twice, first two weeks after maize germination in late April, and lastly in June.
Inputs needed to establish the technology include ox-plough, hoes, and pangas used to clear the field. Inputs for maintaining the technology include hoes for weeding the maize crop and also checking that the contours are not destroyed by the run-off.
The technology is liked because it is good at controlling soil erosion on the gently sloping field, increases plant nutrients and soil moisture, and increases productivity. But it is disadvantageous when contours collapse which is accelerating the speed of surface run-off.
ສະຖານທີ່: Gulu district, Northern Uganda., ອູເຈນດາ
ຈໍານວນ ພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ໄດ້ວິເຄາະ: ພື້ນທີ່ດຽວ
ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ: ແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍຢ່າງໄວວາໃນພື້ນທີ່ (approx. < 0.1 ກິໂລແມັດ2 (10 ເຮັກຕາ))
ວັນທີຂອງການປະຕິບັດ: ຕໍ່າກວ່າ 10 ປີ ຜ່ານມາ (ມາເຖິງປະຈຸບັນ)
ປະເພດຂອງການນໍາສະເໜີ
| ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ | ຫົວໜ່ວຍ | ປະລິມານ | ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ (UGX) | ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ (UGX) | % ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ |
| ແຮງງານ | |||||
| Clearing land | days | 30.0 | 5000.0 | 150000.0 | 100.0 |
| Ox-ploughing | days | 5.0 | 40000.0 | 200000.0 | 100.0 |
| ອຸປະກອນ | |||||
| Ox-plough | pices | 5.0 | 20000.0 | 100000.0 | 100.0 |
| Hoes for digging left over grass | pices | 10.0 | 12000.0 | 120000.0 | 100.0 |
| Pangas for cutting tress in the field | pices | 10.0 | 12000.0 | 120000.0 | 100.0 |
| ວັດສະດຸໃນການປູກ | |||||
| Seedlings | kgs | 150.0 | 6000.0 | 900000.0 | 100.0 |
| ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ | 1'590'000.0 | ||||
| ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ | ຫົວໜ່ວຍ | ປະລິມານ | ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ (UGX) | ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ (UGX) | % ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ |
| ແຮງງານ | |||||
| Weeding | days | 10.0 | 5000.0 | 50000.0 | 100.0 |
| Thining | days | 10.0 | 5000.0 | 50000.0 | 100.0 |
| ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ | 100'000.0 | ||||
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
SLM knowledge gained
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
SLM knowledge acquired
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
proper method of farming leading to increased yield and income through SLM knowledge
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
knowledge of SLM leading to increased yield
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
proper method of farming along a gentle slope using contours
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
water is collected in the trenches between the contours increasing the infiltration rates and leading to high moisture content in the soil.
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
the contours reduce the high rate of surface run-off.
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
high soil moisture due to high rate of infiltration along contour lines
ປະລິມານ ກ່ອນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: high
ປະລີມານ ຫຼັງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ: low
the low rate of soil erosion along the contours reduces sediment deposition downstream.
