Joint forest management
(ອິນເດຍ)
ຄຳອະທິບາຍ
Government and NGO supported community protection of forested catchments, through village-based Hill Resource Management Societies.
Aims / objectives: Joint forest management (JFM) in India emerged in the 1980s from community initiatives in forest protection. At that time, less than half of the official forest land had good tree cover. Forest protection groups took action, based on 'social fencing' of degraded forest land. JFM was adopted by support agencies - NGOs and Government (State Forest Department) - when its full potential was realised. It is an approach that leads to environmental and production benefits through community co-operation in natural resource management. State-supported JFM in Haryana began on a pilot basis in Sukhomajri village in 1976, and has built on the success of that initiative, spreading to a total of nearly 200 km2, covering 60 villages in Ambala and Yamunagar Districts. The National Joint Forest Management Resolution of 1990 supported the rights of forest communities country-wide. In the same year, the Haryana State Government signed an agreement with The Energy and Resources Institute (formerly TERI: Tata Energy Research Institute) - underpinned by financial support from the Ford Foundation - to help establish Hill Resource Management Societies (HRMS). These state-sponsored, village level societies are key to the success of JFM, and their links to the State Forest Department are crucial.
Methods: The founding principles of HRMS include appropriate social composition, accountability and conflict resolution. They are open to all members of the village communities - regardless of gender or caste - who pay membership fees, and are then officially registered. Management committees are elected, and each must include at least two women. The HRMS oversee forest catchment management activities by villagers, arrange distribution of irrigation water (where applicable) and liase with the State Forest Department and TERI. Hill Resource Management Societies derive income from non-timber forest products - particularly from sales of bhabbar grass (used for rope making) - and from water use charges. This income is managed by the HRMS and used for village development and community welfare. The HRMS plan activities together with the State Forest Department. Under the guidance of the HRMS, communities provide labour (for physical works in the catchment etc), which is partly paid, implement social fencing and share the multiple benefits. Where there is a water harvesting dam all members have the right to claim an equal share of the water, irrespective of whether they have land to irrigate or not.
ສະຖານທີ່
ສະຖານທີ່: Haryana State, Ambala amd Yamunanagar Districts, ອິນເດຍ
ການຄັດເລືອກພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ອີງໃສ່ຂໍ້ມູນທາງພູມີສາດ
ວັນທີເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ: 1976
ປີຂອງການສິ້ນສຸດ: n.a.
ປະເພດຂອງແນວທາງ
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ພື້ນເມືອງ / ທ້ອງຖີ່ນ
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ການລິເລີ່ມ ພາຍໃນປະເທດ ທີ່ຜ່ານມາ / ນະວັດຕະກໍາ
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ພາຍໃຕ້ໂຄງການ / ແຜນງານ
ເປົ້າໝາຍຂອງແນວທາງ ແລະ ການປົກປັກຮັກສາສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ
ເປົ້າໝາຍ / ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດແນວທາງ
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Forest conservation/ Livelihood enhancement/ institution building)
- develop democratic and powerful Hill Resource Management Societies. - protect the forest land, by means of local participatory governance, and thereby improve the flow of forest products. - boost agricultural productivity through irrigation in village fields from dams in the protected catchments
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - the main basic problem to be confronted was lack of control over the degradation of forest in the Shiwalik Hills which was leading to erosion and siltation of water bodies, and a lack of forest products/grazing. - there was no community organisation established to address these issues on land that was handed over to the village for management by the Forest Department. Clear felling for agriculture, increasing grazing pressure from large herds of cattle coupled with forest fires and reckless felling replaced the dense forests of Shiwaliks by bare hils with thorny bushes. The result was severe erosion on the hills (700T7ha/year) causing serious siltation in lakes/rivers and also affecting agricultural productivity, the primary source of livelihood of the area.
ເງື່ອນໄຂທີ່ສະໜັບສະໜູນໃຫ້ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ບົນພື້ນຖານແນວທາງ
ເງື່ອນໄຂທີ່ເຊື່ອງຊ້ອນໃຫ້ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ບົນພື້ນຖານແນວທາງ
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ສັງຄົມ / ວັດທະນະທໍາ / ມາດຕະຖານ ແລະ ຄຸນຄ່າທາງສາສະໜາ: Lack of local institution for natural resource management.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Set up Hill Resource Management Societies.
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ມີຄວາມສາມາດ / ເຂັ້າເຖິງຊັບພະຍາກອນດ້ານການເງິນ ແລະ ການບໍລິການ: Inadequate budget from Forest Department for implementation.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Water charges help to provide finance - but the State Government should assist more.
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ກ່ຽວກັບກົດໝາຍ (ສິດນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ, ສິດນໍາໃຊ້ນໍ້າ): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Ownership rights affected the approach to a great extent and in a positive way: user rights to forest land are made available equally to all, to reduce potential conflict between unequal 'land owners'.
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ຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ, ການເຂົ້າເຖິງການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານວິຊາການ: Inadequate appreciation/understanding of integrated soil and water conservation/production approach within Forest Department.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Build awareness in Forest Department.
ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ ແລະ ບົດບາດຂອງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ
ພາລະບົດບາດຂອງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ ທີ່ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດແນວທາງ
ແມ່ນໃຜ / ພາກສ່ວນໃດ ທີ່ເປັນເຈົ້າການ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີການ? |
ລະບຸ ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ |
ພັນລະນາ ບົດບາດ ໜ້າທີ່ ຂອງພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ |
ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ / ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ |
Forest dependent families, users of irrigated land |
Hill Resource Management Society was formed. There were moderate differences due to social and cultural practices. Women are active in only a few Hill Resource Management Societies, but at least two women must be on each management committee. Although at least one woman from each household is a member of HRMS, presence of women in meetings is found very thin. However, there are few HRMS where women are active.Each family of a village is eligible to become the member of the HRMS irrespective of their caste or economic status. The Executive Committee, who is responsible for the day-to-day functioning also consists of representatives of each caste/hamlets and from landless families (if any in the village). All decisions are taken in the meeting in presence of minimum1/3 of the members. |
ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ການນຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ / ທີ່ປຶກສາດ້ານກະສິກໍາ |
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ອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ ທີ່ບໍ່ຂື້ນກັບລັດຖະບານ |
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From 1990, TERI as facilitator. Ford foundation provided financial support to TERI from 1990 |
ພະນັກງານຂັ້ນສູນກາງ (ຜູ້ວາງແຜນ, ຜູ້ສ້າງນະໂຍບາຍ) |
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Between 1976 and 1990. Haryana forest department, central soil and water conservation institute |
ອົງການທີ່ເປັນຕົວແທນໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ
The Haryana Forest Department and the Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRT) of Chandigarh in cooperation with people of Sukhomajri village designed the approach in the beginning. TERI, an NGO has played a role in replicating the approach in other areas (more detail in Annexure).
ການລວບລວມເອົາຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ/ຊຸມຊົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດແນວທາງ ແຕ່ລະໄລຍະ
ບໍ່ມີ
ການບໍ່ປະຕິບັດ
ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກພາຍນອກ
ການຮ່ວມມື
ການນໍາໃໍຊ້ເອງ
ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ / ແຮງຈູງໃຈ
Mainly:public meetings; partly: rapid/participatory rural appraisal
ການວາງແຜນ
Mainly: rapid/participatory rural appraisal; partly: public meetings; Users have been involved in the preparation of 'Microplan' through PRA.
ການປະຕິບັດ
Mainly: responsibility for major steps; partly: casual labour; taking responsibility for organisation of casual labour Users have been providing 'social fencing' whereby they stopped taking livestock inside the forests and undertaken other regulatory measures for utilizing forests in a sustainable
ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ / ການປະເມີນຜົນ
Mainly: public meetings; partly: interviews/questionnaires; Users participated in vegetation surveys with the forest dept. And TERI to monitor the forest regeneration status. In case of institutional and socio-economic monitoring users were involved in group discussions and as key informant's interv
Research
Land users have tried improved variety of seeds on the land. Provided information/judgement in social science research.
ແຜ່ນວາດສະແດງ
PCCF: Principal Chief Conservator of Forests CF: Conservator of Forests DFO: Divisional Forest Officer RFO: Range Forest Officer HRMS: Hill Resources Management Societies Dy. RO(s): Deputy Range Offic
ການຕັດສິນໃຈໃນການເລືອກເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
ການຕັດສິນໃຈໂດຍ
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ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນຜູ້ດຽວ (ການລິເລີ່ມດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ)
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ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນຫຼັກ, ການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ໂດຍຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
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ພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງທັງໝົດ, ເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງ ຂອງວິທີທາງແບບມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມ
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ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ຫຼັກດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ, ມີການຕິດຕາມປຶກສາຫາລືກັບຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
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ຊຽ່ວຊານ ສະເພາະດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງຜູ້ດຽວ
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ນັກການເມືອງ / ຜູ້ນໍາ
ການຕັດສິນໃຈບົນພື້ນຖານ
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ປະເມີນເອກກະສານ ຄວາມຮູ້ກ່ຽວກັບ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ (ຫຼັກຖານທີ່ຊ່ວຍໃນການຕັດສິນໃຈ)
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ຜົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບ ຈາກການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ
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ປະສົບການສ່ວນບຸກຄົນ ແລະ ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນ (ທີ່ບໍ່ເປັນເອກກະສານ)
ການສະໜັບສະໜູນເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ, ການສ້າງຄວາມອາດສາມາດ ແລະ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງຄວາມຮູ້
ກິດຈະກຳ ດັ່ງລຸ່ມນີ້ ແມ່ນເປັນພາກໜຶ່ງຂອງແນວທາງ
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ການສ້າງຄວາມສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ
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ການບໍລິການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ
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ສະຖາບັນການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ (ການພັດທະນາອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ)
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ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນ
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ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ
ການສ້າງຄວາມອາດສາມາດ / ຝຶກອົບຮົມ
ໄດ້ສະໜັບສະໜູນຝຶກອົບຮົມໃຫ້ແກ່ພາກສ່ວນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງດັ່ງລຸ່ມນີ້
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ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ
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ພະນັກງານພາກສະໜາມ / ທີ່ປຶກສາ
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forest dept. Staff (2), politicians/decision makers (3)
ຮູບແບບການຝຶກອົບຮົມ
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ການເຮັດຕົວຈິງ
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ຕົວຕໍ່ຕົວ
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ເນື້ອທີ່ສວນທົດລອງ
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ກອງປະຊຸມ
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ຫຼັກສູດ
ກວມເອົາຫົວຂໍ້
Training given to land users by the Forest Dept in conjunction with TERI on water harvesting structures and their maintenance. There are also workshops and meetings to evolve and maintain water distribution system. Technical information about water harvesting structures and ist maintenance. Workshops and meetings were also held to evolve the distrinution system. A manual has been prepared by TERI
ການບໍລິການທາງດ້ານການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ
ໄດ້ຮັບການບໍລິການທາງດ້ານການໃຫ້ຄໍາປຶກສາ
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ໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ດິນ
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ສູນຄົ້ນຄວ້າ
Name of method used for advisory service: Formal training to selected group/Group discussion; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: non-governmental agency, Staff of TERI 2) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: maintenance of SWC structures/management of water distribution/record keeping/management of funds
Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Extension, through the Forest Department???s agents, covering forest management and irrigation is given to certain groups amongst the HRMS, but is not yet adequate. More is required from Government.
ຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງຂອງສະຖາບັນ
ສະຖາບັນ ໄດ້ຮັບການສ້າງຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ
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ບໍ່ມີ
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ມີ, ໜ້ອຍໜຶ່ງ
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ມີ, ພໍສົມຄວນ
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ມີ, ຫຼາຍ
ໃນລະດັບດັ່ງລຸ່ມນີ້
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ທ້ອງຖິ່ນ
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ລະດັບພາກພື້ນ
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ແຫ່ງຊາດ
ອະທິບາຍສະຖາບັນ, ພາລະບົດບາດແລະຄວາມຮັບຜິດຊອບ, ສະມາຊິກ, ແລະອື່ນໆ.
ຮູບແບບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ
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ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ
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ການສ້າງຄວາມອາດສາມາດ / ການຝຶກອົບຮົມ
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ອຸປະກອນ
ລາຍລະອຽດເພີ່ມເຕີມ
ການຕິດຕາມ ແລະ ປະເມີນຜົນ
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through measurements; indicators: change in vegetation
technical aspects were regular monitored through measurements; indicators: erosion status/siltation of water bodies
socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations; indicators: level of participation
economic / production aspects were regular monitored through observations; indicators: change in income
area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through observations
management of Approach aspects were regular monitored through observations
There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Internal reviews are carried out every one or two years: there have been several changes proposed and carried out as a result. These changes were in aspects of sharing water irrigation, and in methods of utilising income derived from forest products - especially bhabbar grass (Eulaliopsis binata).
ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ
ການວິໄຈໄດ້ຮັບການຮັກສາຫົວຂໍ້ຕໍ່ໄປນີ້
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ສັງຄົມ
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ເສດຖະສາດ / ການຕະຫຼາດ
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ລະບົບນິເວດ
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ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ
Research is carried out by TERI, and covers various aspects (including both technical and social issues). Results are published in handbooks as well as having been compiled in 'The Decade and Beyond' (see references).
Research was carried out on-farm
ການສະໜັບສະໜູນທາງດ້ານການເງິນ ແລະ ອຸປະກອນຈາກພາຍນອກ
ງົບປະມານປະຈຳປີ ໃນກິດຈະກຳ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ ທີ່ເປັນສະກຸນເງິນໂດລາ
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national): 25.0%; international non-government (-): 50.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 25.0%
ການບໍລິການ ຫຼື ສິ່ງກະຕຸກຊຸກຍູ້ ດັ່ງລຸ່ມນີ້ ແມ່ນໄດ້ສະໜອງໂດຍຜູ້ນຳໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນເອງ
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ການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ທາງດ້ານການເງິນ / ອຸປະກອນ ສະໜອງໃຫ້ແກ່ຜູ້ນໍາທີ່ດິນ
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ຫຼຸດປັດໃຈນໍາເຂົ້າ
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ສິນເຊື່ອ
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ສິ່ງຈູງໃຈ ຫຼື ເຄື່ອງມືອື່ນໆ
ເງິນສະໜັບສະໜູນອຸປະກອນ / ສະໜອງໃຫ້ຜູ້ຊົມໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
ງົບປະມານບາງສ່ວນ
ງົບປະມານເຕັມສ່ວນ
ອຸປະກອນ: ເຄື່ອງກົນຈັກ
bulldozers are used to construct dams etc
ອຸປະກອນ: ເຄື່ອງກົນຈັກ: ເຄື່ອງມື
ແຮງງານຂອງຜູ້ນໍ້າໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
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ການອາສາ
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ລ້ຽງເຂົ້າ - ອາຫານ
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ຈ່າຍເປັນເງິນສົດ
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ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜູນ ອຸປະກອນດ້ານອື່ນ
ການວິເຄາະຜົນກະທົບ ແລະ ສະຫຼຸບລວມ
ຜົນກະທົບຂອງການນໍາໃຊ້ແນວທາງ
ບໍ່
ມີ, ໜ້ອຍໜຶ່ງ
ມີ, ພໍສົມຄວນ
ມີ, ຫຼາຍ
ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ ສາມາດຊ່ວຍຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ແລະ ບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງໄດ້ບໍ?
There has been a huge improvement in soil and water management - the forest canopy and its understorey have been restored with all associated benefits. Additionally, in fields below the forest area, levelling of land for irrigation reduces its vulnerability to erosion.
ການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ວິທີທາງ ສາມາດປັບປຸງ ປະເດັນການຖືຄອງທີ່ດິນ / ສິດທິໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ທີ່ເຊື່ອງຊ້ອນໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງໄດ້ບໍ?
As it is not in his own land, initially land owners did not own it. However, with time, they realised this helps them utilizing their lands in a far better way.
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
The original experiment in Sukhomajri has been replicated in 60 other villages within Ambala and Yamunagar Districts - and further afield in Haryana and India generally.
ສິ່ງກະຕຸກຊຸກຍູ້ໃຫ້ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃນການປະຕິບັດການຄຸ້ມຄອງທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
ຄວາມຍືນຍົງຂອງການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດກິດຈະກໍາຂອງແນວທາງ
ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ສາມາດຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຕາມແນວທາງໄດ້ເອງບໍ່ (ໂດຍປາດສະຈາກການສະໜັບສະໜູນຈາກພາກສ່ວນພາຍນອກ)?
Land users can continue to maintain what infrastructure has been put in place (dams, irrigation pipelines etc) but technical guidance is required - and at least some budget from the Forestry Department. In terms of managing the forest resources itself, the existence of the HRMS should ensure that this will continue. However, land users might need technical guidance from specialist on maintenance.
ບົດສະຫຼຸບ ແລະ ບົດຮຽນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບ
ຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ: ທັດສະນະມູມມອງ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ
ຄວາມເຂັ້ມແຂງ: ທັດສະນະມຸມມອງ ຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນເອງ
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Opportunity to earn more from livestock (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Better access to market, and thus value addition, needed.)
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Opportunity to earn more from agriculture through irrigation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Better access to improved seed and technology required.)
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Equitable access to benefits (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: New rules and by-laws needed to sustain this.)
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Integrated approach of natural resource regeneration (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Policy required for encouraging interdepartmental development activities.)
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Emphasis on training and managerial capacity building (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue emphasis on/targeting of women.)
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Cost-effective rehabilitation technologies (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Build more capacity amongst land users to implement and manage sustainably.)
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Creation of strong people's self-help institutions the Hill Resource Management Societies (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Create more awareness among women.)
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The creation and efficient operation of Hill Resource Management Societies (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued outside support for HRMS required.)
ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງ: ທັດສະນະມູມມອງ ຂອງຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນວິທີການແກ້ໄຂແນວໃດ
ຈຸດອ່ອນ / ຂໍ້ເສຍ / ຄວາມສ່ຽງ: ທັດສະນະມຸມມອງ ຂອງຜູ້ປ້ອນຂໍ້ມູນເອງວິທີການແກ້ໄຂແນວໃດ
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Sustainability of SWC is dependent on regular maintenance
Increased budgetary allocation through Forest Department required.
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Weak market linkage
Strengthen market linkages for agricultural, livestock and forest products.
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Moderate participation of women
Build better awareness among women.
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Lack of credit for investment in agriculture and business
Popularise micro-credit concept under women???s self-help groups.
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Lack of opportunity/knowledge for value addition to forest products
Training programmes for micro-enterprise development are needed.
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Average level of literacy
Emphasis on literacy drive and continuous emphasis on cpacity building
ເອກກະສານອ້າງອີງ
ການທົບທວນຄືນ
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Fabian Ottiger
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Deborah Niggli
ວັນທີຂອງການປະຕິບັດ: Jan. 20, 2009
ປັບປຸງລ່າສຸດ: April 4, 2018
ບຸກຄົນທີ່ສໍາຄັນ
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Sumana Datta (sdatta@teri.res.in) - ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
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Paul Varghese (vpaul@teri.res.in) - ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
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T.P. Singh - ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
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Chetan Kumar (c.kumar@cgiar.org) - ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
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Uma Shankar Vashist - ຜູ້ຊ່ຽວຊານ ດ້ານການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ທີ່ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
ການບັນຍາຍລາຍລະອຽດ ໃນຖານຂໍ້ມູນ ຂອງ WOCAT
ຂໍ້ມູນການເຊື່ອມໂຍງຂໍ້ມູນການຄຸ້ມຄອງການນໍາໃຊ້ດິນແບບຍືນຍົງ
ເອກກະສານ ແມ່ນໄດ້ອໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກໂດຍ
ສະຖາບັນ
- Tata Energy Research Institute TERI (Tata Energy Research Institute TERI) - ອິນເດຍ
ໂຄງການ
- Book project: where the land is greener - Case Studies and Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives Worldwide (where the land is greener)
ການອ້າງອີງທີ່ສໍາຄັນ
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Singh TP and Varalakshmi V (1998) The decade and beyond: evolving community and state partnership. The Energy and Resources:
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Varalakshmi V, Hegde ravi, Singh TP. Trends in institutional evolution at the grassroots - A case from the Joint Forest Management Programme, Haryana, India. International journal of sustainable development and world ecology, Sept. 1999:
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Singh TP&Datta Sumana(2000) Institutional design for small irrigation system (a case study from JFM area in Haryana) presented in the all India seminar on Environmental and social issues in water resources Development on June 5&6,2000 in Lucknow,UP organized by the Institute of engi:
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Datta s, Varalakshmi V. Decentralisation: an effective method of financial management at grassroots (evidence from India) in sustainable development. Vol7No3,August 1999. pp113-120: