Farmer at his organically managed field
1.The technology is applied in the flatlands of Ljubljana with an average altitude of 350 m.a.s.l. The average annual precipitation is 1400 mm. The area is characterized with often stormy precipitation events and occasional droughts. Silty loam soils in the area are moderately deep to deep with medium soil organic matter. Area has good availability of surface water and groundwater of good drinking quality. Area has medium biodiversity without salinity and flooding problems. Sedentary agriculture with mixed or commercial agriculture is practiced with less than 10 percemt from off-farm activities. The examined farm household has an average wealth and is mechanized/motorized. The farm is run by middle aged and elderly mens. The farm household has good access to all services and infrastructure. Farm is of medium scale with land partly owned by the land users and partly leased from other private owners.
2. Main characteristics are
(1) full 5 year crop rotation
(2) at least 0.5 livestock units
(3) circulation of nitrogen via organic manure
(4) cycle of other nutrients closed as much as possible
(5) absence of artificial plant protection products and mineral nitrogen.
(6) nitrogen fixation leguminous in crop rotation
(7) production of local traditional species (buckwheat)
3. Purpose of the technology is to manage the land in a sustainable way with closed nutrient cycles and to increase the biodiversity. Organic matter increases organic matter and fertility of the soils. Reduced soil acidificatino, pollution, salinization and alkalinization. Reduced soil compaction, slaking and crusting of soils. Increased bio-productive function of soils. Increased vegetation cover, biomass and improves habitats with better quantity of species and its composition and diversity. The purpose is also to offer customers food of local and well known products without any use of chemically based plant protection.
4. Major activities:
(1) keeping of farm animals in stables for closing the N-balance
(2) a lot of further manual farm and cultivation work. Some of it is replaced by new machinery. This causes additional costs at the moment of establishment
(3) regular manual checking for pests, diseases.
5. Benefits are the closed N cycle and the CO2 sequestration - high organic matter content, lower loss of nutrients, higher biodiversity.
6. Farm users dislike lots of costs connected with the new machinery, lots of paper work for the certification, the pressure on productivity, a great deal of work with planning crop rotations and nutrient management, coping with pests and diseases. But they like the better price on the market.
ສະຖານທີ່: Municipality of Ljubljana, ສະໂນວາເນຍ
ຈໍານວນ ພື້ນທີ່ ທີ່ໃຊ້ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ທີ່ໄດ້ວິເຄາະ: 2-10 ພຶ້ນທີ່
ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍຂອງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ: ນໍາໃຊ້ໃນຈຸດສະເພາະ / ແນໃສ່ນໍາໃຊ້ໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂະໜາດນ້ອຍ
ຢູ່ໃນເຂດປ່າສະຫງວນທີ່ບໍ?:
ວັນທີຂອງການປະຕິບັດ: 2008; ຕໍ່າກວ່າ 10 ປີ ຜ່ານມາ (ມາເຖິງປະຈຸບັນ)
ປະເພດຂອງການນໍາສະເໜີ
| ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ | ຫົວໜ່ວຍ | ປະລິມານ | ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ (EUR) | ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ (EUR) | % ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ |
| ແຮງງານ | |||||
| Working with papers, records | hour | 20.0 | 6.25 | 125.0 | 20.0 |
| Further cost for diverse supplement activities | hour | 700.0 | 6.25 | 4375.0 | 100.0 |
| ອຸປະກອນ | |||||
| machinery (cultivator, grubber, harrows) | pcs | 3.0 | 4000.0 | 12000.0 | 100.0 |
| ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ | |||||
| Copper preparations (diseases) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| Naturalis (potato, vegetable) (Beauveria bassiana) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| Neemezal (potato, vegetable) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| ວັດສະດຸກໍ່ສ້າງ | |||||
| Animal stall reconstruction | pcs | 1.0 | 60000.0 | 60000.0 | 100.0 |
| ອື່ນໆ | |||||
| Regular certifiaction control for organic production | pcs | 1.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 | |
| ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ | 76'960.0 | ||||
| ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍທັງໝົດ ສຳລັບການສ້າງຕັ້ງເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ເປັນສະກຸນເງີນໂດລາ | 76'960.0 | ||||
| ລະບຸ ປັດໃຈ ນໍາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລີດ | ຫົວໜ່ວຍ | ປະລິມານ | ຕົ້ນທຶນ ຕໍ່ຫົວໜ່ວຍ (EUR) | ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ຂອງປັດໃຈຂາເຂົ້າ ໃນການຜະລິດ (EUR) | % ຂອງຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ຜູ້ນໍາໃຊ້ທີ່ດິນ ໃຊ້ຈ່າຍເອງ |
| ແຮງງານ | |||||
| Working with papers, records | hour | 20.0 | 6.25 | 125.0 | 100.0 |
| Further cost for diverse supplement activities | hour | 490.0 | 6.25 | 3062.5 | 100.0 |
| ອຸປະກອນ | |||||
| regular maintenance of machinery | hour | 1.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 |
| ຝຸ່ນ ແລະ ຢາຊີວະພາບ | |||||
| Copper preparations (diseases) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| Naturalis (potato, vegetable) (Beauveria bassiana) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| Neemazal (potato, vegetable) | ml | 100.0 | 0.2 | 20.0 | 100.0 |
| ອື່ນໆ | |||||
| Regular certifiaction control for organic production | pcs | 1.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 | |
| ຕົ້ນທຶນທັງໝົດ ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການບໍາລຸງຮັກສາ ເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ | 3'697.5 | ||||
| ຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍທັງໝົດ ສຳລັບການບົວລະບັດຮກສາເຕັກໂນໂລຢີ ເປັນສະກຸນເງີນໂດລາ | 3'697.5 | ||||
Production in comparison with conventional production is lower by at least 20 percent. As chemical plant protection is not applied the production can not be raised. And the cows eat only fodder coming directly from farm production without buying concentraded feed.
They do not use mineral fertilizers. Thus, fodder quantity decreased slightly
Organic technology requires the dairy cows stall reconstruction. On the same area only half can be kept compared to the conventional dairy.
Plant diseases or pests can develop very rapidly and if it can't be addressed in its early stage it can destroy the yield. Sometime it happens, when nothing succeeds.
Farmer is saying that every technology has its pluses and minuses and on general he doesn't observe differences. It is never simple.
The plant protection products and organic fertilisers and organic seeds are more expensive.
Due to regular customers, the location near the capital city and good prices income increases for 50% . Three persons are fully employed.
When they started with organic farming they started to produce dairy products (yogurt, cheese), flour and bread and vegetable. Before they produced only raw milk.
A lot of hand/manual work in the field or at production of dairy product or bread.
