Water Resource Users Association for the management of water resources in a river sub-catchment.
(Кени)
Тодорхойлолт
WRUA are associations of water users and riparian land owners who have associated for the purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common water resource.
Aims / objectives: The overall objective is to facilitate everybody in the river sub-catchment with sufficient and good quality water supply even during dry spells. Further objectives are to conserve the water catchment, to manage the resources properly, to preserve riverine forests and the riparian ecosystem, stop pollution and establish water use rules that are broadly accepted.
Methods: The WRUA is an association of stakeholders who wants to achieve the objectives mentioned above. During the regular meetings each stakeholder can raise his voice, express his needs and vote in a democratic manner. For outsiders and the government it is also an official contact in terms of water resources.
The WRUA members arrive at a decision together and thus lead to a sustainable development. Together, they accomplish the activities mentioned below.
Stages of implementation: First, a WRUA needs to register at the regional WRMA (Water Resources Management Authority) office, this ensures legal security for the WRUA. The WRMA provides the WRUA with technical and administrative advisory and is part of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The members of the WRUA conduct a water abstraction survey in the sub-catchment to identify all legal and illegal water abstractions. It is crucial to know the accurate water flows before you can conserve the water resources. The goal is to convince illegal abstractors to apply for a permit to legalise the abstractions. The WRUA organises meetings, called barazzas, with the local chief and the riparian land users. In these meetings special conservation measures applied in the riparian area are discussed together with land management specialists. The conservation measures are cutting of water guzzling trees, planting of water-friendly indigenous trees, raise public awareness of pollution, rehabilitation of riverbanks and introduction of new technologies like drip irrigation and rooftop water harvesting.
To raise public awareness of the importance of the riparian area, the WRUA members conduct a pegging campaign along the main river of the sub-catchment. The water act 2002 dictates a riparian area of at least 6 metres on either side of the river. This area is being delineated to indicate the location of the protected to the land users.
During water shortages (for example a dry spell), the WRUA publishes rules for water abstractions to ensure water supply for all land users.
Other important information: Furthermore, the WRUA is an important tool for stakeholders for communication and conflict management related to water resources. Due to the immense importance of water for ecosystem services a proper management of this resource is required.
Байршил
Байршил: Embu, Eastern Province, Кени
Сонгосон байршлуудын газарзүйн холболт
Эхлэх огноо: 2000
Төгсөх жил: тодорхойгүй
Арга барилын төрөл
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уламжлалт / уугуул
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Сүүлийн үеийн орон нутгийн санаачлага / шинэчлэл
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төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн
Арга барилын зорилго ба эерэг нөлөө
Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилт
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (conflict management, water resource management, )
The objective of implementing a governmental promoted association was to counter the numerous conflicts that have arisen around water resources. The water resources were distributed inequitably and the riparian ecosystem was damaged. Therefore WRUAs were built to improve water quality and increase water quantity by implementing protective measures in riparian zones, mediate conflicts concerning water, stop river pollution and establish water use rules.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The WRUA was formed when some non-riparian water abstractors had no more water because the river was running dry. Meanwhile also bad land use practices in the riparian zones of Kapingazi river diminished water quality. Due to forest clearing close to the river, the soil lost its water storage capacity, even worse indigenous trees were replaced by water guzzling trees like eucalyptus. The knowledge about conservation measures in the riparian areas was very low.
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд дэмжлэг болох нөхцлүүд
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Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: Every land user has the responsibility for his own land plot. Like this it is easy to address somebody to implement protective activities. Also water abstractors have a big interest to prevent low flows, because if low flows occur, they cannot abstract any water.
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд хүндрэл учруулах нөхцлүүд
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Нийгэм / соёл / шашны хэм хэмжээ, үнэт зүйлс: Some land users are affiliated with their land use practices and are not willing to change them.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Constant promoting and convincing of sustainable land use practices and conservation measures.
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Санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж: There were not enough financial means to acquire seedlings for the promotion of tree planting in the riparian area.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: In 2011 the money was given by the Water Services Trust Fund to buy seedlings and distribute them among the riparian farmers.
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Бусад: The awareness of people concerning riparian protection is very low.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Members of the WRUA disseminate the knowledge about the protection of the riparian zone and try to convince them.
Талуудын оролцоо ба үүрэг
Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүрэг
Ямар оролцогч талууд / хэрэгжүүлэгч байгууллагууд арга барилд оролцож байсан бэ? |
Оролцогч талуудыг тодорхойлно уу |
Оролцогч талуудын үүргийг тайлбарлана уу |
Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд |
WRUA members, riparian land users. Patrols stay in contact with land users |
The land ownership is traditionally designated to the husband of the family. Therefore 90% of the participants at the barazzas were men. |
ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх |
WRMA |
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Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч) |
WRMA (Water Resource Management Authority)
Chiefs organised barazzas. |
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Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлгүүдийг татан оролцуулах
үгүй
идэвхигүй
Гадаад дэмжлэг
интерактив
өөрийн хүчийг нэгтгэсэн
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт
Water users formed a group in 2000 where they discussed their problems concerning water abstraction and riparian protection.
Төлөвлөгөө
The local land users as members of the WRUA and advisor from WRMA developed the method how to implement the protection measures.
Хэрэгжилт
The implementation took place at barazzas with local chiefs. The associated riparian land users came together and were informed by the members of the WRUA and a land use specialist about the advantages of riparian protection. The different measures like tree planting and introduction of Napier were communicated. Water unfriendly trees like Eucalyptus were recommended to be cut. Also, the background of water quality and improved drought resistance were teached. Seedlings were distributed.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ
The monitoring is made by the WRUA. Members walk regularly along the river and point out positive and negative examples.
Арга барил хэрэгжүүлэх бүдүүвч
The Chart shows how WRMA and WSTF support the WRUA with knowledge, technical advisory and financial assistance. The WRUA, composed of land users, is in contact with the land users via the chief.
Зохиогч: Manuel Fischer (Güterstr. 12, Bern, Switzerland)
ГТМ-ийн технологи сонгох шийдвэр гаргах явц
Шийдвэр гаргасан этгээд
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Газар ашиглагч дангаараа (өөрийн санаачлага)
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ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүдийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр, голчлон газар ашиглагчид
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оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд
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голдуу ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүд, газар ашиглагчидтай зөвлөлдсөний үндсэн дээр
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ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн дангаараа
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улс төрчид / удирдагчид
Шийдвэр гаргах үндэслэл нь
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ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
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Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
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Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)
Техникийн туслалцаа, чадавхи бий болгох болон мэдлэгийн менежмент
Дараах үйл ажиллагаа эсвэл үйлчилгээ нь арга барилын нэг хэсэг болсон
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Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт
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Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
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Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)
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Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
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Судалгаа
Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
Дараах сонирхогч талуудад сургалт хийсэн
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Газар ашиглагчид
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хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх
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WRUA
Сургалтын хэлбэр
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Ажил дээр
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фермерээс -фермер
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үзүүлэнгийн талбай
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Олон нийтийн уулзалт
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курс дамжаа
Хамарсан сэдэв
The most recent knowledge in riverbank protection and land conservation was communicated by the WRMA to the WRUA and from the WRUA to the land users. Subjects treated are planting of waterfriendly indigenous trees and chopping of water guzzling eucalyptus trees, as well as riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass. Furthermore, pollution prevention and new water-saving land use technologies are discussed.
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн
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Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
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Тогтмол төвд
Name of method used for advisory service: Technical advisory; Key elements: Land use advisory, Administrative advisory; The WRMA provides technical training for the WRUA members concerning planting of waterfriendly/water guzzling trees, riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass, pollution prevention, new water-saving land use technologies and also climate change issues that rose recently. The WRUA wrote also a sub-catchment management plan in cooperation with WRMA advisors.
Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is a good cooperation between WRMA and WRUA.
Институцийг бэхжүүлэх
Институци бэхжисэн / бий болсон
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Үгүй
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Тийм, бага
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Тийм, дунд зэрэг
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Тийм, маш их
дараах түвшинд
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Орон нутгийн
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Бүс нутгийн
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Үндэсний
Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд зэргийг тодорхойлно уу.
Дэмжлэгийн төрөл
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Санхүүгийн
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чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
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Тоног төхөөрөмж
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seedlings
Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
The necessary seedlings were bought from local CBO's (Community based organisations) or private tree nurseries.
Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: WRUA members control pollution and implementation of the conservation measures.
management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: WRMA controls the progress of the approach
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
Санхүүжилт болон хөндлөнгийн материаллаг дэмжлэг
ГТМ-ийн бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв ам.доллараар
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: тодорхойгүй
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Water Services Trust Fund): 100.0%
Газар ашиглагч нарт дараах урамшуулал, үйлчилгээг үзүүлсэн
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Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн
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Тодорхой хөрөнгө оруулалтанд нөхөн олговор олгох
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Кредит
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Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл
Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн болон материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлэх
The seedlings were distributed to the land users for free
хэсэгчлэн санхүүждэг
Бүрэн санхүүждэг
Хөдөө аж ахуй: Үр, үрсэлгээ
Газар ашиглагчаас гаргасан хөдөлмөр хүчний зардал
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сайн дурын
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хоол хүнсээр ажилладаг
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бэлэн мөнгөөр төлдөг
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бусад материаллаг дэмжлэгээр шагнагдсан
Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт
Арга барилын үр нөлөө
Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?
Water quality has been improved, riverine wildlife habitats have been enlarged, water storage capacity of the riparian zone has been ameliorated, vegetation cover and biodiversity have been increased.
Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
Neighbouring communities also installed Water Resource Users Associations to manage the water use. Since 2002 this process was supported by the governmental institution WRMA.
Газар ашиглагчид ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэх болсон үндсэн шалтгаан
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үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн
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Ашиг нэмэгдсэн (боломж), зардал-үр ашгийн харьцаа сайжирсан
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Газрын доройтол буурсан
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Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан
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Ажлын ачаалал бууруулсан
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төлбөр / татаас
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дүрэм журам (торгууль) / сахиулах
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нэр хүнд, нийгмийн дарамт / нийгмийн холбоо
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Сүлжээ/ бүлэг төсөл/ хөдөлгөөнд гишүүнээр элсүүлэх
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Байгаль орчны ухамсар
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зан заншил, ёс суртахуун
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ГТМ-ийн мэдлэг, туршлага дээшилсэн
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гоо зүйн сайжруулалт
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зөрчилдөөнийг бууруулах
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environmental consciousness, moral, health
Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжүүлсэн үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал
Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой үргэлжлүүлж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?
They just have to keep applying the conservation measures. Public awareness raising and patrols by the WRUA have to continue.
Дүгнэлт, сургамж
Давуу тал: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор
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Water conflicts between water users are a problem in many communities. Water Resource Users Associations are a way to mediate among stakeholders. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings of the water users.)
Давуу тал: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоор
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The WRUA Kapingazi is a community based organisation (CBO) that was started voluntarily and gets supported lightly but steadily by the government. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A balance between too much and too little support must be maintained so that neither the voluntary structures are destroyed nor the support is too small.)
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With a good management of water resources and modern land use technologies, the productivity of the area can be sustained. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Meetings to share water resources equitably and promotion of modern land use technologies.)
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
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If the land users do not want to adopt the promoted technologies and suggestions, the success is questioned.
More efforts on awareness raising can convince more people.
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
Суурь мэдээлэлүүд
Баримтжуулсан огноо: 23 7-р сар 2013
Сүүлийн шинэчлэл: 12 6-р сар 2017
Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн
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Manuel Fischer (manuelfischer@students.unibe.ch) - ГТМ мэргэжилтэн
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Lincoln Kiura - ГТМ мэргэжилтэн
WOCAT мэдээллийн сан дахь бүрэн тодорхойлолт
Баримтжуулалтыг зохион байгуулсан
Байгууллага
- University of Bern, Institute of Geography (GIUB) - Швейцар
- Water Resource User Association Kapingazi - Кени
Төсөл