Interview with local stakeholders in a tea plantation area (Ms. Tanomkwan Tipvong)

Promotion of Organic Tea Production under Bench Terraces (Тайланд)

Continuous bench terrace

Тодорхойлолт

Promotion of continuous bench terraces for sustainable tea plantations in steep areas of the northern region highlands.

The approach is to develop and promote sustainable agriculture on steep slopes by establishing continuous bench terraces. Under this system, hilltribe farmers can produce good quality Chinese tea, and send their product to a processing factory nearby, which will create stable and high incomes and raise the quality of life. This production/ conservation system aims also to reduce deforestation and shifting cultivation problems, which lead to the degradation of soil and land. As such, soil and water conservation in this upstream sloping highland should promote and encourage appropriate sustainable land management to preserve natural resources and the environment.
In the early stage, Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station initiated this project to develop and promote Chinese tea cultivation on steep land, with close cooperation from the Land Development Department (LDD) to design the continuous bench terraces instead of the cold-climate fruit trees, which had greatly deteriorated. Local officers had allocated land (without ownership) to Palaung hilltribe people who were selected and guaranteed by the community leader for their aptitude and ability to cultivate Chinese tea according to the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Guidelines, and set up a Chinese tea producers group at Plot 2000. Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station organized this programme and trained them and also arranged for some local officers to advise on soil management, fertilizer use, and disease and pest control. Vetiver grass planting was introduced to maintain the terrace and road edges; compost was produced to use for improving soil properties and reducing their production cost, and cultivation materials were supplied to all land users through disbursement under the management of Doi Angkhang Agricultural Cooperatives. Local officers also supported marketing through purchasing at the guaranteed price according to the quality of the tea, and set up tea processing factories in this area. The project encourages all land users to observe and maintain their tea bushes and the land around them. Currently all land users are aware of how to sustainably use and maintain their land and soil resources. Moreover, local officers advise how to repair bench terraces themselves; however, if the damage is serious, the LDD officers will come in to help them repair.

Байршил

Байршил: Extension area for Chinese tea plantation (Farm 2000) at Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station, Mae Ngon Sub-district, Fang District,Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Mai Province, Тайланд

Сонгосон байршлуудын газарзүйн холболт
  • 99.04056, 19.91984

Эхлэх огноо: 1999

Төгсөх жил: тодорхойгүй

Арга барилын төрөл
Overview of the tea plantation in "Farm 2000" (Ms. Tanomkwan Tipvong)
(Ms. Tanomkwan Tipvong)

Арга барилын зорилго ба эерэг нөлөө

Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилт
The first objective is to enable hilltribe farmers, through suitable soil and water conservation measures, to produce good quality Chinese tea on the highland. The second objective is to create a stable income and raise the quality of life, where it is very important to ensure sustainable landuse without damaging natural resources and the environment. The third is to reduce forest encroachment problems in the highland and watershed areas of the northern region of Thailand.
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд дэмжлэг болох нөхцлүүд
  • Санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж: Angkhang Agricultural Cooperatives supported production factors to land users and cooperatives officers will monitor and evaluate this process.
  • Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт: Land user network as cooperative of tea plantation group with cooperation in compost or organic fertilizers production
  • Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх): Almost land users did not have right in land ownership, but they have right to use the allocated land, which these land are allocated by the Royal Project.
  • Бодлогууд: Government policy and Royal project supported the budget and implementation activities
  • Газрын засаглал (шийдвэр гаргах, хэрэгжүүлэх, шаардлага): Royal project and government agencies regulated land use planning and take care on soil and land management in this area.
  • ГТМ-ийн талаарх мэдлэг, техникийн дэмжлэг авах боломж: The officers of Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station advise land users to manage soil and land, including tea production and process.
  • Зах зээл (материал худалдан авах, бүтээгдэхүүн борлуулах), үнэ: They have tea processing factories in this area.
  • Бусад: None
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд хүндрэл учруулах нөхцлүүд

Талуудын оролцоо ба үүрэг

Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүрэг
Ямар оролцогч талууд / хэрэгжүүлэгч байгууллагууд арга барилд оролцож байсан бэ? Оролцогч талуудыг тодорхойлно уу Оролцогч талуудын үүргийг тайлбарлана уу
Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд All farmers belong to the hilltribe Palaung ethnic group. All land users take care of bench terraces with advice from station officers.
олон нийтэд түшиглэсэн байгууллагууд Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station, The Royal Project The station officers extend and promote the occupation, encourage and advise in technology transfer the technical matter and knowledge to farmers.
Багш/ сурагч/ оюутан School children and students Training course and study tour in the area
Орон нутгийн захиргаа Several local government agencies are directly involved in this process, including officers from the station and the Royal Project. The station officers extend and promote the occupation, encourage and advise the farmers in technical knowledge, support production facilities and processing factory.
Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч) Administrative officers in department and ministry level Making decisions and creating policy
Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлгүүдийг татан оролцуулах
үгүй
идэвхигүй
Гадаад дэмжлэг
интерактив
өөрийн хүчийг нэгтгэсэн
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт
x
Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station created continuous bench terraces as a soil and water conservation measure in the former degraded cold-climate fruit tree plot. They informed all land users about land allocation and zoning for suitable economic crops and trees, including Chinese tea in Plot 2000.
Төлөвлөгөө
x
Almost all land users (Palaung hilltribe) have been allocated land for planting Chinese tea with good agricultural practices (GAP) system in Plot 2000.
Хэрэгжилт
x
The LDD has been responsible for conducting soil and land survey, designing and constructing soil and water conservation measures, with close collaboration with Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ
x
All Palaung hilltribe land users in this area have to maintain/repair the bench terraces in their allocated land.
Арга барил хэрэгжүүлэх бүдүүвч

Flow chart Operating procedures of bench terrace:
1. The organic Chinese tea plantation project is emphasized to promote and develop career of hilltribe people around the area of Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station to reduce forest encroachment and shifting cultivation and encourage them to use the land in a sustainable way with stable and high income.
2. Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station has selected the area of old cold-climate crops where soil has deteriorated; the station officers need to reshape the land and construct suitable conservation measures in this sloping area.
3. In 1999, Land Development Department (LDD) supported in the survey, design and construction of soil and water conservation measures as continuous bench terraces. The distance between two terraces and the vertical interval (VI) depend on the slope of the area, but the cultivation area of each terrace will be 3m wide.
4. The Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station has selected farmers to join this project by considering their aptitude, ability and opportunity for further development in organic Chinese tea plantation. Almost all land users have been approved by community leaders to practice and implement following the instruction from extension officers.
5. All selected land users should practice and maintenance as recommended by station officers. In planting tea, farmers will dig a small furrow along the terrace around 30cm deep and 30cm wide. Tea seedlings will be planted in the furrow with a spacing of 40-50 cm between trees (around 2,000 plants/rai). Surface soil around these tea seedlings will be mulched to maintain suitable soil moisture.
6. Farmers will produce organic Chinese tea so they need to avoid applying chemical fertilizers and other chemical substances, but limit the use only to natural materials. Compost is applied at a rate of 2 kg/tree along both sides of the tea canopy, and incorporated about 15 cm below the soil surface. This compost rate may be applied 3 times a year.
7. The Chinese tea is usually harvested from April to December, and will receive nourishment/maintenance ( January-March). At present, the No. 12 variety has an average yield of 800 kg/rai, with some 5-6 harvests a year, while the soft stem variety has an average yield of 600 kg/rai, with some 4-5 harvests a year. The station has received a budget from the Taiwanese government and the Institute of Highland Area Development to support the processing factory building, machinery and necessary techniques.
8. Maintenance of damaged bench terraces: all land users will repair by themselves in the dry season. In the serious case of erosion, the LDD will support such maintenance. In addition, vetiver grass is planted to strengthen the edge of the terraces.

Зохиогч: Ms.Tanomkwan Tipvong
ГТМ-ийн технологи сонгох шийдвэр гаргах явц

Шийдвэр гаргасан этгээд

  • Газар ашиглагч дангаараа (өөрийн санаачлага)
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүдийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр, голчлон газар ашиглагчид
  • оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд
  • голдуу ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүд, газар ашиглагчидтай зөвлөлдсөний үндсэн дээр
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн дангаараа
  • улс төрчид / удирдагчид

Шийдвэр гаргах үндэслэл нь

  • ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
  • Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
  • Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)
  • Policies and legal measures

Техникийн туслалцаа, чадавхи бий болгох болон мэдлэгийн менежмент

Дараах үйл ажиллагаа эсвэл үйлчилгээ нь арга барилын нэг хэсэг болсон
Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
Дараах сонирхогч талуудад сургалт хийсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчид
  • хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх
Сургалтын хэлбэр
  • Ажил дээр
  • фермерээс -фермер
  • үзүүлэнгийн талбай
  • Олон нийтийн уулзалт
  • курс дамжаа
  • Mmonthly meeting
Хамарсан сэдэв

Implementation activities, how to solve some problems, maintain and repair conservation measure, vetiver grass plantation and others

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
  • Тогтмол төвд
-
Институцийг бэхжүүлэх
Институци бэхжисэн / бий болсон
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага
  • Тийм, дунд зэрэг
  • Тийм, маш их
дараах түвшинд
  • Орон нутгийн
  • Бүс нутгийн
  • Үндэсний
Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд зэргийг тодорхойлно уу.
All land users (from the Palaung hilltribe) have been selected as members to promote and implement organic Chinese tea plantation with their awareness to maintain and take care of conservation measures for sustainable use of this land.
Дэмжлэгийн төрөл
  • Санхүүгийн
  • чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
  • Тоног төхөөрөмж
  • budget in repair structure
Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
The Angkhang station gives a support budget to repair the bench terrace about 500 baht per rai.
Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
Angkhang Royal Agricultural Station set up a monitoring and evaluation programme for the Chinese tea cultivation under bench terraces.

Санхүүжилт болон хөндлөнгийн материаллаг дэмжлэг

ГТМ-ийн бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв ам.доллараар
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: тодорхойгүй
Газар ашиглагч нарт дараах урамшуулал, үйлчилгээг үзүүлсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн
  • Тодорхой хөрөнгө оруулалтанд нөхөн олговор олгох
  • Кредит
  • Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл
Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн болон материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлэх
LDD support with the supply of vetiver grass slips and technology to maintain the terrace including support the budget to repair terraces at 500 baht per rai per year.
хэсэгчлэн санхүүждэг
Бүрэн санхүүждэг
Ажил хөдөлмөр

Maintain and repair budget around 500 baht per rai.

x

Газар ашиглагчаас гаргасан хөдөлмөр хүчний зардал

Зээл

Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

Арга барилын үр нөлөө
Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?

Almost land users are good in maintaining and repairing this terrace system.

x
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн зардал хэмнэсэн хэрэгжилт, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулсан уу?

They collaborate closely with local officers.

x
Арга барил нь ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчдын мэдлэг, чадварыг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

They cannot construct this terrace by themselves, but can maintain and repair the damaged areas. They know and understand the benefit and effectiveness of this measure.

x
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд саад учруулсан газрын эзэмшил / ашиглах эрхийг сайжруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

They cannot have right in land ownership but they have rights in land tenure and utilize this land for Chinese tea in Plot 2000.

x
Арга барил нь эрчим хүчний эх үүсвэр/ илүү тогтвортой ашиглалтад хүргэх үү?

This bench terrace and other land management practices are firmly sustainable for Chinese tea production.

x
Газар ашиглагчид ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэх болсон үндсэн шалтгаан
Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжүүлсэн үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал
Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой үргэлжлүүлж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?

Дүгнэлт, сургамж

Давуу тал: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор
  • The continuous bench terrace is a highly effective measure to slow down runoff, and thus reduces soil erosion.
  • This system would reduce the amount of fertilizer application, as organic matter and plant nutrients still stay in the sloping area.
  • All land users can produce more agricultural products, thus will receive more income.
Давуу тал: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоор
  • The bench terrace increases the amount of water to store in the soil, while the excessive amount of rain would gradually drain through the waterway.
  • This technology would reduce the amount of fertilizer application as it prevents plant nutrients from escaping from the area.
  • All land users can improve their life quality from increasing agricultural products/income.
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
  • The cost for constructing continuous bench terraces is very high. It is possible only when the government and local officers support these activities.
  • The system needs expert in design and implementation. Local government officers (LDD) support and perform these activities.
  • When the structure of bench terraces is damaged. Local government officers (LDD) will help in doing the repair.
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
  • The cost for constructing bench terraces is very high, heavy machines are needed. Government and local officers support these activities.
  • The system needs expert in doing the design and implementation. Local government officers (LDD) support and perform these activities.
  • When the structure of bench terraces is damaged by heavy rain, runoff and other events. Local government officers (LDD) support its reparation.

Суурь мэдээлэлүүд

Эмхэтгэгч
  • Pitayakon Limtong
Хянан тохиолдуулагчид
Хянагч
  • Rima Mekdaschi Studer
  • William Critchley
Баримтжуулсан огноо: 21 12-р сар 2018
Сүүлийн шинэчлэл: 11 10-р сар 2021
Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн
WOCAT мэдээллийн сан дахь бүрэн тодорхойлолт
Холбогдох ГТМ мэдээлэл
Баримтжуулалтыг зохион байгуулсан
Байгууллага Төсөл
Гол сурвалж баримт сэлт
  • -: -
Холбогдох мэдээллийн интернет холбоос
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