Irrigated gardens in Timia (Abdoulaye Sambo Soumaila)
In Timia Oasis in Aïr, small irrigated gardens (< 0.3 ha) have been used for over a century, producing dates and tree crops (figs, citrus, cherries, etc.) for sale and cereals for consumption (wheat, maize and pearl millet). With the onion boom in the 1990s, the establishment of new gardens grew dramatically. The new gardens cover a bigger area (0.5 - 1 ha) and focus on cash crops - mainly onions, but also potatoes and garlic. Gardens are fenced using branches from acacia trees. The water supply system in most cases is based on traditional wells with an animal-drawn scoop. The wells are less than 20 meters deep and generally built without a casing. Local experts were trained by GTZ project staff in well construction and maintenance. Modern motor pumps have recently become common and are used in new gardens. Water is conveyed to the plots through a hand-dug network of distribution channels. The channels are lined with clay and stones to minimize water loss through infiltration, evaporation, or breaching. Irrigating a whole garden takes about two hours. There are two cropping seasons per year: the rainy season (June-Sept) with staple crops such as maize and millet; and the dry/cold season (Oct.-Feb.) with wheat-barley associations and cash crops such as onions, garlic, tomatoes and vegetables. Fruit trees covering up to a fifth of the gardens; one section of the garden is reserved for keeping small ruminants. Agricultural residues are used as fodder and manure produced by livestock ensures fertility of gardens in combination with inorganic fertilizers. Traditional techniques (local plants, ash, etc) are used for pest management. Seed production and selection is done strictly locally.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The main establishment activities for this technology are: 1. Identify and demarcate of a free area to be converted into a garden. Fence area with acacia branches and living hedge. 2. Establish a traditional or cement well, max. 2 m wide and 15-20 m deep (contract with local well builder) in the middle of the field. 3. Installation of traditional water conveyance system (Tekarkat): wooden poles hold a pulley which conducts a rope with a scoop for extraction of water from the well. The system is powered by a dromedary. A 5-meter-chute (palm stem or iron sheet) conducts the water to a small reservoir.
4. Mark and dig irrigation canal system and basins for crop cultivation (8 m2): Main canal and secondary canals (perpendicular to main canal) are reinforced with clay or stones. 5. Purchase inputs (local market): seed, seedlings, fertilizer, tools. 6. Plant fruit trees.
Maintenance activities are the following: 1. Maintenance of fence: replace missing branches; plant new tree seedlings to reinforce the living hedge (biannually). 2. Irrigation (daily). 3. Maintenance of Tekarkat and canal system: control (and replace) poles; periodic weeding, cleaning, repair leaks and improve lining with clay/stones (biannually, after harvest). 4. Field preparation and application of organic manure (beginning of each cropping season). 5. Maintenance of well: cleaning (hot season), reinforce walls with cement (if needed).
6. Feeding draught animal using natural grassland and crop residues.
Байршил: Timia oasis, Aïr, Нигер
Дүн шинжилгээнд хамрагдсан технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын тоо:
Технологийн тархалт: тодорхой газар хэрэгжсэн/ жижиг талбайд төвлөрсөн
Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар нутагт?:
Хэрэгжилтийн огноо: 10-50 жилийн өмнө
Нутагшууллын төрөл
| Зардлын нэр, төрөл | Хэмжих нэгж | Тоо хэмжээ | Нэгжийн үнэ (Ам.доллар) | Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг (Ам.доллар) | Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн % |
| Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт | |||||
| Plant fruit trees (incl. seedlings) | tree/garden | 50.0 | 4.0 | 200.0 | 100.0 |
| Establish a traditional or cement well | persons/day | 90.0 | 2.0 | 180.0 | 100.0 |
| Тоног төхөөрөмж | |||||
| Traditional well and tekarkat | unit | 1.0 | 500.0 | 500.0 | 100.0 |
| Camel | unit | 1.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 | 100.0 |
| Tools | unit | 1.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 100.0 |
| Бусад | |||||
| Land (opportunity costs) | ha | 1.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 | 100.0 |
| Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг | 1'880.0 | ||||
| Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар | 1'880.0 | ||||
| Зардлын нэр, төрөл | Хэмжих нэгж | Тоо хэмжээ | Нэгжийн үнэ (Ам.доллар) | Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг (Ам.доллар) | Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн % |
| Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт | |||||
| Field preparation and application of organic manure | ha | 1.0 | 240.0 | 240.0 | 100.0 |
| Maintenance of fence: | persons/day | 140.0 | 1.5 | 210.0 | 100.0 |
| Тоног төхөөрөмж | |||||
| Traditional well and tekarkat | unit | 1.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Camel (fodder, health) | all camels | 1.0 | 1460.0 | 1460.0 | 100.0 |
| Tools | unit | 1.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Технологийн арчилгаа/урсгал үйл ажиллагаанд шаардагдах нийт үнэ өртөг | 2'110.0 | ||||
| Технологи арчилах ба урсгал ажлын нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар | 2'110.0 | ||||
