Grazing cow in between the unfenced apple orchard (Malgorzata Conder)
The farmer grows red, yellow and white apples in his orchard of 3.75 ha. Wheat is growing in the slightly pronounced terraces and recently some vines were planted this year. The rain fed orchard lies in the low part of the middle zone and has a slight slope. The absence of control and fence results in broken branches and trampled parts in the plot. The farmer is sharing the property with his four brothers, who inherited the property from their father in 1993 or 1994. The orchard was established during Soviet time in 1988. The government paid for the material and the farmer’s family did the labour. The government paid them for that input by crop yield. In addition to the orchard the farmer sewed wheat between the rows several years ago which adds up to a hectare of wheat crop in total. In the current year (2012), the workload and the yield have been very small. As there was heavy rainfall in spring, the farmer did not see the need to loose soil around the trees. The already old fruit trees gave low yield and, because of a hale storm, apples were destroyed.
Purpose of the Technology: Initially the government planned to manage land and make it more profitable by establishing orchards. Due to that intention the farmer’s family had work, subsistent crop and cash crops. Today the main source of income is the remittances from the sons who work in Russia. The farmer works part time as a taxi driver. The orchard lost its importance of main income.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: At the time of the establishment of the fruit trees, the Soviet government paid for the seedlings and tractor fuel. Labour was done by the farmer, his brothers and their parents. The whole family worked for two years to build the orchard because they only had the possibility to work in the evenings and on weekends. Nowadays it is still a part time job for the farmer. Maintenance activities consist of ploughing, occasional soil loosening around the trees, pruning and harvesting apples and wheat. The wheat is cut by hand, which is very hard work. Because of heavy rainfalls last spring no soil was loosened. There is nobody to protect the orchard from grazing livestock.
Natural / human environment: The orchard lies on a foothill in the middle zone, close to the settlements of the valley. The apples trees are growing in rows on small terraces built by ploughing for years. Down- and upwards there are also orchards growing, all delimited laterally by the riverbed and a road. On one side of the plot a gully is developing rapidly. All of the neighbouring orchards seem to have a lack of maintenance and control. The orchards lying above but not far away from the settlements are accessible by car and tractor.
Байршил: Muminabad, Khatlon, Tajikistan, Тажикистан
Дүн шинжилгээнд хамрагдсан технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын тоо:
Технологийн тархалт: газар дээр жигд тархсан (approx. < 0.1 км2 (10 га))
Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар нутагт?:
Хэрэгжилтийн огноо: 10-50 жилийн өмнө
Нутагшууллын төрөл
| Зардлын нэр, төрөл | Хэмжих нэгж | Тоо хэмжээ | Нэгжийн үнэ (Somoni) | Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг (Somoni) | Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн % |
| Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт | |||||
| Buying, transporting and planting tree | person days | 50.0 | 12.422 | 621.1 | 100.0 |
| Тоног төхөөрөмж | |||||
| Machine use | Days | 1.0 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |
| таримал материал | |||||
| Seedlings | Seedlings | 1200.0 | 1.03516666 | 1242.2 | |
| Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг | 1'879.9 | ||||
| Технологи бий болгох нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар | 389.21 | ||||
| Зардлын нэр, төрөл | Хэмжих нэгж | Тоо хэмжээ | Нэгжийн үнэ (Somoni) | Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг (Somoni) | Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн % |
| Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт | |||||
| Plowing | Person days | 0.75 | 12.4 | 9.3 | 100.0 |
| Sowing | Person days | 0.375 | 12.4 | 4.65 | 100.0 |
| Cutting wheat manually | Person days | 36.75 | 12.4 | 455.7 | 100.0 |
| Soil loosening | Trees | 1000.0 | 0.1941 | 194.1 | 100.0 |
| Тоног төхөөрөмж | |||||
| Petrol | liters | 40.0 | 1.1375 | 45.5 | 100.0 |
| Machine use | Hours | 3.0 | 6.9 | 20.7 | 100.0 |
| таримал материал | |||||
| Seeds | Kg | 200.0 | 0.414 | 82.8 | 100.0 |
| Бусад | |||||
| Pruning | Trees | 400.0 | 0.711 | 284.4 | 100.0 |
| Harvesting apples | Apples | 1000.0 | 0.7453 | 745.3 | 100.0 |
| Технологийн арчилгаа/урсгал үйл ажиллагаанд шаардагдах нийт үнэ өртөг | 1'842.45 | ||||
| Технологи арчилах ба урсгал ажлын нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар | 381.46 | ||||
middle-term increase however possibility of lower harvest due to lack of maintenance
not on short-term, low harvest if maintenance is done poorly.
Less mainetnance work
low harvest, but it is not the only source of income
Difficult to compare established orchard with szenario without orchard
