Workshop on Joint Forсes Management (Anke Gaude (Okhonjon Str, Khorog, Tajikistan))

Joint Forest Management (JFM) (Тажикистан)

Совместное управление лесами (СУЛ) (Russian)

Тодорхойлолт

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users (in the frame of CACILM).

Aims / objectives: In Soviet times, the Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) had been highly dependent on subsidised fuel for heating and cooking. After independence, as fuel could no longer be imported from the former Soviet Union, more pressure was exerted on the flood plain forests, leading to severe degradation of the resources through illegal felling and livestock grazing. The State Forestry Agency does not have the financial means nor adequate capacity to implement a sustainable forestry management system adapted to the changed political, socio-economic and ecological conditions. The main aim of this approach is the rehabilitation of degraded floodplain forests in collaboration with the local users. This can only be achieved, if local users can see that they will benefit from conserving and developing the forest. Also, the State Forestry Agency is supported in its restructuring and gets an opportunity to achieve the protection of the forest, and economic goals through forest products and income from the rented forest plots.

Methods: \'Joint Forest Management\' (JFM) means that governmental organisations and local users are involved in forest management on the basis of a contract with a duration of 20 years, valid under Tajik law, which defines the rights and obligations of all the parties. As a first step, and in order to ensure the protection of the plot, a fence has to be built to protect reforestation activities from livestock (see Technology TAJ366). Adequate irrigation of the forest areas is also supported. Forest tenants as well as Forestry Agency staff are also trained in sustainable forest management techniques. Progresses and challenges are regularly being monitored and technical advice is being given to forest tenants.

Stages of implementation: The implementation includes eight steps: (1) field check and meeting with village representatives, (2) information workshop, (3) general agreement with the whole community, (4) selection of tenants, (5) division of the plots, (6) signing of contracts with the individual tenants, (7) elaboration of management plans and annual plans for each tenant, and (8) monitoring of annual plans.

Role of stakeholders: The annual plan is based on a 5-year management plan for the respective plot. It determines the amount of work undertaken by the forest tenant as well as harvests and their shares to be obtained from the rented area in one year. The rental contract, the management plan, and the annual plan are mutually agreed on by the forest tenants and the Forestry Agency. Forest tenants develop a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources on their plot. The State Forestry Agency is responsible for control and technical advice.

Байршил

Байршил: Ishkashim, Roshtkala, Shugnan, Tajikistan Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO), Тажикистан

Сонгосон байршлуудын газарзүйн холболт
  • 71.0, 37.0

Эхлэх огноо: 2009

Төгсөх жил: тодорхойгүй

Арга барилын төрөл
Workshop on Joint Forсes Management (Anke Gaude (Okhonjon Str, Khorog, Tajikistan))
Local forest user gets legal contract (Anke Gaude (Okhonjon, Khorog, GBAO))

Арга барилын зорилго ба эерэг нөлөө

Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилт
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Income generation, income diversification, forest rehabilitation, improved access to forest resources)

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Limited management and control capacities of the State Forestry Agency, combined with a sudden increasing need for firewood resulted in an uncontrolled 'open access' situation in the floodplain forests of GBAO. People were using forest resources in an unsustainable manner, including uncontrolled felling and livestock pasture. This resulted in a large scale degradation of the floodplain forest resources.
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд дэмжлэг болох нөхцлүүд
Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд хүндрэл учруулах нөхцлүүд
  • Санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж: No funds available for the rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Initial set up investments co-financed by international NGOs (GIZ).
  • Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт: No organisational structures for overall local management of rented state forests in place, including conflict solving mechanisms between stakeholders from different administrative levels. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Establishment of Joint Forest Management council at local level.
  • Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх): User rights for state forest were exclusively with the State Forestry Agency. Locals used the forests illegally. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Contracts with individual tenants providing them with long-term user rights and responsibilities. The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly hindered the approach implementation The forest land is in State property, the State Forestry Agency has exclusive user rights, however open access leads to uncontrolled use of forest resources by the local people. Restricting access can help create clear regulations, but these are not always accepted by villagers who prefer illegal open access to natural resources.
  • Ажлын багтаамж, хүн хүчний нөөц бололцоо: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Forestry Agency had insufficient financial and human resources to manage the state forests. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Responsibilities and workload are shared with the local population.
  • Бусад: The State Forestry Agency lacks finances and capabilities to manage forest resources. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Support of the Agency for internal reforms and the introduction of a sustainable forest management scheme (JFM).

Талуудын оролцоо ба үүрэг

Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүрэг
Ямар оролцогч талууд / хэрэгжүүлэгч байгууллагууд арга барилд оролцож байсан бэ? Оролцогч талуудыг тодорхойлно уу Оролцогч талуудын үүргийг тайлбарлана уу
Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд Women and men, rich and poor are involved equally Actual implementation in close cooperation with the other bodies
ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн/ хөдөө аж ахуйн зөвлөх GIZ project staff and forest specialists Supporting local users in implementing the Technology with some modifications. The Approach has been designed by an international specialist, and some components by a local specialist Conducting workshops, providing technical advice
ТББ International non-government Coordination and financing of the project, design of the approach
Орон нутгийн захиргаа Support during implementation Cooperation, approval of the legal framework
Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч) Support during implementation Cooperation, approval of the legal framework
Тэргүүлэх байгууллага
GIZ
Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлгүүдийг татан оролцуулах
үгүй
идэвхигүй
Гадаад дэмжлэг
интерактив
өөрийн хүчийг нэгтгэсэн
санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт
Field visits, talks with village representatives, information seminar for the whole community.
Төлөвлөгөө
5-year Management Plans and 1-year Annual Plans are developed for each forest plot, jointly by the land users and State Forestry Agency staff.
Хэрэгжилт
Live fence construction, irrigation rehabilitation, sharing of harvest.
Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ
Completed via the close cooperation between the State Forestry Agency and GIZ, using interviews completed by project mobilisers, as well as monitoring of annual achievements.
Research
Арга барил хэрэгжүүлэх бүдүүвч

Organisational chart shows how the project staff work with the State Forestry Agency.

Зохиогч: Sady Odinashoev (Tajikistan, Dushanbe)
ГТМ-ийн технологи сонгох шийдвэр гаргах явц

Шийдвэр гаргасан этгээд

  • Газар ашиглагч дангаараа (өөрийн санаачлага)
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүдийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр, голчлон газар ашиглагчид
  • оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд
  • голдуу ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүд, газар ашиглагчидтай зөвлөлдсөний үндсэн дээр
  • ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн дангаараа
  • улс төрчид / удирдагчид

Шийдвэр гаргах үндэслэл нь

  • ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
  • Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
  • Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)

Техникийн туслалцаа, чадавхи бий болгох болон мэдлэгийн менежмент

Дараах үйл ажиллагаа эсвэл үйлчилгээ нь арга барилын нэг хэсэг болсон
Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
Дараах сонирхогч талуудад сургалт хийсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчид
  • хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх
Сургалтын хэлбэр
  • Ажил дээр
  • фермерээс -фермер
  • үзүүлэнгийн талбай
  • Олон нийтийн уулзалт
  • курс дамжаа
Хамарсан сэдэв

Sustainable natural resources management, technical forestry knowledge (planting, thinning) and elaboration of management plans.

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
  • Тогтмол төвд
Forestry training for tenants and forestry staff; Key elements: Sustainable natural resource management and use, Technical training in forestry management (planting and harvesting, fencing etc.)

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government saw the good results gained from the Joint Forest Management approach, and is interested in continuing this approach.
Институцийг бэхжүүлэх
Институци бэхжисэн / бий болсон
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм, бага
  • Тийм, дунд зэрэг
  • Тийм, маш их
дараах түвшинд
  • Орон нутгийн
  • Бүс нутгийн
  • Үндэсний
Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд зэргийг тодорхойлно уу.
Дэмжлэгийн төрөл
  • Санхүүгийн
  • чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
  • Тоног төхөөрөмж
Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution
Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
Area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established No. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: based on the number of contracts, registered in data base area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: annual monitoring (autumn) no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: based on the number of contracts management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: regular planning, reporting and evaluation There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Regular adaptation of the approach after evaluation and analysis of field work results and occurring challenges. There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

Санхүүжилт болон хөндлөнгийн материаллаг дэмжлэг

ГТМ-ийн бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв ам.доллараар
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: тодорхойгүй
Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Implementation of measures in the forest are covered by land users): 10.0%; government (Provision of areas for JFM implementation, support of implementation): 10.0%; international (Full project organisation: meetings, workshops, technical advice): 80.0%
Газар ашиглагч нарт дараах урамшуулал, үйлчилгээг үзүүлсэн
  • Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн
  • Тодорхой хөрөнгө оруулалтанд нөхөн олговор олгох
  • Кредит
  • Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл
хэсэгчлэн санхүүждэг
Бүрэн санхүүждэг
Тоног төхөөрөмж: машин төхөөрөмж

Excavator

Irrigation infrastructure

Rehabilitation of some irrigation infrastructure

Газар ашиглагчаас гаргасан хөдөлмөр хүчний зардал

Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution

Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

Арга барилын үр нөлөө
Үгүй
Тийм, бага зэрэг
Тийм, зарим
Тийм, их
Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?

The vegetation cover of the forest plots under JFM was improved through better protection and planting. No open access to forests was allowed, which prevents illegal and uncontrolled use of forest resources.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд саад учруулсан газрын эзэмшил / ашиглах эрхийг сайжруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

User rights are clearly assigned according to the law of the Republic of Tajikistan. Tenants and local people developed a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Газар ашиглагчид ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэх болсон үндсэн шалтгаан
  • үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн
  • Ашиг нэмэгдсэн (боломж), зардал-үр ашгийн харьцаа сайжирсан
  • Газрын доройтол буурсан
  • Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан
  • Ажлын ачаалал бууруулсан
  • төлбөр / татаас
  • дүрэм журам (торгууль) / сахиулах
  • нэр хүнд, нийгмийн дарамт / нийгмийн холбоо
  • Сүлжээ/ бүлэг төсөл/ хөдөлгөөнд гишүүнээр элсүүлэх
  • Байгаль орчны ухамсар
  • зан заншил, ёс суртахуун
  • ГТМ-ийн мэдлэг, туршлага дээшилсэн
  • гоо зүйн сайжруулалт
  • зөрчилдөөнийг бууруулах
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжүүлсэн үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал
Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой үргэлжлүүлж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?
  • Үгүй
  • Тийм
  • Тодорхойгүй

Much interest among the land users as they have now legal access to the forest.

Дүгнэлт, сургамж

Давуу тал: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор
  • Trusting Forestry Agency (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Follow the rules established in the contracts and management plans.)
  • Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits, etc)
Давуу тал: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоор
  • Improved forest protection and management (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Forest users have a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources. Close collaboration of the Forestry Agency with the forest tenants will be crucial.)
  • Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits. etc) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Contract guarantees user rights for 20 years. Good management assured through regular advice and monitoring by the Forestry Agency (twice a year in spring and autumn).)
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
  • At the beginning of the project, benefits seen to be gained from the forest are not high (especially wood) Planting of fast growing bushes and trees, perennial, fodder crops.
Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд
  • At the initial stage, financing of the approach without project (INGO) support is difficult In the future, by increasing the productivity of the forest areas, more finances can possibly be made available to forest users and the forestry department.

Суурь мэдээлэлүүд

Эмхэтгэгч
  • Roziya Kirgizbekova
Хянан тохиолдуулагчид
Хянагч
  • David Streiff
  • Alexandra Gavilano
  • Joana Eichenberger
Баримтжуулсан огноо: 02 2-р сар 2011
Сүүлийн шинэчлэл: 02 11-р сар 2021
Мэдээлэл өгсөн хүн
WOCAT мэдээллийн сан дахь бүрэн тодорхойлолт
Холбогдох ГТМ мэдээлэл
Баримтжуулалтыг зохион байгуулсан
Байгууллага Төсөл
Гол сурвалж баримт сэлт
  • Forestry Sector Analysis of the Republic of Tajikistan, Joachim F. Kirchhoff and André Fabian, 2010: Contact: jochim.kirchhoff@giz.de or michael.angermann@giz.de
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International