Calliandra incorporated into a vegetative cross-slope barrier (William Akwanyi)
Vegetative cross-slope barriers are strips of perennial plants that are established along the contours of sloping lands. They act as soil and water conservation measures to reduce runoff velocity and consequently prevent soil loss. The strips are mostly between 0.3 m and 1.5 m wide and consist initially of one or two rows of plants. They slow down the speed of runoff during heavy rainfall. This facilitates infiltration, and eroded sediment in the runoff is trapped on the upslope side of the barriers. Hence, they contribute to the conservation of soil, water, and plant nutrients. The most used plants/ crops used in establishing vegetative cross-slope barriers are perennial erect grasses, including Brachiaria sp., napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and vetiver grass (Vetiver zizanioides). Depending on species (vetiver being an exception), vegetative cross-slope barriers can serve as important sources of fodder for livestock. Some farmers prefer to establish crops (e.g., bananas and pineapples) or trees and shrubs (e.g., (e.g., Calliandra calothyrus, Grevillea robusta or Sesbania sesban) as cross-slope barriers at appropriate spacing (depending on the tree/ shrub) to serve as windbreakers as well as providing additional measures to control soil erosion. Alternatively, these may be combined with grasses. These can also serve as important sources of food, fodder, fuel, and timber.
In establishing vegetative cross-slope barriers, the distance between the barriers is dictated by the slope of the land. The ProSoil project through Welthungerhilfe trained Community Resource Persons (CRPs) on how to survey contours using a line level. The CRPs by extension train farmers on how to measure slope for their fields and how to determine the distance between the barriers using a predetermined scale. Once established, minimal labour is required for maintenance. The main vegetation (grasses) must be harvested or cut back to a height of less than 0.5 m before planting a crop in the main field to prevent them from suppressing the crops through shading. The trees, and shrubs may need to be trimmed (coppiced) during the cropping period to allow adequate sunlight to reach the crops. The cut material can be collected and used as fodder or firewood as appropriate or be incorporated during land preparation, or during weeding as mulch.
Farmers like the technology because it contributes to soil, water, and nutrient conservation and it reduces the steepness of the slope as soil eroded from the upper part of the slope accumulates on the upslope side of the barrier resulting, eventually, in distinct terrace-like benches. As a result, farmers find it easier to cultivate on these terraces. Vegetative cross-slope barriers can be associated with retention ditches, especially where farmers find it important to harvest the water. They can also provide firewood and fodder, especially where palatable cut and carry varieties of grass are used.
Байршил: Khalaba Ward, Matungu Sub-county in Kakamega County, Kakamega County in western Kenya, Кени
Дүн шинжилгээнд хамрагдсан технологи нэвтрүүлсэн газрын тоо: нэг байршилд
Технологийн тархалт: газар дээр жигд тархсан (0.003804 km²)
Тусгай хамгаалалттай газар нутагт?: Үгүй
Хэрэгжилтийн огноо: 2019
Нутагшууллын төрөл
| Төрөл зүйл | Тоо хэмжээ |
| үхрийн аж ахуй - сүүний ба махны чиглэлийн (жишээ нь зебу) | 3 |
| тахиа | 10 |
| Зардлын нэр, төрөл | Хэмжих нэгж | Тоо хэмжээ | Нэгжийн үнэ (KES) | Зардал бүрийн нийт өртөг (KES) | Нийт дүнгээс газар ашиглагчийн төлсөн % |
| Хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт | |||||
| Weeding | Man-days | 3.0 | 250.0 | 750.0 | 100.0 |
| Adding manure/ compost | Man-days | 2.0 | 250.0 | 500.0 | 100.0 |
| Тоног төхөөрөмж | |||||
| Hoe (jembe) for weeding | No. | 1.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 100.0 |
| Wheelbarrow for carrying manure/ compost | No. | 1.0 | 500.0 | 500.0 | 100.0 |
| Spade for scooping manure/ wheelbarrow | No. | 1.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Бордоо ба биоцид | |||||
| Manure/ compost | Wheelbarrows | 20.0 | 50.0 | 1000.0 | 100.0 |
| Технологийн арчилгаа/урсгал үйл ажиллагаанд шаардагдах нийт үнэ өртөг | 2'940.0 | ||||
| Технологи арчилах ба урсгал ажлын нийт үнэ өртөг, ам.доллар | 23.67 | ||||
ГТМ хэрэгжихээс өмнөх тоо хэмжээ: 2
ГТМ хэрэгжиснээс хойшхи тоо хэмжээ: 6
Quantity refers to the number of 90 Kg bags of maize produced per acre. Although vegetative cross-slope barriers reduced the available space for crops, other SLM technologies such as retention ditches and the use of compost contributed to the increase in the production. According to the farmer, the soil at the farm was highly eroded before the SLM technologies were introduced.
Not easy to quantify but according to the farmer, the crops are doing better compared to how they were before the cross-slope barriers were established.
the farmer estimates that the amount of napier grass harvested from the farm within a year has increased. Farmer not able to quantify.
Not easy to quantify but according to the farmer, napier grass is doing better compared to how it was before the cross-slope barriers were established.
ГТМ хэрэгжихээс өмнөх тоо хэмжээ: 4
ГТМ хэрэгжиснээс хойшхи тоо хэмжээ: 7
Amount of milk produced by one cow during early lactation period.
Easy of working on less eroded soils. A farmer's estimate.
ГТМ хэрэгжихээс өмнөх тоо хэмжээ: 5000
ГТМ хэрэгжиснээс хойшхи тоо хэмжээ: 0
Expenditure on fertilizer in KES. The farmer no longer uses fertilizer.
ГТМ хэрэгжихээс өмнөх тоо хэмжээ: 0
ГТМ хэрэгжиснээс хойшхи тоо хэмжээ: 6000
The farmer earns income from selling napier grass - per year. This is based on the farmer's estimate.
The farmer considers the money earned from selling napier grass as an extra source of income.
ГТМ хэрэгжихээс өмнөх тоо хэмжээ: 2
ГТМ хэрэгжиснээс хойшхи тоо хэмжээ: 0.5
Number of months in a year when there is total lack of food in the house, and the farmer has to buy all the food required in the house. Based on the farmer's estimate.
Level of knowledge in SLM/ land management. This is a farmer's estimate that she has increased her knowledge in SLM.
The farmer notes that the amount of water leaving the farm and silting other farms in the lower areas. has greatly reduced.
the farmer notes that the amount of silt deposited in the lower parts of the farm and in other farms on the lower side of the farm has reduced.
the farmer notes that the amount of soil trapped by the vegetative cross slope barriers is high and this leads to an increase in soil accummulation at the farm.
Amount of runoff leaving the farm with potential to cause soil erosion in neighbouring farms.
