Social Infrastructure for Soil Conservation (Etiópia)

Descrição

Negotiation with the stakeholder community of a catchment on social incentives to be offered by external agency in exchange of additional inputs by the communty to be invested into soil and water conservation measures.

Aims / objectives: The overall purposeof the approach is to achieve sustainable land management without direct incentives such as food-for-work, cash payment, etc. Instead, the community is contracted through a negotiation process to invest into conservation without any direct incentives. Instead, the community will be entitled to select a social investment in their territory which conforms to its most pressing needs, e.g. a clinic, a school, a road, etc. Specific objective is to persuade farmers of the virtue of sustainable land management without direct pay, and to show that outside help is tied to this long-term community commitment when investing into social infrastrcuture. In the end, this is a win-win situation because two goals are achieved with a much greater investment and commitment from the farmer side, while sustainable land management and social development are furthered.

Localização

Localização: Gojam, Etiópia

Geo-referência de locais selecionados
  • 37.54, 10.685

Data de início: 1985

Ano de término: 1988

Tipo de abordagem

Objetivos de aproximação e ambiente propício

Principais metas / objetivos da abordagem
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Area closure / cut & carry of grass. Clinic construction & facilitation.)

There is no document, but the SCRP goal is to support sustainable use of natural resources. In Anjeni this should be achieved through a specific incentive at social level.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Accelerating soil erosion. Declining production of crops. Overland runoff destroying crops and producing gullies. Poor social infrastructure in community.
Condições que permitem a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
Condições que dificultam a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos: lack of community collaboration Treatment through the SLM Approach: further processes of community development
  • Quadro institucional: lack of trained extensionists Treatment through the SLM Approach: training supprt
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): lack of land ownership Treatment through the SLM Approach: clarify ownership and user rights The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation But not much. Attitudes of farmers towards investments into their land remain negative.

Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
Que partes interessadas/órgãos de implementação estavam envolvidos na abordagem? Especifique as partes interessadas Descreva o papel das partes interessadas
Usuários de terra/comunidades locais Groups of users organised through the project; Working land users were mainly men (Some women and children also participated.) Women were less involved in planning and implementation of SWC, but more with social infrastructure. In Ethiopia, men traditionally do soil labour in field. The approach included all communities including all households.
Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões) Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Health
Organização internacional
Agência líder
Expat: Overall principle of conservation for infrastructure approach. Nationals: Design of objectives, activities. Land users: Agreement on approach and specific designs of technology & maintenance.
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Nenhum
Passivo
Apoio externo
Participativo
Automobilização
Iniciação/motivação
Planejamento
interviews/questionnaires
Implementação
responsibility for major steps
Monitoramento/avaliação
public meetings;
Research
Fluxograma

Tomada de decisão sobre a seleção da Tecnologia GST

As decisões foram tomadas por

  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
  • todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
  • Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
  • Somente especialistas em GST
  • Políticos/líderes

As decisões foram tomadas com base em

  • Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
  • Resultados de pesquisa
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

As seguintes atividades ou serviços têm sido parte da abordagem
Reforço das capacidades/formação
Foi fornecido treinamento às seguintes partes interessadas
  • Usuários de terra
  • Equipe de campo/consultores
  • SWC specialists (2), extensionists/trainers (1), politicians/decision makers (1)
Tipo de formação
  • Em exercício
  • Agricultor para agricultor
  • Áreas de demonstração
  • Reuniões públicas
  • Cursos
Assuntos abordados

Technical design of SWC techniques. Institutions on maintenance & modifications.

Serviço de consultoria
Foi prestado um serviço de consultoria
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
  • Em centros permanentes
Name of method used for advisory service: Government Extension System.; Key elements: Holding of meetings., Technical layout of SWC techniques., Support in negotiations & follow-up.; 1) Mainly: government's existing extension system, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent; Extension staff: Mainly government employees 2) Target groups for extension: School children/students, Teachers; Activities: Demonstration visits to nearby catchment and preparation of a school b

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Farmer to extensionist ratio is 1000:1 or worse. Educational status of all is low. Approach of extension still needs improvement.
Fortalecimento institucional
As instituições foram fortalecidas / estabelecidas
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente
no seguinte nível
  • Local
  • Regional
  • Nacional
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
Tipo de apoio
  • Financeiro
  • Reforço das capacidades/ formação
  • Equipamento
Mais detalhes
Monitoramento e avaliação
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations technical aspects were regular monitored through observations socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations economic / production aspects were regular monitored through measurements There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Technology was adapted according to farmers wishes, namely adjustments of narrow terraces by removing some, overlay of drainage system over terraces and not along them. Monitoring & extension in still ongoing through SCRP, and since 1984 in Anjeni.
Pesquisa
As pesquisas trataram dos seguintes tópicos
  • Sociologia
  • Economia/Marketing
  • Ecologia
  • Tecnologia
  • Land use dynamics, farming system.

The treated catchment of Anjeni is part of a research set-up where continuous monitoring and evaluation is being carried out since 1984.

Research was carried out on-farm

Financiamento e apoio material externo

Orçamento anual em USD para o componente GST
  • < 2.000
  • 2.000-10.000
  • 10.000-100.000
  • 100.000-1.000.000
  • > 1.000.000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (GDE/SCRP): 25.0%; government (national - Min. of Agriculture): 5.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 70.0%
Os seguintes serviços ou incentivos foram fornecidos aos usuários de terras
  • Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
  • Subsídios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
Parcialmente financiado
Totalmente financiado
Equipamento: Ferramentas

Hand tools

Community infrastructure

Support to clinic was 50% of cost of clinic only.

A mão-de-obra dos usuários da terra foi

Análise de impactos e declarações finais

Impactos da abordagem
Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

Traditional soil fertility management was already exhaustively used under the given farming system.

A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

The problem is unlikely to be overcome in the near future. Present government insists on state ownership of land.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

A large programme in Merhabete involving 2,000 ha and about 10,000 people adopted a similar system, however with a technology that was suitable to their area (level bunds).

Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
  • n.a.
Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem sustentar o que foi implementado através da Abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Não
  • Sim
  • Incerto

Conclusões e experiências adquiridas

Pontos fortes: visão do usuário de terra
  • Fulfillment of community needs (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Co-ordination and participatory approach)
  • All catchment land users do conservation jointly together (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Community versus individual approach)
Pontos fortes: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
  • Negotiation processes (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Train extensionists)
  • Social incentives (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Better cooperation between different ministries on their activities as a package)
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: visão do usuário de terracomo superar
  • Combining two goals necessitates more labour inputs No solution
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitadacomo superar
  • Tieing social investments with soil conservation is politically difficult because two goals are pursued with one instrument No option but continue
  • Interest may still be initiated basically from need and less from degradation Awareness needs to be furthered still

Referências

Compilador/a
  • Hans Hurni
Editores
Revisor
  • Fabian Ottiger
Data da documentação: 22 de Janeiro de 2009
Última atualização: 24 de Julho de 2017
Pessoas capacitadas
Descrição completa no banco de dados do WOCAT
Dados GST vinculados
A documentação foi facilitada por
Instituição Projeto
Referências-chave
  • SCRP Progress Reports: SCRP, Addis Abeba
  • Book Learning from Anjeni' (Amharic)': Min. of Education, Bahr Dar
  • SCRP Research Reports: SCRP, Addis Abeba
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International