People working on rice field

Promotion of Sesbania species(as green manures for rice cultivation) (Nepal)

Dhaincha Prabardhan

Descrição

Green manure-It is a way of adding nutrients and organic matters to soil by incorporating green manure plants which include both leguminous or non-leguminous plants. Sesbania, also known as Dhaincha, i.e. a diverse and versatile genus belonging to the family Fabaceae,which is soft,woody,annual or short lived perennial;primarily used as green manure between rice crops or as an intercrop in transplanted rice.

Aims / objectives: -Leguminous green plants like Sesbania can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form that plant can use.
-It helps to improve the soil structure as incorporating it into the soil adds organic matterr (biomass).
-The Sesbania species has high water-logging tolerance which prevents the crop from losing its nutrient content.

Methods: In nepal,institutions like NARC and research programs like Rice Research program has actively promoted Sesbania species. Dr. Bhola man singh basnet of Nepal Agriculture Research council(NARC),khumaltar has extensively carried out his research on green manure using Sesbania, which is called locally as Dhaincha.
The Hardinath Agriculture Farm in Dhanusha,now National Rice Research Program, practiced Sesbania cannabina, dhaincha as pre-rice manure annually in 20 ha for more than 20 years.
Green manure technique is an indigenous practice mainly in the foothills, middle mountains region and central terai of nepal-dhanusha,parsa,bara and Rautahat district.

Stages of implementation: Sesbania is sown before rice is planted.Sow the Sesbania seed densly and lightly cover the seed with soil.Sesbania will grow faster if the soil is kept moist.After 4-6 weeks sesbania will be 18-36 inches tall at ground level and plough in as the paddy are prepared for planting rice.
Seed production process;
Transplant a few of the largest,thickest,healthiest plant into the edges of paddy space at 2 metre intervals along the terrace edges.Seed will be ready after 6 -7 months.This can be used as seed for green manure next year.

Role of stakeholders: Government;
-Institutional roles; NARC, HAF -DDC-Municipality-VDC
Private sectors;
-Desigining policies.

Other important information: -Sesbania species can be grown even under adverse conditions of drought,waterlogging,salinity,etc.
-optimum time of Daincha seed production is the middle of March until the end of May .
-Experiment conducted at several research stataions showed that green manureing with dhaincha in rice increased the grain yields by about 20-25 percent(Pre rice green manure-a success story,B.H.S Basnet,NARC)

Localização

Localização: Surkhet, Nepal, Nepal

Geo-referência de locais selecionados
  • 81.36, 28.36

Data de início: n.a.

Ano de término: n.a.

Tipo de abordagem
People working on rice field

Objetivos de aproximação e ambiente propício

Principais metas / objetivos da abordagem
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Sesbania species increases nutrient content of the soil,due to its water logging tolerance and also increases the fertility,biomass production in the fields as well as nitrogen content of the soil by fixing large amount of Nitrogen.)

-Increase the nutrient in the soil due to its water logging tolerance and thus increases the fertility and productivity.
-Also reduce the need of artificial fertilizers

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low knowledge about the green manuring among people because of which they were lured towards more use of particles and fertilizers.
Lack of improved seeds of green manure(plants).
Condições que permitem a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: There was a bit hindrance.Seed cultivation requires both land use and irrigation system.
Condições que dificultam a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros: -Improved and large seeds of green manure are costly. -This can be reduced if we can make these seed locally available at subsidized rate. Treatment through the SLM Approach:
  • Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico: -People were found unaware of the proper and new techniques of manuring. Treatment through the SLM Approach: -Provide necessary information and conduct programs at local/regional level.
  • Outro: The species shows better growth and higher biomass yield in the sandy clay than in heavy clay soil. Treatment through the SLM Approach: The areas with sandy clay loam should be identified if we are to except a high crop yield.

Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
Que partes interessadas/órgãos de implementação estavam envolvidos na abordagem? Especifique as partes interessadas Descreva o papel das partes interessadas
Usuários de terra/comunidades locais Farmers community Men were involved more, because of the hard work in the field.. Many people are using the green manure technique to increase the crop yield but no any incentives and support has been provided by government institutions targeting the socially and economically disadvantaged groups.
Governo local Hierarchy;District Development comittee-Municipality-VDC
Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões) Ministry of agriculture
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Nenhum
Passivo
Apoio externo
Participativo
Automobilização
Iniciação/motivação
x
Farmers
Planejamento
x
Involvement of individuals (farmers) at the begining.Gradually supported by many institutions.
Implementação
x
Sesbania is a local species available in Nepal since 1960 and used as green manure by farmers land users to increase productivity and field of crops.
Monitoramento/avaliação
x
Gradual progress and support from government and institutions.
Research
x
Research being carried by institutions, on nutrient content and new species of green manure plant.
Fluxograma

Tomada de decisão sobre a seleção da Tecnologia GST

As decisões foram tomadas por

  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
  • todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
  • Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
  • Somente especialistas em GST
  • Políticos/líderes

As decisões foram tomadas com base em

  • Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
  • Resultados de pesquisa
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

As seguintes atividades ou serviços têm sido parte da abordagem
Serviço de consultoria
Foi prestado um serviço de consultoria
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
  • Em centros permanentes
Name of method used for advisory service: Participatory community-based approach.; Many people including farmers, land users participate,discuss and conclude about the way of practicing of green manuring.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government and institution are the one that make the seeds of green manure plant available to the local farmers.So their contribution and continuation of land conservation activities cannot be neglected.
Fortalecimento institucional
As instituições foram fortalecidas / estabelecidas
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente
no seguinte nível
  • Local
  • Regional
  • Nacional
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
Tipo de apoio
  • Financeiro
  • Reforço das capacidades/ formação
  • Equipamento
Mais detalhes
Documentation of the approach provide training to the land users about green manure techniques.
Monitoramento e avaliação
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: Nutrients like N,P,K are monitered at a regular basis by and institutioons like NARC,HAF.government land users(farmers) economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: crop yield per hectare. There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: seed varities of sesbian species shows better growth in sandy clay than heavy clay soil. so, the soil type needs to be considered.
Pesquisa
As pesquisas trataram dos seguintes tópicos
  • Sociologia
  • Economia/Marketing
  • Ecologia
  • Tecnologia

Research was carried out on-farm

Financiamento e apoio material externo

Orçamento anual em USD para o componente GST
  • < 2.000
  • 2.000-10.000
  • 10.000-100.000
  • 100.000-1.000.000
  • > 1.000.000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Os seguintes serviços ou incentivos foram fornecidos aos usuários de terras
  • Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
  • Subsídios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
Governmental Aid.
Crédito

Análise de impactos e declarações finais

Impactos da abordagem
Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

- it increases the fertility and nutrient content of the soil due to its water logging tolerance. -Helps control soil erosion. -It also improve the quality of soil and crops.

x
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?

Poor farmers earn quite a good sum due to increase in yield and productivity by using sesbania as green manure.

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

NARC which provide training as well as focus on the practice of green manuring which help all the villagers to get benefitted.

x
Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem sustentar o que foi implementado através da Abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

Since it is easy and natural method to increase the fertility of the soil,farmers can be benifited..it only requires the basic knowledge about the seasons and seeds(improved) so it can be easily implemented.

Conclusões e experiências adquiridas

Pontos fortes: visão do usuário de terra
  • -if some species of sesbina like Sesbania cannabina are established as an intercrop in rice.
    -During short Day season,vegetative growth of the plant is reduced due to early flowering.
    -Many Sesbania species are being over ploited.
    -Improved seeds of sesbian sp, are costly and this technique requires a lot of labour work, people are in more favour of artificial chemical fertilizers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: -it can be suppressed by the rice if sown 30-60 days after crop.
    -These sp. should be sowed in the middle of March to end of vegetables growth.
    -Attention must be given to the conservation and proper utilization of these important plant species.
    -Government /local bodies should make it available at cheaper rate and encourage people to revive interest in green manures.)
Pontos fortes: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
  • -Increase the fertility of the soil.
    -it can help to increase the biomass in the soil.
    -Increases microorganisms and their activity in the soil. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They can be enhanced if the present trend of exploiting green manuring plants are changed to develop their production on a sustainable basis.)
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: visão do usuário de terracomo superar
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitadacomo superar

Referências

Compilador/a
  • Sabita Aryal
Editores
Revisor
  • Fabian Ottiger
Data da documentação: 19 de Janeiro de 2014
Última atualização: 8 de Julho de 2017
Pessoas capacitadas
Descrição completa no banco de dados do WOCAT
Dados GST vinculados
A documentação foi facilitada por
Instituição Projeto
Referências-chave
  • Regenerative Agriculture Technologies for the Hill farmers of Nepal,'Nepal Rural Re-construction Association.The Farmers Handbook,'The Field' Ms. Hommaya GurungGreen Manure Production System For Asian Ricelands, J.K Ladha :
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International