Abordagens

Solar Stove for Rural Communities [China]

approaches_2433 - China

Completude: 72%

1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:
Especialista em GST:

Zhang Peng

0971-6365120

zhp1218001@163.com

Qinghai Provincial Forestry Bureau

No.25, Xichuannanlu Road, Xining, Qinghai, postcode 810008

China

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Qinghai Provincial Forestry Bureau - China
Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Suíça

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Solar stoves use solar energy for cooking, featuring environmental-friendly, zero pollution, low cost, easy operation and maintenance, safe and convenient use, saving firewood, etc. To operate the stove, adjust condenser aiming at the sun with the spot on stove or other objects to be heated.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Qinghai has high elevation, with intense and long sunshine to suit dissemination of the technology to compensate for the shortage of fuel in the countryside, effectively reducing the labor in wood/grass cutting and vegetation destruction, protecting the environment and promoting soil degradation control. Therefore the technology has significant ecological and social benefits.
Restrictions in use: it can only be operated when sunlight is available; operation requires manual adjustment of aim from time to time (lack of sunlight auto-tracking technology application) resulting in an operative time efficiency of about 40%. Solar stove dissemination is financed by the government with labor input by farmers and herdsmen. International financial aid is utilized as an effective incentive for implementation. Publicity and demonstration were conducted to attract more families to use solar stoves. Farmers are the users and beneficiaries so that training to them on operation and maintenance should be conducted.
In 2005, the solar stove dissemination started and so far 150 units have been in operation representing 28% of total demonstration households. Satisfactory results have been achieved. At present, Qinghai provincial government provides special financial support to the dissemination of solar stove extension so the technology application has a bright prospect.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

China

Região/Estado/Província:

Qinghai Province

Especificação adicional de localização:

Shazhuyu pilot of Gonghe County

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Indique o ano de início:

2005

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

Aims of the approach are to: - form the technology dissemination mechanism that integrates related organizations; - carry out environmental awareness education and raise community participation level; - develop technical training to raise the community's capability in ecological protection; - use alternative energy to solve the rural fuel insufficiency problem and to alleviate the pressure on the environment; - Protect and increase vegetation cover and improve ecological conditions
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - lack of fuel and firewood cutting damage vegetations in the rural area; - serious soil and water erosion ; - topsoil losses; - decline of soil fertility.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
  • Inibitivo

Farmer households are poor and short of funds
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government provides financial support with counterpart funds from households. Access to international assistance.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
  • Inibitivo

The technology is not mature. Most solar stoves are artificially operated unable of tracking automatically the sun. Weather condition may also affect the use efficiency.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Research and developemnt to resolve the technical problems and reduce the cost.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

  • Usuários de terra/comunidades locais
  • Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)
3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação Apoio externo Accept education of solar energy technology
Planejamento Participativo The participatory planning on solar stove extension
Implementação Apoio externo Use and disseminate solar stoves
Monitoramento/avaliação Participativo Monitoring and evaluation of the solar stove application
Research Nenhum

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Explique:

experts of rural new energy use/ecological protection experts /project implementation organizer/ government poverty reduction office

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:
  • Usuários de terra
Tipo de formação:
  • Áreas de demonstração
Assuntos abordados:

The training includes solar stove installation, operation and maintenance is conducted in form of site demonstration; The effect of training to households especially the training to woman is acceptable.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
  • Sim, moderadamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
  • Local
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
  • Financeiro
Dê mais detalhes:

Application of the technology changes the villager's energy consumption manner, with decreased expenditure and increased income. Therefore it is helpful for poverty reduction and environmental protection. The extension also promoted the capacity building of local forestry organizations.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

bio-physical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Site measure the light application time and illumination intensity
technical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Hours of soalr stove use (the use rate). Estimate the quantity of firewood saving.
socio-cultural aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Survey the villagers acceptance to the technology and comments from women
economic / production aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Calculate the economic value equivalent to standard coal.
area treated aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Survey the number of household users
management of Approach aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Survey regularly the household users, monitor and evaluate their feedback information
There were changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Adopt the participatory type and not the administrative type of extension approach.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:
  • Tecnologia
Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Undertaken by the solar research institutions and on the topics of solar stove automatic tracking, energy storage, new building materials, raising utilization efficiency etc.

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government: 90.0%; local community / land user(s): 10.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

  • Equipamento
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas Em que medida Especifique os subsídios
solar stove Totalmente financiado covered by government
Comentários:

labor of transportation of solar stove is solved by farmer households.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

Investigate the conditions of vegetation cover increase, soil and water erosion reduction in the technology application areas.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The technology has also been adopted in other areas and other projects.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
The top-down extension is effective (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: raise the capacity of the governmental organization )
farmers further spread the technology among themselves by observation and visits (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: enhance the training and extension)
farmers benefit through reduced expenditure in energy (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: use meanwhile other clean energy forms)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada Como eles podem ser superados?
backward economy affect the extension speed strengthen project support
sole financing channel for the technology form co-financing arrangement of government, individuals and international donors

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

  • visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
  • entrevistas com usuários de terras

Módulos