Abordagens

Typical newar style rice farming for productivity and soil conservation (by puddling). [Nepal]

nepali language :- Dhan ropai

approaches_2520 - Nepal

Veja as seções

Expandir tudo
Completude: 81%

1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:

Sabita Aryal

Especialista em GST:

Sharma Shyam

Kathmandu University

Nepal

Especialista em GST:

Shrestha Bibek

Kathmandu University

Nepal

Especialista em GST:

Maharjan Shanta

Nepal

Especialista em GST:

Maharjan Buddhi

Nepal

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Typical Newari style rice farming ages long ,traditional and sustainable way of agriculture that is more focused on increasing rice production and maintaining field's productivity.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The main objective of the approach is to study how this indigenous method of rice cultivation is helping to increase rice yield and prevent the land from going barren. It is also centered to know about the involvement of various organizations like local government and INGOs in the process.

Methods: We followed the listed steps.
i)Site Visit
ii)interview with the local farmers
iii)question the labors
iv)literature review through books and intenet

Stages of implementation: i)land preparation
ii)crop preparation
iii)crop transplantation
iv)harvest

Role of stakeholders: Government:-More accessible and affordable and subsidies in budget
More initiative for the farmers in term of knowledge ,training and other technologies
Local administration :-Easy supply of machines,tools chemical fertilizer should be ensured

Other important information: Since it is an indigenous method for rice production,and were in practice for hundred of years, the recent racial mixture and introduction of newer method from terai has resulted into vast change in the methods and methodology of this newari method of typical rice production.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

Galeria de Mídias

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Nepal

Região/Estado/Província:

Nepal

Especificação adicional de localização:

kathmandu

Visualização do mapa

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

  • Tradicional/Indígena

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Productivity of rice crops)

To study the typical approach of rice farming and learn about the problems it is currently suffering.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low agriculture production due to change in monsoon pattern,decremented soil fertility due to excavation for brick industries and lack of modern techniques and methods to cope the problems.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos
  • Inibitivo

Due to massive introduction of new methods of farming, the typical newari method has been altered. This has resulted into loss of expertise and indigenous knowledge that may cause some serious irreversible loss in Nepalese talenet.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government or other institutions should document the newari method of agriculture for future application.

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
  • Inibitivo

Farmers have difficulties to arrange fund in off season. Also sometime they need to burrow money at heavy interest.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government can provide interest free loan to farmers.

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)
  • Inibitivo

Conflicts among locals on resources like water due to extremely limited supply.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: mutual cooperation and advance level of engineering to design water supply for irrigation in the field

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Community ownership meant no hindrance for development.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
  • Inibitivo

some efficient and new technology (genetically modified crop) and lack of advance equipment for agriculture

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Administration and local authority should address this and inform farmers about the agricultural advancement through Agricultural Ministry.

Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho
  • Inibitivo

Since agriculture is tedious job, farmers are always lacking manpower to help themselves.
Sometimes they are forced to hire expensive workers.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government and other institutions should help farmer to get technologies that can help them to decrease their work load.

Outro
  • Inibitivo

Other constraints may include lack of younger generations interest in farming.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Better education in schools and establishment of agricultural universities may increase their interest.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

  • Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

Land owners in Kirtipur, Kathmandu

Men are adopting other occupations like moving to middle east or other private job because of better and continuous income and profit. While younger generations are moving abroad for the similar reason. So, the female are mostly limited and focused in the cultivation of the crop. Both male and female is 20s and above 50s who are mostly economically disadvantaged.

  • Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola

Agrospecialist working on Ministry of Agriculture

  • Professores/alunos/estudantes

Developing importance of non toixic food production

  • Organização não governamental

environmentalist belong to NGOs ,FAO

  • Governo local

Village Developmental Commitee

  • Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)

Agrospecialist from Ministry of Agriculture and Forest.

  • The ancient newari tribe.
3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação Automobilização Specially promoted by organic business enterprise for exporting them as a better product.
Planejamento Automobilização Everything is planned by the local community or the land owner.
Implementação Participativo This method is still used by newari community of Nepal.
Monitoramento/avaliação Automobilização Negative impact from the fertilizer ,the need of organic food production is taking good speed for the better world.for this FAO and other local people are showing their activeness .
Research Nenhum For this approach very few research been done and need immediate documentation.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

The flowchart shows the hierarchy of this approach. This methodology of rice production was handed over generation over generation. the newer generation learn from the older people from their community.

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
Explique:

Usually all the work is done on the lower administration ,community level and the owners themselves.But due to the social awareness program organize by some socially active organization, the organic method of agriculture along with the modification of traditional agricultural method is getting popularity. As the result of which there is a paradigm shift in farming in Nepal although there is no major involvement of Ministry of Agriculture.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up)

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
  • Sim, moderadamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
  • Local
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
  • Financeiro
  • Reforço das capacidades/ formação
  • Equipamento
Dê mais detalhes:

Local governing bodies along with some INGOs and NGOs are always ready to help the farmers. Their helps include hybrid seed and occasional seeds.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

socio-cultural aspects were monitored by land users through observations

economic / production aspects were monitored by land users through observations

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:
  • Economia/Marketing
  • Tecnologia
Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Small research was done by conducting interview with the land owners and going through literatures of the related topics.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Support from Nepalese government like seeds,fertilizer etc.): 4.0%; local community / land user(s) (Small support from INGOs like FAO,World Bank.): 95.0%; other: 1.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

  • Equipamento
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas Em que medida Especifique os subsídios
Maquinário Totalmente financiado
Ferramentas Totalmente financiado
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
  • Pago em dinheiro
Comentários:

Since there is lack of manpower, farmers are forced to hire expensive labors to meet their wok demand. They mostly pay the labors in cash.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

This method of rice cultivation is in practice for hundred of years and its success clearly shows that it is effective in soil conservation.

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

There is no much improvement,though they some job opportunity to improve their life style.

A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

There are no hindrance. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. The approach creates a effective framework that can be used in future.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

Adopted by some native people of neighboring districts.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

Yes, this method has clearly helped thousands of newari farmers by increasing their yield and maintaining their farm's productivity.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

Yes, the increased yield has helped people increase their living standard and helped alleviate their poverty.

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

  • Produção aumentada
  • Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício
  • Pagamentos/subsídios
  • Prestígio, pressão social/coesão social
  • Melhoria estética
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Sim
Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

Yes, we believe that the farmers can keep continuing the approach activities without support as it is very easy and indigenous method for farming.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
1.It is easy method to apply and it increase the soil fertility rate .
2. good quality of rice by the use of puddling process and organic fertilizer. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1. Repair the soil infertility.
)
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
1. It is traditional ,unique and indigenous technique.
2.Its been good at yielding more productivity.
3. It is helping soil from getting barren. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1.More facilities,subsidies,loan,etc for farmers.
2.Introduction of innovative and new technologies.
3.Teaching farmers the new and advanced knowledge.)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra Como eles podem ser superados?
1.Less effective due to lack of equipment and alternative backup plan.
 1. More research ,advise center for agriculture development should be provide by by the top level.
Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada Como eles podem ser superados?
1. It cannot be the ultimate way of addressing of per capita income.
2. Many people are showing less interest.
3.It results in relatively less earning and thus very less respected. 		1.Change in attitude farming among people.
2.More fund for the research should be allocated.
3. More colleges specialized for agriculture should be established.

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

  • visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
  • entrevistas com usuários de terras

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

wikipedia/internet and article base on organic food(rice farming)

Links e módulos

Expandir tudo Recolher tudo

Módulos