Pasture and Livestock Management Plan [Tajiquistão]
- Criação:
- Atualização:
- Compilador/a: Askarsho Zevarshoev
- Editor: –
- Revisores: Yacime Khadraoui, Maximilian Knoll
Накшаи Идоракунии Чорво ва Чарогох
approaches_3459 - Tajiquistão
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Expandir tudo Recolher tudo1. Informação geral
1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem
Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Aga Khan Foundation (Aga Khan Foundation) - Suíça1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT
Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?
15/07/2014
O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:
Sim
1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST
![Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa](/media/4e/0/4e0f255e-749c-45c1-bd99-250b1a8f7386.jpg)
Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa [Afeganistão]
Degraded pastures are restored with alfalfa through broad seeding method. The area is put under quarantine for three years to allow for the pasture to restore sufficiently.
- Compilador/a: Bettina Wolfgramm
2. Descrição da abordagem de GST
2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem
"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" is a participatory approach which is guiding pasture users, members of Pasture User Unions and Pasture User Groups to develop their action plan on pasture and livestock management. The approach brings together stakeholders, who are involved at any stage in pasture management or can contribute to or impede the implementation of the pasture livestock management plan.
2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem
Descrição detalhada da abordagem:
Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) Approach is a participatory approach towards the development of a pasture plan with communities to ensure a sustainable use of pasture resources. It was especially designed for the needs of the Pasture User Union, a new structure allowed to establish at community level to implement better management of their pasture resources. Though a step-by-step analysis of the current situation a community will come up with detailed action plan for the following three years. The PLMP involves, but is not limited to, the establishment of a committee involved in preparation of the PLMP, as well as a stakeholder analysis and the determination of the carrying capacity of pasture resources by comparing the existing fodder resources and requirements for the fodder. Based on that analysis, an action plan will be developed with involvement of all stakeholders to reach an agreement on approaches and technologies to implement the interventions. The PLMP will lead to the development of the Action Plan based on the discussion between different stakeholders. In the process of the plan development with consideration of an expert a clear roles and responsibilities of all involved actors/stakeholder in a defined timeframe will be identified.
The main objectives is to support land users with development of actions, which contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is given to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity with compromising the environmental conditions for the next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflict over pasture use, awareness raising on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.
The process is based on participatory methods with involvement of different stakeholders capturing main principles for land use planning. The process includes pasture users/livestock owners who are involved in day to day management of pasture lands, local government with related department to pasture use, land owners, different departments of local government such as forestry, land use committee, environmental protection etc.
The approach is conducted in three main stages: In the firs stage consultation with pasture users will be held to identify the need for development of a pasture plan. Then an inventory of all land resources, including pasture land and livestock numbers will be conducted. In the third stage a workshop will be conducted with involvement of all stakeholders, where the pasture plan will be developed. In the final stage of the pasture plan development an action plan with defined clear activities in a given frame and assigned responsible persons will be developed.
Land users, who also own livestock appreciate their involvement in the pasture development planning. They also like when their voice is taken into consideration in making any decision with regards to the pasture use.
2.3 Fotos da abordagem
Observações gerais sobre as fotos:
Participants reflecting on the overall process of the PLMP approach with all steps involved starting with setting up objectives and principles, analysis of stakeholders up to development of action plan.
2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada
País:
Tajiquistão
Região/Estado/Província:
Rasht Valley/Lakhsh District
Especificação adicional de localização:
PUUs established in Rasht Valley under ELMARLP
Map
×2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem
Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada de início da abordagem:
menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)
2.7 Tipo de abordagem
- Baseado em projeto/programa
2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem
The main objective is to support land users with the development of actions, that contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity without compromising the environmental conditions for next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflicts over pasture use, raise awareness on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.
2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem
Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos
- Inibitivo
Communities are used to an ad hoc use of natural resources and therefore sometime not willing to structured planning processes in terms of use of pasture resources.
Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
- Inibitivo
In the case that funding is not available from project side, it may hinder further implementation of the actions planned under the PLMP approach.
Quadro institucional
- Propício
The PLMP approach is specifically designed for the PUU, which are legally registered institutes under the governmental law. This enables the process to run continously.
Colaboração/coordenção de atores
- Propício
Depending on the leadership of the institutional structure, if well managed, it can enable collaboration among different stakeholders
- Inibitivo
The newly established PUUs do not have enough power to influence the institutes in which stakeholders who are not interested in the sustainable use of pasture resources work hinder the planning process.
Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)
- Propício
mainly used by the PUUs, which are are functioning in the framework of state law
Políticas
- Propício
The plan is developed for the Pasture User Unions, which are legal structure responsible for pasture management at community level.
Governança da terra (tomada de decisões, implementação e aplicação)
- Propício
The approach will enable community members (PUUs) to become legal owners of the pasture resources according to the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
- Propício
Experts in the field are supported technically by project consultants, several trainings on the process and approach are conducted for them.
3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas
3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
- Usuários de terra/comunidades locais
livestock owners and PUU members
involved in direct process development and implementation of the approach
- Organizações comunitárias
village organizations, pasture user unions
also registered in the framework of the state law and are represented in the PUU. mainly involved in mobilization of the community to participate in the development and implementation of the plan
- Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola
project consultants and technical staff
facilitate the process of developing the PLMP approach, capacity building on the approach for the members of PUU
- Organização não governamental
locally registered public organizations which are directly involved in the natural resource and environmental management
provide technical support to the community and land users; can also support with fundraising
- Setor privado
entrepreneurs at local level
co-funding of the implementation of some of the practices from the PLMP
- Governo local
local level government (sub-district authority), land use committee, committee of environmental protection, agriculture department etc.,
as one of the main stakeholders responsible for management of natural resource; can also provide overall supervision of the approach development; PUUs for which the PLMP is developed: legal structure under the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan.
Caso várias partes interessadas foram envolvidas, indique a agência líder:
Land Commttee
3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais | Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades | |
---|---|---|
Iniciação/motivação | Apoio externo | livestock owners, PUU members; consultation with livestock owners, facilitation the process of establishment of PUUs |
Planejamento | Participativo | land users, PUU members, pasture experts |
Implementação | Participativo | PUU members and expert from project; consultation with stakeholders, conduct workshop and development of the plan |
Monitoramento/avaliação | Apoio externo | from project team and management of PUU |
3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST
Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
- Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
Explique:
Mainly as a new approach, best practices from the WOCAT database were used by the SLM specialists to introduce to land users and traditional practices were also applied based on the knowledge of land users.
Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:
- Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
- Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)
4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento
4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação
Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?
Sim
Especifique quem foi capacitado:
- Usuários de terra
- Equipe de campo/consultores
Tipo de formação:
- Em exercício
- Reuniões públicas
Assuntos abordados:
"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" methodology, proposal development for fund raising, Environmental Land Management
4.2 Serviço de consultoria
Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?
Sim
Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:
- nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Descreva/comentários:
During the project period continuos visits were organized to the project site to review the progress and provide advisory service. The project implmentation team consisting of different experts, including pasture, environmental specialists and monitoring and evaluation experts.
4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)
As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
- Sim, significativamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
- Local
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
Pasture User Union was established at sub-district level.
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
- Financeiro
- Reforço das capacidades/formação
Dê mais detalhes:
Different technical and administrative trainings were provided and the PUU was funded with certain amount for implementation of the PLMP approach.
4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação
Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?
Sim
Comentários:
The final section of the PLMP is monitoring and evaluation. At each stage a responsible person among the stakeholders is assigned to conduct the plan implementation. In addition, the project team also conducts monitoring of the approach.
Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?
Sim
Comentários:
The implementing agency has a monitoring methodology, which will be used by the project team to conduct monitoring.
4.5 Pesquisa
A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?
Não
5. Financiamento e apoio material externo
5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem
Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
- 2.000-10.000
Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):
World Bank in the framework of ELMARL - Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood project
5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?
Não
5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)
- Nenhum
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
- Voluntário
Comentários:
This is traditional now and any project fund should be accompanied by contributions from communities, which is mainly labour on a voluntary basis
5.4 Crédito
Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?
Não
5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
Não
6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais
6.1 Impactos da abordagem
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos usuários locais de terra, melhorou a participação das partes interessadas?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
It directly helped them to identify their status and understand their right to land use.
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
All technologies planned under the approach as part of their action plan were later financed by projects to implement.
after development of the pasture and livestock management plan the PUUs were supported financial from the ELMARL project to implement the plan
the plan is developed through conducted workshop with participation of all stakeholders, including land users, where they get opportunity to learn experiences of other stakeholders.
All stakeholders involved in the process including women and youth had an opportunity to make decisions in line with other stakeholders.
A abordagem atenuou conflitos?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Roles and responsibilities identified all stakeholder and one of the objective to mitigate conflict brought under discussion conflict over pasture use and tried to solve it to some extent.
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
Women's role in livestock management was identified and empowered.
All stakeholders involved in the process including women and youth had an opportunity to make decisions in line with other stakeholders.
the approach give the land users/PUU members rights to become owner of the pasture under the Pasture Law of the Republic of Tajikistan
6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
- Produção aumentada
- Degradação do solo reduzida
The rotation plan for rehabilitation of degraded pasture is applied.
- Riscos de desastre reduzido
Watershed approach was applied to ban grazing in some areas to prevent land slide and mudflow as a result of degradation.
- normas e regulamentos (multas)/aplicação
The plan does not set certain rules at this stage to enforce the regulation, but the community is planning to negotiate and set certain rules in case of not following the regulations to implement the plan.
6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
- Incerto
Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:
depends on the availability of funding, leadership and support from other stakeholders, especially local government
6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra |
---|
active participation in the development of the plan |
better understanding of the current situation with regards to pasture use and importance of pasture plan development |
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada |
---|
involvement of all stakeholders, especially land users and taking their knowledge and voice into consideration in decision making |
building of the knowledge and opening a platform for collaboration between different stakeholders interested in sustainable management of pasture resources |
6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra | Como eles podem ser superados? |
---|---|
time consuming, requires resource in the short term | should be understand as a means of livelihoods and spend more time, improve understanding of better gain in a long term |
Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada | Como eles podem ser superados? |
---|---|
financial resources | should design longer term project to attract funding before the approach becomes self sustained |
low capacity of the stakeholders, | more trainings, sharing of experiences |
human resources | More focus should be given to younger generation to build their capacity and involve them in the approach development |
7. Referências e links
7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação
- visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
6
- entrevistas com usuários de terras
more than 50
- entrevistas com especialistas em GST
5
- compilação de relatórios e outra documentação existente
3
7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis
Título, autor, ano, ISBN:
Pasture and Livestock Management Plan Manual
Disponível de onde? Custos?
Available upon request
7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online
Título/ descrição:
Pasture Management Networking Platform (PMNP)
URL:
https://pasture.klink.asia/dms/documents/groups/796?page=2
Links e módulos
Expandir tudo Recolher tudoLinks
![Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa](/media/4e/0/4e0f255e-749c-45c1-bd99-250b1a8f7386.jpg)
Rehabilitation of degraded pastures with alfalfa [Afeganistão]
Degraded pastures are restored with alfalfa through broad seeding method. The area is put under quarantine for three years to allow for the pasture to restore sufficiently.
- Compilador/a: Bettina Wolfgramm
Módulos
Não há módulos