Abordagens

Herds movement and roaming at different altitude/watershed zone [Tajiquistão]

Бурдани чорво ба чарогоххои дур

approaches_3630 - Tajiquistão

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1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:

Askarsho Zevarshoev

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

11/03/2018

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

In this approach community take the opportunity to move their livestock along different pasture resources, which are located at different altitude. This is appropriate in mountains areas, where vegetation period starts in different period and community have access to fresh fodder for their animals. At this time they have the chance to save the pasture close to the village and crop land which they cultivate during summer time.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

In the mountain areas of Tajikistan pasture are distributed according to the seasonal use named also accordingly – winter/spring pasture and summer pasture. The winter pasture are usually are located in the upper zone of the watershed, while the winter/spring pasture are the one close to the community. Based on this delineation they are used in different season, because in the early spring, when snow just started melting in the close pasture in the remote pasture it is still covered by snow and not possible go to this areas. In this way community provide balance in use of pasture resource between different types of pasture resources along different altitude.
The approach is applied in a participatory way in agreement with all involved stakeholders, including community members/livestock owners, local government and other involved parties, such as herder from other communities. Community jointly in a village meeting in the early season of grazing plan for herds movements and assign responsible people with support of the village management to organize logistics.
Community is very much in favor to organize in such approach to move their animal to other places when at this period they save fodder and easily cultivate their crops land in the village. The only thing they do not like is that during this period they do not have to the dairy product, which could they get from their animals.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

Galeria de Mídias

Observações gerais sobre as fotos:

Community build special sheds in the pasture, where the livestock is kept during night time or when there is heavy rainy days. Sometimes, in the remote pasture community build similar but closed, which is also a mean to protect from wild animal, such as bear and wolf and sometime snow leopards.

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Tajiquistão

Região/Estado/Província:

Rasht Vally, Lakhsh District

Comentários:

The shed, which is called kashar in local language is a traditional approach, which is constructed jointly by community efforts, but sometime external funding also support with construction as part of pasture infrastructure development

Visualização do mapa

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada de início da abordagem:

mais de 50 anos atrás (tradicional)

Comentários:

The approach is traditional way of movement herds along the pasture, while living in mountain communities.

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

  • Tradicional/Indígena

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The main goal of this approach is to balance the availability of pasture resources availalbe for community to gain maximum benefit from existing fodder source in the surrounding areas.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos
  • Propício

this is traditional approach and community members knowledge on this is transferred from generation to generation and does not have any limitation from social/cultural point of view. In fact traditionally the older generation is motivating youth to use the approach in order to use their pasture resource sustainably.

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
  • Propício

usually not much financial resource is required to implement the resource. The only this is need to organize community and manage their resource sustainably.

Quadro institucional
  • Propício

traditional institutions, which deal with natural resource management exist from very beginning. When community motivated to establish their official institutions such as Pasture User Unions this is also enables community to plan according to the approach to move the herd from one pasture area to another during different season.

Colaboração/coordenção de atores
  • Propício

traditional all members of community is involved and aware of the approach, and also when official legal institute is established it also bring all stakeholder to plan for pasture grazing in a participatory way

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)
  • Propício

in a traditional way when applying the approach community know, which part of the pasture they own and plan accordingly, while when the official legal institute is established, such as PUU they obliged to gain certificate, which recognize their land use rights.

Governança da terra (tomada de decisões, implementação e aplicação)
  • Propício

the approach is discussed in a participatory way among community members and agreed to implement accordingly.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
  • Propício

this is traditional knowledge which is transfered from one generation to another generation, however when applied in the framework of project special technical team is assigned to support communities with implementation.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

  • Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

community members, livestock owners

support with explaining the approach based on their traditional knowledge and provide evidence based information from their experiences

  • Organizações comunitárias

village organization, traditional community structures

guide community members and livestock owners on planing and implementing the approach.

  • Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola

project technical team, specialist from respective research institutes, such as livestock institute

support with applying the technical aspect of the approach and awareness raising on the approach from science point of view.

  • Governo local

respective local government departments, such as land committee, forestry department

supervise the implementation process and guide in applying the approach within framework

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação Automobilização traditionally community are used to apply approach every time when the season for grazing comes
Planejamento Automobilização existing community structure in the mountains areas come together in a community meeting to discuss and develop the plan for pasture use, which entails also applying the approach
Implementação Participativo usually community organize gathering dates for moving the herd, assign responsible person and agree with other stakeholders or pasture users from neighbor communities.
Monitoramento/avaliação Passivo very passive monitoring is applied in monitoring the approach results and almost no research is involved.

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
Explique:

mainly land users plan for applying the approach, only sometimes when any project implemented in the area the technical team is involved and sometime supported with specialist from local government

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Não

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Descreva/comentários:

government officials usually control the movement of the herd to the remote pasture, especially when there is crop season in the village.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
  • Sim, moderadamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
  • Local
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

mainly traditional village level structure, which include all community members and leaders to plan for village development. sometime supported by local government to enforce the implementation of the approach in order not to effect the crop production in the village/community.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

very few monitoring is done, usually by the officials of local government from agriculture department to make sure that the livestock is moved to the remote pasture and there is no grazing applied in the crop lands

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

Comentários:

only reported by the government and from community to the head of the village organization

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Não

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
  • < 2.000
Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

mainly from community of provision of vehicle and other source for infrastructure development, but some projects are also have contributing in construction of the infrastructure, including Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods Project

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Não

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

  • Nenhum
 
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
  • Voluntário
Comentários:

no construction work is required to implement the approach, only organization and management capacity is needed for community to apply the approach.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique:

development of the community plan, which mobilize and give incentives to implement the approach

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos usuários locais de terra, melhorou a participação das partes interessadas?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

it brings all community members, which own livestock and motivate them join management of their resources.

A abordagem construiu/fortaleceu instituições, colaboração entre partes interessadas?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

while the approach bring all stakeholders together to plan and manage their resource it also strengthens collaboration among them and improves their institutions.

A abordagem atenuou conflitos?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

the approach enables to agree and communicate the movement of the herd, which does not interfere into the other community areas.

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

the approach is very inclusive and does not discriminate in participation of all groups. Those of who own livestock are equally participate

A abordagem encorajou os jovens/as próximas gerações de usuários de terra a se envolverem na GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

the approach is used to be traditional and both youth and women are involved in promoting and implementing it.

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

  • Produção aumentada

when movement along all the pasture zone is taken place, this will lead burden to other parts and improved productivitiy

  • Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício

research results from other projects shows that movement among different types of pasture create an opportunity to use the potential production of pasture and get maximum increase in livestock productivity

  • Degradação do solo reduzida

the approach in movement from one part to another place in the pasture leave space for the plot to fallow and regenerate

  • Atenuação de conflitos

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Sim
Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

traditionally the knowledge on the approach is transferred from generation to generation, which guarantees the sustainability, in addition local government is involved to control and supervise the herd movement among different pasture types according to the season.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
traditional knowledge, simple and effective in livestock management and increasing production
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
compliant to the concept of pasture grazing between different areas
supported and motivated by government in order to control both the crop production and livestock production

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra Como eles podem ser superados?
when the livestock is moved to remote pasture the owners does not have access or limited access to dairy product if the pasture infrastructure is well developed it will enable community and also herder to bring the dairy product to the village to sell and process
Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada Como eles podem ser superados?
very few monitoring is applied community capacity should be build to monitor the implementation of the approach
research is not involved to recognize the effect of movement collaboration between communities and research institute to establish and support government to mobilize research institutes

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

  • entrevistas com usuários de terras

various from community to community

  • entrevistas com especialistas em GST

3

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Pasture and Livestock Management Plan, Askarsho Zevarshoev, 2014

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Free, from compiler

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