Returning Life to Mae Chaem Watershed by Integrated Land and Water Management [Tailândia]
- Criação:
- Atualização:
- Compilador/a: Pitayakon Limtong
- Editor: –
- Revisores: Rima Mekdaschi Studer, William Critchley
Integrated land and water management in landscape of Khok-Nong-Na model
approaches_4280 - Tailândia
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Expandir tudo Recolher tudo1. Informação geral
1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem
co-compilador/a:
co-compilador/a:
1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT
Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?
12/09/2018
O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:
Sim
2. Descrição da abordagem de GST
2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem
The promotion of a model that supports sustainable cultivation outside the protected forest area in the northern highlands of Thailand. The model is based on the knowledge of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (King Rama 9). It is a prototype model of the Institute of Sufficiency Economy and the Foundation for Natural Agriculture, and uses the New Theory Approach in Agriculture to build a self-sufficiency economy.
2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem
Descrição detalhada da abordagem:
This is the approach that supports "returning life" to the Mae Chaem area by an integrated land and water management system in the highlands, through the King Rama 9 initiative combined with local wisdom: or the "Khok-Nong-Na model". Most of this area is in Mae Chaem Reserved National Forest, an upstream watershed which is strictly preserved as forest and does not officially allow people to live and cultivate. However, communities have been earning their living there for a long time before the reserved forest law was announced, which deprived them of the right to own the land and use it for agriculture. Previously all land users earned income by encroaching into Mae Chaem National Forest Reserve - and converting it into maize, shallot and cabbage fields. The forest area was intruded upon, making the soil erode, and therefore soil fertility and productivity decreased. The integrated water management system by King Rama 9’s initiative together with local wisdom, is a prototype model at the Sufficiency Economy Institute and the Natural Agriculture Foundation, supporting the “New Theory of Agriculture” based on a self-sufficiency economy. The Foundation has explained to all land users that this concept called "Khok-Nong-Na" divides the area into 30:30:30:10 portions as follows; 30% for water sources (farm ponds, small water channels), 30% for rice fields, 30% for trees, and 10% for housing and animals. Implementation of Khok-Nong-Na models will depend on the topography of the area are as follow:
1. Upland or "mound" (Khok) is the highland area as part of the mountain or hill to cultivate "three kinds of trees” as forests, namely "three forests, four benefits". “Three kinds of forests” means for consumption, construction and economy, while the fourth benefit is to preserve the ecosystem.
2. Reservoir (Nong), the lowland area as part of water resources, includes the checkdam or weir, the sediment trap, the water channel and the pond, for both consumption and agricultural use. The checkdam or weir in the upper area serves as a storage and to control the flow rate of water. The water channel is designed to deliver water to the pond or reservoir in the lower area.
3. Paddy field (Na) is an important component for rice cultivation because rice is the main staple. Rice terraces are established in the sloping area, with paddy fields in the lowland. The main purpose of rice production is for the farmer family’s consumption - as well as for income. The ridges around the rice terraces field should be high and wide to store greater amounts of water - as the water level in the paddy field can control weeds, accelerate plant growth and improve crop yields. The native rice variety grown in rich soil is immune to diseases and insects.
2.3 Fotos da abordagem
2.4 Vídeos da abordagem
Data:
12/09/2018
2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada
País:
Tailândia
Região/Estado/Província:
Ban Thap Sub-district, Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province
Especificação adicional de localização:
Ban Thap Sub-district, Mae Chaem District
Map
×2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem
Indique o ano de início:
2015
Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada de início da abordagem:
menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)
Comentários:
Almost land users faced problem about debt from the investment loan for their agricultural and other activities.
2.7 Tipo de abordagem
- Baseado em projeto/programa
2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem
The integrated land management of Khok-Nong-Na model "returns life to the watershed" by protecting the ecosystem and simultaneously promoting sustainable and productive farming.
2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem
Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
- Inibitivo
They should stop borrowing money as they cannot find money to clear their debts.
Colaboração/coordenção de atores
- Propício
Almost all land users help each other and collaborate to work together around twice a week.
Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho
- Inibitivo
They have more workload in their field to do comfortably in one day and there are no labourers to hire in this area.
3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas
3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
- Usuários de terra/comunidades locais
Household network covers 21 members
All land users cooperate with each others
- Organização não governamental
Natural Agriculture Study Center
Support all knowledge in the New Theory for Agriculture (King Rama 9)
- Setor privado
Chiang Mai Social Enterprise Company Limited
Support seed of some crops and saplings of trees and fruit trees
- Governo local
Royal Forest Department and Mae Chaem District Administrative Organization
Create a project to manage to obtain multiple benefits from the forest for sustainable development by King Rama 9.
3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais | Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades | |
---|---|---|
Iniciação/motivação | Apoio externo | All land users normally face drought condition, making them unable to produce agricultural products properly, causing insufficient income and the debts of land users accumulate. |
Planejamento | Participativo | Mae Chaem District Office set up a project to return life to all land users, so they can join and work together. |
Implementação | Participativo | Land users work together with several networks in Khok-Nong-Na model with support from the Royal Forest Department, Natural Agriculture Study Center, Mae Chaem District Office and Chiang Mai Social Enterprise Company Limited. |
Monitoramento/avaliação | Automobilização | Monitor, evaluate and follow up by Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives and Natural Agriculture Study Center with local officers in the area. |
3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)
Descrição:
Flow chart Operating procedures:
1. Site selection: the target area will be seen through 5 aspects: community, temple, school, government agency and appropriate topography, with 5 strong network sectors as: government, academic, private, civil social and mass media for sustainability and expansion of civil state
2. Targeting people: all people and community leaders in the target area have been trained at the Mab-Euang Natural Agriculture Foundation.
3. Training course: the main content is agricultural development to the sufficiency economy system by the Natural Agriculture Network. This is to take 5 days and 4 nights, consisting of application of New Theory of Agriculture in the concept of sufficiency economy combined with local wisdom for soil and water management for agricultural area.
4. Workshop: this activity is organized for farmers to learn about participation, extension and to understand the concept of sufficiency economy system.
5. Joint activity: people and communities in the area propose to implement this project and staff of the study center will consider and, when appropriate, approve the project.
6. Finding support agencies: the Mab-Euang Natural Agriculture Center for Sufficiency Economy System, Mae Chaem District Office, Royal Forest Department and Chiang Mai Enterprise Social Enterprise Company Limited.
7. Field training: this activity is the real field training in the selected area, where land users and community members have been trained according to the concept of Khok-Nong-Na model.
8. Area improvement: the practices in the targeted area consist of 5 networks that work together in the land user’s area in the concept of Khok-Nong-Na model with trees and fruit trees in upland and rice cultivation in lowland or rice terraces in upland, including farm ponds. Moreover, this area will be the training and study site for other people in this area.
9. Study center: if this area is completely set up and all components of the Khok-Nong-Na model are installed, the site should be upgraded to be a study center in the future. Now this project has increased cooperation among agencies, i.e. Royal Irrigation Department, Land Development Department, both under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, and Department of Local Administration, Ministry of the Interior.
Autor:
Ms. Somjit Lertdisayawan
3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST
Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
- Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
Explique:
All land users had been trained by several agencies, and let they decide the suitable technology to their area.
Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:
- Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento
4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação
Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?
Sim
Especifique quem foi capacitado:
- Usuários de terra
Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.
-
Tipo de formação:
- Agricultor para agricultor
- Áreas de demonstração
- Cursos
Assuntos abordados:
Agricultural development to achieve a self-sufficiency economy system.
Comentários:
Training course 5 days and 4 nights before accepting to join the project.
4.2 Serviço de consultoria
Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?
Sim
Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:
- nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Descreva/comentários:
Monitor, evaluate and follow up in the area.
4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)
As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
- Sim, moderadamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
- Local
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
At present there are 21 household members in the group. There are rules and guidelines that indicate they must hold meetings and work together twice a week.
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
- Equipamento
Dê mais detalhes:
Tools to work in the area as spade, shovel, ploughs and also saplings of trees and fruit trees, and the costs for travelling, fuel and food when they work together.
4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação
Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?
Sim
Comentários:
Monitor, evaluate and follow up by Natural Agriculture Study Center and also local officers.
Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?
Não
Comentários:
-
4.5 Pesquisa
A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?
Não
5. Financiamento e apoio material externo
5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem
Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
- > 1.000.000
5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?
Sim
Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):
Agricultural equipment for land users to set up Khok-Nong-Na model such as spade, shovel, plough and also saplings of soil, trees and fruit trees by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives, and Natural Agriculture Study Center.
5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)
- Equipamento
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas | Em que medida | Especifique os subsídios |
---|---|---|
Ferramentas | Parcialmente financiado | Material and equipment for farming |
- Agrícola
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas | Em que medida | Especifique os subsídios |
---|---|---|
Sementes | Parcialmente financiado | Seed of crops and saplings of trees and fruit trees |
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
- Voluntário
Comentários:
The community network cooperative work together in their land.
5.4 Crédito
Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?
Não
5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
Sim
6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais
6.1 Impactos da abordagem
A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
All land users are trained to set up the Khok-Nong-Na model.
A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
A abordagem resultou em uso/fontes de energia mais sustentável?
- Não
- Sim, pouco
- Sim, moderadamente
- Sim, significativamente
6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
- Degradação do solo reduzida
This system can prevent soil erosion and store water in soil and farm pond
- Riscos de desastre reduzido
All land users can use their land for agricultural activities in the dry season
- Afiliação a movimento/projeto/grupo/rede
Participation and training program encourage land users to joint the community network
- Consciência ambiental
This system can increase biodiversity in this area
6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
- Incerto
Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:
All land users need to understand this model and government sector necessary to support in the early stage of development because they do not have enough budget to start this activity by themselves. Moreover, they have no bargaining power in finance, income and the market.
6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra |
---|
Improve and restore natural resources, i.e. environment, soil, water, and forest . |
This system would save labor, fuel and material cost of pumping water into the fields for fruit trees and various crops. |
The network members are harmonious and work together under the regulations and rules. |
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada |
---|
Many official and private agencies cooperate to work with strong network and community, so land users will use their land for agricultural activities and at the same time they would help in reforestation. |
This model will discourage all land users to do their slash-and-burn practice. |
6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra | Como eles podem ser superados? |
---|---|
Farmers have more work load per day to do it comfortably. | That is good to improve their soil and increase their products and income. |
They have not yet started to earn money at this time and have no ability to reduce their debts. | They would like the government to help with their debts. |
Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada | Como eles podem ser superados? |
---|---|
At the first stage they cannot produce agricultural products because they do not have enough water. | Local officers should recommend some short-period plants to generate income. |
This area has organic and green vegetable market in schools and hospitals nearby but farmers cannot produce sufficiently to serve the demand of that market. | This model should serve to help store more water in their area, to be sufficient for agricultural production. |
7. Referências e links
7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação
- visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
- entrevistas com usuários de terras
2
- compilação de relatórios e outra documentação existente
Ban Thap Subdistrict Administrative Organization
7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis
Título, autor, ano, ISBN:
=
Disponível de onde? Custos?
=
7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online
Título/ descrição:
Man changes the world SS4 TAPE 28: Mae Chaam model plus (9 Jul 18) 1/3
URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7Bex9ku_qY&feature
Título/ descrição:
Man changes the world SS4 TAPE 28: Mae Chaam model plus (9 Jul 18) 2/3
URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwY01nOLVvs&feature
Título/ descrição:
Man changes the world SS4 TAPE 28: Mae Chaam model plus (9 Jul 18) 3/3
URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doiZ8r6Bo9I&feature
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