1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Itália

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The PFI approach seeks to build on technical initiatives - innovation in the local context - developed by farmers themselves in dry/marginal areas where the conventional approach of transfer of technology from research to extension agents and then on to farmers has so often failed.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The objective of PFI is to stimulate technical innovation, in the field of land management, by farmers. The approach basically comprises indentifying, validating and documenting local innovations/initiatives. Simple monitoring and evaluation systems are set up amongst those innovative farmers who are willing to co-operate. Through contact with researchers, extra value is added to these techniques where possible.

Methods: Farmer innovators are brought together to share Ideas. Finally, best-bet technologies, in other words thos that are considered to be good enough to be sharedd, are disseminated through farmer-to-farmer extension. This takes two forms. First, farmers are brought to visit the innovators in their farms. Secondly, farmer innovators are used as teachers/trainers to visit groups of farmers - including FAO's farmer field schools in some cases. Only in this second form of extension is an allowance payable to the innovator. A ten-step field activity methodology has been developed.

Role of stakeholders: At programme level, there is capacity building of in-line extension and research staff, who are the main outside actors in the programme. In each of the countries the approach has been implemented through a government ministry and with NGOs in the field. The principle, and practice, is not to create seperate project enclaves, but to work through existing personnel, sharing buildings and vehicles that are already operational in the area. A programme development process methodological framework shows how the ultimate goal of institutionalisation can be achieved. PFI's first phase, completed in 2000, was financed by the Government of The Netherlands, through UNDP, and was active in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (better land husbandry practices (eg animal husbandry/ crop selection))

Improve rural livelihoods through an increase in the rate of diffusion and appropriate SLM/water harvesting technologies, promotion of farmer-farmer exchange, capacity building of farmers and supporting organisations, promotion of policy dialogue

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Poor supply of relevant recommendations from research for small-scale farmers in marginal areas, poor delivery of SLM technologies to farmers, lack of motivation of research and extension staff, isolation of promising innovative SLM ideas which address low crop yields, land degradation and poverty, lack of exchange of innovative knowledge.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Passivo	public meetings, interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, rapid/participatory rural appraisal
Planejamento	Participativo	rapid/participatory rural appraisal, interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, public meetings,
Implementação	Participativo	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: responsibility for major steps
Monitoramento/avaliação	Participativo	Mainly: public meetings, measurements/observations; partly: workshop/seminars;
Research	Participativo	Mainly: public meetings, measurements/observations; partly: workshop/seminars;

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST

Explique:

land user driven (bottom-up). farmers developed the technologies; field staff selected them

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. land user driven (bottom-up).

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

• SWC specialists, extensionists/trainer

Tipo de formação:

• Agricultor para agricultor
• Reuniões públicas
• Cursos

Assuntos abordados:

1. Training in presentation skills for farmer innovators 2. Facilitation of field days where innovators/ extension staff could present jointly (so farmers trained thereby)

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

Name of method used for advisory service: 'Farmer Innovation Approach'; Key elements: Identify Fis, Form networks of FIs groups which meet, Bring farmers to see 'best-bet' innovations; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, non-governmental agency 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, non-governmental agency; Extension staff: mainly government employees

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, moderadamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Reforço das capacidades/ formação

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored

technical aspects were regular monitored
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored

economic / production aspects were regular monitored

area treated aspects were ad hoc monitored

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: e.g. Better integration with government services/ system for technical backstopping and extension

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

research was slow to begin activities in this phase but supposed to be a key pillar in this farmer/ research/ extension linkage

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 100.000-1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Dutch Government): 60.0%; government (national): 20.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 20.0%

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Agrícola

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Voluntário

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

There may be some groups of farmers who will continue to meet and exchange ideas but this approach basically depends on a continuation (long term) of the farmer/ extension/ research interaction

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Gives them confidence
Offers them new and viable ideas from their peers

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Builds on local ideas (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: institutionalise the approach!)
Revitalises the extension service
Is attractive at all levels

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Research reluctant to respond to farmers' agenda	effort to convince researchers of benefits of joint research with farmers.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Depends on individual flexibility and commitment, does not follow the conventional institutional chain of command	training in skills and methodologies.
Sometimes confers too much prestige on a particular group of favoured farmers	rotate farmers who are the focus of attention.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Promoting Farmer Innovation (1999) Critchley et alVideo (same name)

Disponível de onde? Custos?

RELMA, Nairobiditto