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District Wheat Seed Association [Tajiquistão]

Асотсиатсияи тухмипарвари гандум дар сатхи нохия

approaches_2440 - Tajiquistão

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1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:
Especialista em GST:
Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
NCCR North-South (NCCR North-South) - Quirguizistão

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

10/03/2010

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The Seed Association was established with the aims of improving the living conditions, food security, land management and crop rotation systems in irrigated and rain fed areas. The Seed association in Muminabad is registered at a district level and coordinates the activities of the farmers and members.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The aim of this approach is to provide a long term wheat seed bank to improve food security in the district of Muminabad, Tajikistan. Previously, there was a lack of readily available good quality seed that was appropriate to the soil, and climatic conditions of the area. The aim of the approach was to provide cost effective, appropriate wheat seeds to farmers with more than 5h.a. of land. The farmers receive training and onsite support during the cultivation period, and in return have to adopt a crop rotation system, and give back to the association 150% of the originally received seed stock. The association continues to cultivate, and test, high quality seeds on its own land for distribution, and for selling at the local market to generate revenue to cover its operational costs.

Methods: The Association's members have to stick to a set of pre-determined conditions in order to join, and so operations can be controlled. The members must implement changes in agricultural practices, to support the work of the association. In return the members receive high quality tested seed, training and a support network.

Stages of implementation: The initial set up of the wheat association was provided by INGO (Caritas Switzerland) who provided the initial funding and support, which was supplemented by the provision of a 150h.a of arable land by the government. The initial five members of the association were provided with training in organisational set up and business development, they employed the services of an agronomist to help acquire appropriate seeds and develop a seed bank on the arable land. The association registered as a legal entity, and the INGO provided co-funding for agricultural machinery and fuel, for the development of the seed bank. Once sufficient seed was accumulated to start distribution, farmers with just 5h.a. of irrigated land were invited to become members. The members had to provide land user documentation, accept to undertake crop rotation techniques, and follow the advice of the association’s agronomist in return for free seed.

Role of stakeholders: The role of the stakeholders is to follow all the rules of the association, which include the strict compliance with a set of pre-determined conditions laid out in a contract. There is a strong element of trust among the association and its members. Such an environment helps make the wheat growing in the district successful.

Other important information: The approach is highly reliant on effective communication between the association's specialists and it's members. The members communicate with specialists regarding technological issues, land management and other issues that are not clear in the process. In return, the association through the agronomist provides timely support, advice and materials (e.g. fertiliser, pesticides). If the members are very successful and produce high quality seed from the association’s batch, the association will buy all the seed the farmer cultivated, and use it to improve the seed stock of the district.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Tajiquistão

Região/Estado/Província:

Tajikistan, Khatlon

Especificação adicional de localização:

Muminabad

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Indique o ano de início:

2006

Ano de término (caso a abordagem não seja mais aplicada):

2010

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

  • Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Improvement in yields and quaility of the wheat crops.)

To establish an organisation that would be able to provide easily accessible, reasonably priced, high quality wheat seed to the local land users. To ensure that the organisation was sustainable through the testing of the seed, creating a local seed bank, and by providing practical training to farmers on wheat cultivation and harvesting. The long term goal was to continue to build the capacity of the seed bank so that the association could increase the number of beneficaries/members.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main issues that were addressed included a lack of availability of wheat seeds and the fact that those available were of poor quality so produced low yields. The final wheat harvest was of such a low standard that majority of the harvest ended up as cattle feed. Some of the wheat seeds purchased outside the district were not appropriate for the climatic soil conditions of this district. The land users also had a fundamental lack of knowledge about wheat production, which was compounded by labour migration of many of the skilled male population to Russia.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
  • Inibitivo

The farmers sometimes do not return seeds to the association as per their contract.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: A contract is signed between the Wheat Association and the land user. The association writes a letter to the farmer stating that if the farmer does not bring back the seeds, the association will write a letter to the district court.

Quadro institucional
  • Inibitivo

The staff of the Wheat Association lacked experience in organisational set up and operation.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: A series of business training sessions were provided for the staff, and an agronomist monitored the seed production.

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)
  • Propício

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: Land owners with 5h.a. of agricultural land have certificates of use. However, if the minimum area was reduced from 5h.a. it could present issues where no formal documentation is currently in place.

  • Inibitivo

The wheat association has to ensure that the land user has a land user certificate, or a contract to rent the land.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: The relevant documentation is checked before seeds are issued.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
  • Inibitivo

The association was provided with 150 h.a to produce seed, however it needed materials, labour and equipment to cultivate wheat on this land.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Initial support was provided through funding provided by an INGO.

Outro
  • Inibitivo

The Wheat Association needed 150 h.a. to act as a seed bank.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: This land was provided by the local government. However, this could also be overcome by renting the land required.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

  • Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

Land users with more than 5h.a. were the main target group.

There are currently contracts in place with around 90 men and 9 women. This is due to the stipulation that the land user is required to have 5h.a of irrigated land before they will be provided with seed by the association.

A land user proposed the idea to the NGO, who developed the idea in collaboration with local agronomists.

Supported in establishing and publicising the operations of the association.

  • Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola
  • Organização não governamental

International non-government

Financed the initial set up costs.

  • Governo local

Supported by providing buildings, land and documentation.

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação Passivo Land users developed the orginal concept and ideas.
Planejamento Apoio externo Local agronomists and local government were involved in the planning stage.
Implementação Automobilização The members of the association are responsible for the implementation of the project.
Monitoramento/avaliação Automobilização The agronomist continues to check cultivated plots.
Research Apoio externo Research was undertaken on the suitability of different seed types for the agro-climatic zone.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

Organisational Chart showing the establishment set up of the Wheat Association

Autor:

Sady Odinashoev (Muminabad, Tajikistan)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
Explique:

The land users are provided with the seed to improve the yield and quality of the crops, under the supervision of the agronomist from the association.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. The agronomist provides ongoing support to the land user during the cultivation period.

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:
  • Usuários de terra
  • Equipe de campo/consultores
Tipo de formação:
  • Em exercício
  • Agricultor para agricultor
  • Áreas de demonstração
  • Cursos
Assuntos abordados:

Workshops were conducted on wheat cultivation, crop rotation techniques, and seed types to the land users.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Não

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
  • Sim, significativamente
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
  • Local
Especifique o tipo de apoio:
  • Reforço das capacidades/formação
Dê mais detalhes:

Local laboratory, government agricutural department.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Statistics on amount of seed produced.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Number of members of the association.

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: Site visits to check on production

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff through measurements; indicators: The land cultivated by the members is checked regularly.

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: INGO monotoring progress.

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by other through observations; indicators: None

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

There were many changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Changes in the cultivation methodologies are frequently made based upon the site visits, and the advice provided by the agronomist working for the association.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:
  • Tecnologia
Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Research was conducted by the NGO on the most appropraite seed types for this agro-climatic zone.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
  • 10.000-100.000
Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Provided the land and building for the association.): 20.0%; international non-government (Fully financed): 80.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

The state provided 150h.a of land, and a building for running the operations and storage of seed stocks.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

  • Equipamento
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas Em que medida Especifique os subsídios
Maquinário Totalmente financiado Tractors, fuel, ploughs,seed cleaning equipment.
  • Agrícola
Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas Em que medida Especifique os subsídios
Sementes Totalmente financiado
Fertilizantes Totalmente financiado
pesticides Totalmente financiado
Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:
  • Voluntário
Comentários:

All the intial set up equipment and inputs were provided by external finance.

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique:

Local laboratory, government agricutural department

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The quality of the soil improved due the requirement of the association to introduce crop rotation methods to the areas used for wheat cultivation.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente
Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The land users are sustaining a higher yield from their plot and subsequently experiencing higher returns in the local markets.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The association sells higher quality seed to land users with smaller plots, ensuring quality and fair prices. It also means that many families have sufficient wheat to meet their own needs.

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

  • Produção aumentada

To improve wheat production in the area.

  • Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício

To improve yields and have a product to sell on the local markets.

  • Afiliação a movimento/projeto/grupo/rede

The network allows for the sharing of ideas and lessons learnt.

  • well-being and livelihoods improvement

Increase in productivity, leads to increased disposable incomes and food stocks.

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Sim
Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

The assocaition is set up so that members have to return 150% of the seed that they use from the association. This seed is either sown, or sold on to continue to finance the assocaition's operational costs. The association also has the right to buy all the seed produced by one of its members if the cultivated seed is of exceptional quality.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Free advice and training were very useful. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To be in contact with Association)
Less expensive wheat production and their associated products in the district (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More land users should work with the association.)
No need to go to other regions in search of wheat seed (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To be a member of the association)
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
It provides an opportunity to women who have arable land to learn about wheat production and crop rotation so that they can use their land more effectively. This is in direct response to the amount of male skilled labour migration. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: More women land users could be encouraged to use the association, maybe the membership conditions could be reduced so that more women would be eligible to join.)
Seed testing ensures the high quality of the seed. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Further training and support on seed testing.)
The approach involves active participation from the local government. Therefore there is an appreciation of the operations of the association. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The government could encourage participation of the state owned farms.)
It provides a quality seed bank for small farmers who do not meet the membership requirements for which they can purchase seed. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The membership requirements could be reviewed, possibly different levels of membership could be established.)
Improvement in the wheat seed stock in the region, and less dependence upon outside seed stocks that may not be the most appropriate for the soil and climatic conditions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: It could be established in different districts.)
It forces farmers to adopt improved farming practices through crop rotation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Farmers should be encourged to adopt crop rotation for other crops other than wheat.)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra Como eles podem ser superados?
The association members needs personal competence in business operation and wheat production. A series of training sessions could be conducted before the establishement of the association, also cross visits to other associations to observe their operations.
Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada Como eles podem ser superados?
There are extensive initial set up costs. Through donor money, or through loans possibly based upon the selling of percentages of the seed bank in subsequent years.

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

  • visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo
  • entrevistas com usuários de terras

Módulos