1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

NamibRand Nature Reserve

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Namibia University of Science and Technology ( NUST) - Namíbia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

01/11/2017

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Seventeen former sheep farms have been joined to form the world’s largest private nature reserve aimed at regenerating biodiversity to support high-quality low-impact tourism, environmental education and research. All farm owners are members of the management association.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

The NamibRand Nature Reserve is a not-for-profit organisation in south-western Namibia. It was founded in 1984 through the initiative of one farm owner, Albi Brueckner, who agreed, with 16 neighbouring farmers, to jointly manage their 215,000 ha for nature conservation and tourism. Its aims are:
To conserve biodiversity for the benefit of future generations and protect the sensitive and fragile environment.
To create a nature reserve with a healthy and functioning ecosystem, providing a sanctuary for flora and fauna, and to facilitate seasonal migratory routes in partnership with neighbours.
To promote sustainable utilisation – through ecologically sustainable and high-quality tourism and other projects.
To achieve a commercially viable operation to ensure continuity and financial independence.
The NamibRand Nature Reserve’s contributions to biodiversity conservation, in accordance with the environmental management plan, include the following:
• Removal of over 2,000 km of fencing to reinstate wildlife migration routes.
• Re-introduction of giraffe and cheetah.
• Bolstering numbers of red hartebeest and plains zebra.
• Removal of alien invasive vegetation such as Prosopis species and replacing these with indigenous Acacias.
• Zonation according to land use areas, including the setting aside 15% of the reserve as a wilderness area.
• Limiting overnight visitors to an average of one bed per 1,000 ha, and 25 beds per location.
• Conducting annual game counts, with results posted on the website www.namibrand.org
• Monitoring the endemic Hartmann’s mountain zebra through the use of camera traps. Results are at: http://www.nnf.org.na/project/mountain-zebra-project/13/1/12.html
• Continuous monitoring of drivers and determinants of environmental change to guide the management plan. Results are posted online at: http://www.landscapesnamibia.org/sossusvlei-namib/rainfall-monitoring
• Hosting researchers to study game migration routes. Results of wildlife monitoring, through the use of GPS collars are at: http://www.landscapesnamibia.org/sossusvlei-namib/research
• Hosting the Namib Desert Environmental Education Trust (NaDEET), to empower and educate schoolchildren for a sustainable future. It operates an environmental education and sustainable living centre (www.nadeet.org).
• A lighting management plan to qualify as an international dark sky reserve that avoids negative consequences of light pollution on biodiversity – which can interfere with animal navigation, reduce the hunting success of predators and prevent moths from pollinating (http://www.darksky.org/idsp/reserves/namibrand)
• A water management plan, including monitoring of the impact of a water hole on the surrounding vegetation.
• Implementation of tourism and land use zonation plans.
• Capture and sale of live game for wildlife population management purposes.
• Plans to develop a horticultural project to grow indigenous medicinal plants for commercial production, creating local jobs and income for conservation.
Rangeland management is achieved largely through continual monitoring and control of animal populations, and the balance between functional groups of their species, and turning off the water supply where grasses are in need of rest. Local outreach efforts focus mainly on predator-livestock management on neighbouring farms.
Stakeholders comprise the land owners, who agree on joint management, and the tourism concessionaires who operate in the reserve under contract. The reserve employs 12 people who are responsible for day-to-day management and maintenance. Biodiversity and land management are funded from park fees collected by the concessionaires from tourists who stay at their establishments. This small management team is possible, because tourism concessionaires offer scenic game drives across the reserve, while on the lookout for required action. For example, guides report issues such as leaking water pipes, unusual wildlife sightings, injured animals, and trespassers (etc.) to reserve managers, who can then react.
Land owners who have connected their land to the reserve and are members of the NamibRand Nature Reserve Association have the option of serving as directors of the association, with joint decision making powers. Those who choose not can still contribute to the strategic mission of the reserve at annual general meetings.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.4 Vídeos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Iniciativa/inovação local recente

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The approach aims, through participatory land use planning, to restore ecosystem function in the reserve and its surroundings to support high-quality, low-impact tourism that provides the means to support environmental education and other conservation projects.
The overall Strategic Vision of the NamibRand Nature Reserve is to manage the Pro-Namib area, alongside the Namib Desert, for the enhanced conservation of the landscape and its biodiversity.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Automobilização	The founding farm owner approached philanthropic donors to buy neighbouring farms and invest in tourism facilities and environmental education centre.
Planejamento	Apoio externo	In 1991, external experts provided advice for planning of the reserve. Influential persons involved included Chris Brown, Hugh Berry and Haino Rumpf of the Ministry of Environment, and Mary Seely of the Desert Research Foundation.
Implementação	Automobilização	Management staff were appointed in 1991, and paid for from the conservation levy raised from use of tourism facilities in the reserve.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Automobilização	Reserve management staff do the monitoring, paid for by the conservation levy.
research	Apoio externo	Research institutions conduct research after paying a small service fee.

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST

Explique:

The Reserve's vision and mission were set up by its directors, who comprise farm owners willing to serve in this decision making role, at the Initiation workshop in 1991. Management actions were then Implemented under the guidance of various specialists.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

• Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
• Resultados de pesquisa
• Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra
• Equipe de campo/consultores

• Tourism concessionaires

Tipo de formação:

• Em exercício
• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas

Tipo de formação:

• Exchange visits

Assuntos abordados:

Biodiversity conservation, financial management, tourism best practices, principles of co-management, human-wildlife conflict resolution, rehabilitation.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra
• Em centros permanentes

Descreva/comentários:

Advice is provided by the Namibia Chamber of Environment, the Namibia Nature Foundation, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism Resource Centre, the Namibia University of Science and Technology, the Giraffe Conservation Fund and other wildlife biologists on issues such as determination of wildlife carrying capacities.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, significativamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

NamibRand Nature Reserve Association. All land owners are members, who elect the directors. They manage the reserve according to an agreed strategy.

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Financeiro

Dê mais detalhes:

Hiring of lawyers and auditors/accountants to establish the association.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

Impacts are monitored to feed back into management.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Ecologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Determination of wildlife carrying capacities by wildlife biologists.

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 100.000-1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Self funded from conservation levy collected from tourism income.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Não

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

Through income largely derived from tourism and partly from sale of captured game animals in accordance with the environmental management plan.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
The reserve is centrally and holistically managed by a team.
Resilience attained by the large unfenced ecosystem.
Land users coming together to sign and form a legally recognised body that is more robust.
Tourism is more profitable and sustainable than agriculture for such a hyper arid region.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Resilience to climate change through natural resources, using the competitive advantage of nature.
Private property excludes communal demands and allows fast and easy decision making on land use.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
There is currently no legislative support from government for protection of private land.	The new wildlife bill being drafted makes provision for privately protected areas.
In the eyes of the Ministry of Lands, there are only two types of land, either urban and gazetted (e.g. parks) or agricultural (subject to land tax).	Include a third category of land for protected areas, such as the desert margin being non-agricultural.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

A Guidebook to the NamibRand Nature Reserve, 2017, ISBN 978-99945-85-14-4

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Local bookshops for approximately USD25

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Website of NamibRand Nature Reserve

URL:

www.namibrand.org

Título/ descrição:

Website of Namib Desert Environmental Education Trust

URL:

www.nadeet.org