1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Book project: Guidelines to Rangeland Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rangeland Management)

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

28/02/201

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The Chyulu Hills REDD+ project combines two government agencies, three local NGOs and four communities together under a unified banner, the Chyulu Hills Conservation Trust (CHCT). The objective is to set-up a 30-year ‘payment for ecosystem service’ scheme in the landscape. A main goal of the project is to improve grazing and livestock management to prevent further degradation of the rangeland and forest resources.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

The Chyulu Hills, in southern Kenya, are a volcanic mountain range approximately 100 km long, and form a central pillar of the much larger Tsavo-Amboseli ecosystem which constitutes several national parks, forest reserves and community-owned pastoral land. The emission reduction project established in 2011 under the REDD+ umbrella (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) covers 410,000 hectares of both community and public land around the hills. REDD+ offers financial incentives to developing countries to manage and use their forests responsibly. Payments are channelled through the Trust to support land users for quantifiably reducing emissions.
REDD+ creates financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. REDD+ goes beyond simply stopping further deforestation and forest degradation by including sustainable management and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
This area is home to 140,000 people including Maasai pastoralists to the west, and Kamba farming communities to the east. This land is widely used for livestock production; must of it under communal tenure. Recent pressures, notably increasing populations and changes in land tenure, have led to unsustainable uses of natural resources, threatening the functioning of the ecosystem, through the degradation of the rangeland and over-exploitation of forest resources. This includes cutting of trees for firewood, charcoal, uncontrolled fires, and weakening of traditional grazing management systems.
The Chyulu Hills REDD+ project aims to protect its rangeland and forest landscapes by creating an alternative income opportunity, and improving both livestock and rangeland management, while preventing the emission of over 18 million tons of carbon dioxide over the project’s 30-year lifetime.
This is the first REDD+ project in Kenya that is fully owned and managed by the local community, a vital factor in ensuring sustained impact. Through the project, land users receive financial support per hectare for maintaining or improving carbon stocks above and below ground. Previous REDD+ projects have often been criticised for not properly engaging local communities or addressing their needs.
To achieve this, the Chyulu Hills Conservation Trust (CHCT) was formed in 2015 to act as the project governing body. The Trust represents multiple stakeholders from the community, government, and local NGOs including the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust (MMWCT), Big Life Foundation (BLF), and the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust (DSWT). The government is also represented through the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) and Kenya Forest Service (KFS), whose mandates include the Chyulu Hills National Park and the Kibwezi Forest Reserve. The national park is used on an informal basis by the communities for dry season grazing, although access is severely limited by water, and also by disease.
The communities are represented by four Maasai group ranches, who manage the land and its resources. These group ranches are areas of communally titled land. The three NGOs have the technical capacity to advise, provide strategic guidance and assist in implementation of the project activities. They are already involved in helping communities to develop and manage conservation areas, and to improve sustainable use of natural resources.
Proceeds from the sale of Voluntary Emission Reductions (VERs) flow through the CHCT to initiatives/projects which benefit the community and environment. Early in 2017 the first verification was completed, and shortly afterwards the first marketable carbon credits went on sale, providing income to the CHCT for protecting and improving their carbon stock.
To ensure equitable and transparent sharing of proceeds from carbon sales, a revenue allocation model was implemented to fund (i) office and project costs, (ii) discretionary sub-projects, and (iii) to provide strategic investments to counter drivers of deforestation and land degradation.
The proposed investments into the CHCT area to improve rangeland condition comprise several components. The first component is to support grazing management plans to help restore governance over resources, and ensure sustainable use. This should encourage the recovery of perennial grasses, increase grass cover, and create a heterogeneous forage base. The second focus is value addition to beef marketing through collaborative partnerships. This should encourage pastoralists to focus on management of the rangelands to support the production of higher quality cattle. In the long run this will increase revenue generation for livestock farmers, and stimulate the communities to manage their rangeland better.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

Provide carbon based funding to a local community trust to protect and improve the management of the Chyulu Hills and the surrounding ecosystem.
This project aims to:
- Deliver community benefits (such as health care, school bursaries, and income generating activities).
- Enhance forest protection (through protection, management and monitoring).
- Protect biodiversity.
- Restore degraded rangelands (improved livestock management and marketing).
- Enhance local governance.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	Initial conversations were motivated by two international NGOs (Conservation International and the African Wildlife Foundation). The project partners then held a large number of community meetings under the principle of free prior and informed consent (FPIC) to develop a unified platform to begin the process of investigating a mechanism in order to create an inclusive and fair REDD+ project (mainly lead by KWF).
Planejamento	Participativo	Planning of the project activities to be carried out under the REDD+ project was undertaken through a wide consultative process led by Conservation International, via community meetings and key information interviews. These are all captured in the Project Development Document (PDD) freely available online.
Implementação	Participativo	Implementation of the project was spearheaded by the project partners with technical and strategic guidance from Conservation International, including the validation, verification and initial sales of carbon credits. Local communities were closely involved in the development of the revenue allocation plan, the Trust structure, and development of the project activities and work plan.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Participativo	M&E is conducted by all involved NGOs and government agencies, and coordinated by one NGO currently holding the Project Office. Community members are integral to the collection and interpretation of data during this process.

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa

Explique:

Activities under this plan are implemented through both SLM experts and communities. The grazing management and livestock production activities originate from conversations between the communities, NGO partners and experts on rangeland management and livestock marketing and sale. These technologies are still in the early stages of development.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

• Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
• Resultados de pesquisa
• Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra
• Equipe de campo/consultores

Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.

A significant number of training has taken place so far. One example is training local women on grass seed bank management and farming, as well as building capacity of local scouts in wildlife data collection.

Tipo de formação:

• Em exercício
• Áreas de demonstração

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Não

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, significativamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local
• Regional

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

The Chyulu Hills Conservation Trust was established through this approach to bring together the two government agencies, the three local NGOs, and four community groups. The organisation is continually being strengthened with direct funding provided to the project office.

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Financeiro
• Reforço das capacidades/ formação
• Equipamento

Dê mais detalhes:

One of the local NGOs has been appointed as in-charge of the Project Office, holding the responsibility for oversight and coordination across all partners, as well as management of the verification and audit events.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

The REDD + carbon scheme documents forest, woody cover, and soil carbon, and is the main monitoring mechanism. Monitoring of rangeland condition, such as species composition, grass quality and quantity and ground cover is undertaken to evaluate the effect of changes in grazing management and livestock marketing.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Economia/Marketing
• Ecologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Research was conducted to establish the potential of the landscape for carbon sequestration for the REDD+ scheme.

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 100.000-1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

The initial implementation of the project cost more than 1 million USD over the course of six years. This was used to build community consensus, establish trust, measure carbon stocks within the areas and obtain validation and verification under two internationally acknowledged standards (the Verified Carbon Standard, and the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Implementation of the project was supported through funding by two international NGOs, and enhanced by project partners.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Nenhum

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

The collaborative nature of the project, and the establishment of the Trust allows the community to sustain the approach due to the ongoing support of local NGOs and government. If the CHCT cannot sell Carbon Credits via the REDD+ scheme, then there will be severe limitations on the ability of the project to implement activities.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Communities are directly represented in the implementation of activities through representatives
There are clear potential financial benefits derived from the project through internal granting, community projects, and employment.
The approach will help improve the production of the rangeland and value of beef based products.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Collaborative approach to Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) which includes all the stakeholders required for successful implementation, including local representation, technical expertise, and national government agencies.
The approach tackles a range of drivers that have led to resource over exploitation and degradation, and has a clear plan and revenue allocation strategy to ensure an effective and equitable implementation of technologies to tackle these drivers.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Perceived imposition of grazing and rangeland management from NGOs, community leaders and the Trust Collaborative	Development of technologies to be implemented under this approach through the Group Ranch committees and local consultation with landowners.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Dependency on the REDD+ funding channels may lead to financial constraints if carbon credit sales do not happen.	Develop alternative financing mechanism beyond the sale of carbon credit.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação