1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric (National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric) - Butão

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

16/07/2023

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The Community Forest Management Group (CFMG) functions with an aim to sustainably manage and utilize potential Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFP) such as cane and bamboo to diversify income sources. The Jangbi CFMG comprises three Monpa (indigenous) communities viz. Jangbi, Wangling and Phrumzur. The group's main mandates are to maintain raw material (bamboo and cane) germplasm, uphold the ancestral arts and crafts skills, and ensure the sustainable harvest of natural raw materials.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Tsharzo (bamboo craft) is popular in the eastern and southern parts of Bhutan where raw materials such as bamboo and cane are abundant. Tsharzo makes use of cane and bamboo to weave products such as orongbhazib (backpack), lapchu (hand basket), chungchu (basket), bechab (winnow), tsew (basket to carry fodder, fruits, shoots etc.) and pari (mats), among others. The Community Forest Management Group (CFMG) under Jangbi chiwog, Trongsa Dzongkhag is called Monpa Selwai Yoezer Tshogpa. The Jangbi CFMG is one of the successful groups that promote bamboo and cane products in the country. The group consists of 59 households (HH) from three villages, Jangbi (23 HH), Wangling (22 HH), and Phrumzur (14 HH). The group was formed under the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on 14 April 2000, and officially came into play in 2007, upon drafting the bylaws. The bylaws were revised upon the need for further improvement in the year 2018. The group was formed to promote and enhance bamboo and cane products, thereby sustaining the existing trend and culture of the community. The group's main mandates are to maintain raw material germplasm (namely bamboo and cane), uphold ancestral arts and crafts skills, and ensure the sustainable harvest of natural raw materials.
The group received initial fund support of Nu. 1,400,000 from UNDP and Nu. 800,000 from Bhutan Orchids, a non-governmental organization (NGO). The government has given a total of 45 acres of land to the land users of Jangbi CFMG to plant bamboo and cane. Out of the 45 acres, 15 acres of land are collectively managed by all the land users of Jangbi CFMG for nursery raising. And 10 acres each is managed by each village under Jangbi chiwog for plantation activities. The land users plant different varieties of bamboo on the land. Some major activities carried out by the group involve documentation of the existing stock of cane and bamboo and new plantations. Cane and bamboo plantations are fenced to protect against wild and domestic animals.
Initially, Tsharzo in Jangbi CFMG was taken up on a contract basis. However, the proposal to establish a community Tsharzo group named Monpa Selwai Yoezer Tshogpa was approved by the Dzongkhag administration and was funded by the UNDP. Upon approval of the proposal, the Dzongkhag Forestry Department assisted the land users in land development (nursery development) for the cultivation of bamboo and cane in the allocated areas on 45 acres of state-owned land. The stakeholders involved in the formation of CFMG were the community members of Jangbi, Wangling, and Phumzur villages, of Jangbi chiwog, an NGO (Bhutan Orchids), the gewog administration, the forestry department, and UNDP. The community members’ roles included carrying out fieldwork (plantation of bamboo and cane, their maintenance) and engaging in decision-making processes under CFMG. The gewog administration supported the group with technical, financial, and advisory services. The NGO provided fund support of Nu. 800,000 and UNDP provided initial fund support of Nu. 1,400,000. The forestry department sourced the initial funds from UNDP, formulated bylaws, and facilitated hands-on training on bamboo and cane plantations.
The benefits of the approach include the establishment of dedicated germplasm, sustainable harvest of natural raw materials, conservation and promotion of ancestral arts and crafts skills, social cohesion through group formation, and employment opportunities. Bamboo and cane plantations play a great role in preventing soil degradation. Bamboo and cane have extensive root systems that help prevent erosion, stabilize soil, and reduce landslide risks. They are excellent for revegetation as they quickly establish themselves. Bamboo is also an efficient carbon sink, absorbing significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This helps mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations. Bamboo and cane provide habitats for some organisms thereby increasing biodiversity. Products made from bamboo and cane are biodegradable, reducing the environmental impact.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The group's main aims are:
i. To maintain raw material germplasm (bamboo and cane).
ii. Uphold the ancestral arts and crafts skills.
iii. To ensure sustainable harvest of natural raw materials.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	In the year 2000, a few community representatives approached the Forestry officials to explore the market and sale plans for bamboo and cane products. The representatives expressed an interest in acting as vendors. In return, the forestry officials suggested instituting a group. Hence, the idea of Community Forest Management Group (CFMG) was conceived for managing cane and bamboo species (non-wood forest produce).
Planejamento	Passivo	The fund securing was supported by Gewog Administration whereas formulation of a management plan and by-laws was technically supported by forestry officials, Department of Forests and Park Services.
Implementação	Participativo	Following the sensitization program from UNDP and the Gewog Administration, a hands-on training program was conducted by forestry officials on bamboo and cane plantations.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Automobilização	The monitoring activities are carried out by the group members themselves on an annual basis. As such, the scale-up programs are limited due to budget constraints.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)

Explique:

The community expressed their interest in marketing their already existing bamboo and cane products to the erstwhile Forestry Office. Their main objectives were to enhance the livelihoods of the Monpa community through the sale of bamboo and cane products, uphold their ancestor's legacies and traditions, and ensure the sustainability of the raw materials.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

• Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.

All the group members (both male and female) were trained.

Tipo de formação:

• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas

Assuntos abordados:

The members were trained on the plantation and management of bamboo and cane and about their germplasm.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra
• Em centros permanentes

Descreva/comentários:

The CFMG is under the jurisdiction of the Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park under the Department of Forests and Park Services. The advisory services are provided by the Langthel Park Range Office.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, significativamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

The sale of bamboo and cane products has helped diversify the income sources of the group members and improve their living standards.

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Financeiro

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

The monitoring and evaluation of the management plan is conducted by group members and Department of Forests and Park Services. In order to ensure the proper implementation of activities, annual monitoring is conducted by the executive committee members (Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer) based on the management plan prescriptions and by-laws framed for a period of 10 years. Similarly, the respective field office conducts annual monitoring of the group and submits the report to the Department for review and accordingly advice the field offices to carry out the corrective measures. Based on the Forest and Nature Conservation Act and Rules, a midterm evaluation on the 5th year and final evaluation on the 10th year of the plan period is conducted by the Department of Forests and Park Services for monitoring of the activities planned for 10 years. The monitoring and evaluation report for the group shall determine the revision and implementation of the plan for next 10 years.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Não

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• < 2.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

The total fund supported by UNDP and Bhutan Orchids was Nu. 1,400,000 and Nu. 800,000 respectively. These budgets were granted for both the institution of the group and the initiation of technology implementation. The fund support was for the commencement of bamboo and cane plantations in the initial year. There is no funding now and the land users now manage the plantation activities themselves.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

The total fund of Nu. 2,200,000 was supported by UNDP and Bhutan Orchids to institute the group, and to initiate the technology implementation.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Nenhum

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Não

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

Since the establishment, no additional funds have been provided to the community. However, the land users earn income from the sale of bamboo products, and whatever activities related to the approach arise like the need for plantations after harvest or care of some plantations, the land users work together. So, land users have been sustaining what has been implemented through the approach. The bamboo and cane plantations give raw materials to the land users and the land users in turn from their income of bamboo and cane products replace harvested rhizomes.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Preserve and promote ancestral arts and crafts skills.
Dedicated germplasm (bamboo and cane) established.
Income generation through the sale of bamboo and cane products.
Sustainable harvest of natural raw materials.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Social cohesion through collaboration and coordination among the land users in the group.
Bamboo and cane have extensive root systems that help prevent erosion, stabilize soil, and reduce landslide risks.
Employment opportunities.
Products made from bamboo and cane are biodegradable, reducing the environmental impact.
Higher vegetation cover.
Sustainable utilization of forest resources (bamboo and cane).
Diversify income sources of the land users.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
The identified germplasm area lacks suitable places for convenient plantations. The majority of the area is rugged terrain and steep.	Exclude the steep and rugged terrains. Explore and identify suitable and convenient areas for plantation.
The wooden fencing poles surrounding the germplasm area are not durable (cannot withstand barbed wires for longer periods).	Replace the wooden fencing poles with steel posts or other durable materials.
No funds to scale up. For instance, the canes lost in the 2017 forest fire have not been re-generated like bamboo.	Additional funds are to be sought to scale up the plantation programs.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Bamboo/cane plantation to sustain Monpa livelihood

URL:

https://kuenselonline.com/bamboocane-plantation-to-sustain-monpa-livelihood/

Título/ descrição:

Monpa, the early settlers of Bhutan in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park and conservation strategy

URL:

https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/monpa-the-early-settlers-of-bhutan-in-jigme-singye-wangchuck-nati

Título/ descrição:

Monpas of Bhutan: A Study of Tribal Survival and Development Responses

URL:

https://architales.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/03-Raghubir-CHANDp25-37.pdf