1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Soil protection and rehabilitation for food security (ProSo(i)l)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Alliance Bioversity and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (Alliance Bioversity-CIAT) - Quênia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

01/03/2023

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Promoting the values of different trees and their benefits in agroforestry contributes to increased adoption by farmers.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Agroforestry involves the integration of trees and/ or shrubs in a farming system on the same land where crops or pastures are grown. It offers significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. Agroforestry also enables farmers to diversify their on-farm income. Furthermore, it contributes to climate change adaptation and mitigation and improves the environment within the farm, especially soils. However, not every farmer is willing to adopt agroforestry. Trees and shrubs take up space that would have been dedicated to crops or pasture: this is a primary reason why farmers are not willing to plant trees and/ or shrubs on their farms. Similarly, many farmers do not clearly understand the values of some trees and shrubs. It is, therefore, essential to overcome the barriers to adopting agroforestry among farmers.

The ProSoil project has created awareness among farmers in Kakamega, Bungoma, and Siaya Counties about the more efficient and profitable tree and shrub-based value chains to attract farmers to agroforestry and pave the way for greater uptake. The farmers were targeted through their groups. Each group consisting of about 25 farmers, and with at least 30% women. Farmers are introduced to trees and/ or shrubs that blend well with their farming system. In addition, farmers choose trees and/ or shrubs based on the sizes of their farming land and their respective benefits. Farmers can plant trees and shrubs as single stands or integrate them into farming land. They can also plant agroforestry trees around their homesteads. A single stand can have, for example, mangos, avocados, and/or other trees. The project advocates for a more sustainable win-win approach where farmers and the environment benefit from an agroforestry system. Some of the benefits of trees and shrubs, as highlighted by the project, include the following:

a) Soil erosion control: trees and shrubs are planted on across slopes to slow down runoff and trap sediment (consequently, accumulating soil – this can form terraces after several years). Their roots hold the soil in place and reduce the impact of moving water.
b) Stabilising stream banks and gullies (e.g., Leucaena leucocephala, Sesbania grandiflora, Moringa oleifera, etc.): help to reduce soil erosion along streams and gullies when planted at the medium- to high-level watermark. Their roots hold the soil in place and reduce the impact of moving water.
c) Green manure (e.g., Sesbania sesban, Tithonia sp., etc.): from foliage and twigs.
d) Live fences (e.g., Tithonia sp.): used as boundaries to provide privacy and protection from browsing animals.
e) Windbreakers (e.g., Casuarina equisetifolia, Grevillea robusta, Leucaena leucocephala, etc.): planted in one or two rows/ lines closely together along the edges of the farm and perpendicular to winds to protect crops, soils, and structures from the detrimental effects of wind.
f) Fodder (e.g., Grevillea robusta, Sesbania sesban, Leucaena leucocephala, etc.): foliage is food for livestock.
g) Food (e.g., mangoes, avocadoes, etc.): a human food source.
h) Carbon sequestration (all trees and shrubs): they act as carbon sinks by capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Both traditional practice and project based: farmers have been growing trees and shrubs on their farms but the ProSoil project introduced them to more beneficial trees and better ways of producing the trees e.g., through grafting.

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

Aim: To promote the adoption of agroforestry.

Objectives:
1) To introduce farmers to the diverse benefits of trees in farming.
2) To encourage farmers to incorporate trees and/ or shrubs in their farming.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Automobilização	Farmers involved in the training in agroforestry.
Planejamento	Participativo	Farmers consulted on where and when to establish demos of agroforestry tree nurseries.
Implementação	Automobilização	Although farmers are advised which trees are better for their farms, they are the final decision makers on which trees and shrubs to incorporate in their farms.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Passivo	Interviews with implementing farmers.
	Nenhum

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST

Explique:

The ProSoil project team provides technical support on the selection of trees based on the diverse needs of farmers, and the sizes and locations of their farms. However, the final decision to plant which type(s) of trees and where to plant them at the farm rests with the farmer.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

• Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
• Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

Tipo de formação:

• Agricultor para agricultor
• Áreas de demonstração

Assuntos abordados:

1. Different trees in agroforestry and their benefits
2. Tree nursery management
3. Grafting
4. Agroforestry systems
5. Value addition to agroforestry products and marketing

Comentários:

Welthungerhilfe contracted SLM specialists from the county departments of agriculture and environment to train farmers and carry out demonstrations on tree planting and value addition in their groups during sessions organized by the ProSoil project. Other farmers are learning from the trained farmers. These specialists also advice farmers during farm visits.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra
• Em centros permanentes

• Specific locations where the farmers interact with the technical officers and at their farms.

Descreva/comentários:

Farmers were trained in their groups at specific venues during sessions organized by the ProSoil project/ WHH. Other farmers are learning from the trained farmers. These specialists also advice farmers during farm visits.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, pouco

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

Farmers have formed groups such as Ndati Development Self-Help Group e.g., to run tree nurseries. The groups consist of several men and women of diverse ages. Farmers develop funding and other support proposals through the groups.

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Reforço das capacidades/ formação
• Equipamento

Dê mais detalhes:

Trainings in agroforestry, markets, tree propagation, etc.
Nursery materials and equipment including water tanks, seeds and grafting tools

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

GIZ and Welthungerhilfe regularly follows up with farmers to check on the implementation of technologies promoted under this approach.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

Comentários:

This documentation in intended for keeping a record of SLM technologies and approaches.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Não

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 10.000-100.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

ProSoil project facilitated trainings on the SLM technologies under this approach, including transport reimbursement to farmers and trainers and remuneration to trainers during trainings. Farmers meet the costs of land preparation, acquiring seeds and seedlings, planting trees, and managing the trees. The stated budget is for training one farmer group of about 25 farmers.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

The ProSoil project through Welthungerhilfe supported the farmers (through their group) with trainings and setting up demo plots.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Nenhum

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Voluntário

Comentários:

Farmers voluntarily provided labour at the demonstration plot and on their own land.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique:

Linkage to markets for the tree and shrub products. GIZ, WHH, and the county department of agriculture and environmental invite farmers to field days where the farmer can link up with potential markets.

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

Farmers have established group tree nurseries as sources of seedlings and income. Some of the trees promoted under this approach can easily be propagated by farmers.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Trees contribute to environmental management - increase in carbon sequestration (capture of carbon dioxide), control of soil erosion, and conservation of water.
Trees have multiple products, including food, humus, timber, firewood, etc.
Most trees do not require costly and tedious maintenance.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Trees can be planted at the homestead. Hence, an added value of the homestead.
The benefits of trees go beyond the farm and the farmer e.g., beauty which is enjoyed by anyone who looks at the trees.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Tree seedlings require a lot of manure and proper care to protect them from animals.	Farmers to make their own compost at the farm.
Some seedlings are expensive.	Increase awareness among farmers about seed preparation and tree nursery management.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Trees can take up land that would have been used for food production.	Proper planning of the farm.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Extension Approaches to Promote Effective Adoption of Agroforestry Practices: Lessons Learned from Indonesia

Disponível de onde? Custos?

Free download at http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/Publications/PDFS/PO19073.pdf

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Paving the way for greater uptake of agroforestry farming systems

URL:

https://www.niras.com/news/promoting-agroforestry-in-the-development-context/#:~:text=Agroforestry%20involves%20the%20integration%20of,dependent%20on%20a%20single%20crop.