Abordagens

Community participation in large-scale land restoration for Africa’s Great Green Wall programme [Níger]

Criação: 05/07/2017 17:02
Atualização: 21/08/2024 16:07
Compilador/a: Vivian Onyango
Editores: Moctar Sacande, Vivian Onyango
Revisores: Donia Mühlematter, Simone Verzandvoort, Rima Mekdaschi Studer, Joana Eichenberger

approaches_2909 - Níger

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1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:

Vivian Onyango

Especialista em GST:

Sacande Moctar

moctar.sacande@fao.org

Forestry Policy and Resources Division (FOA)

Itália

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

FAO-Action Against Desertification

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Book project: Guidelines to Rangeland Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rangeland Management)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - Itália

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been using a participatory approach to implement large-scale restoration of degraded land in the Sahel. Communities have been central to the programme. In the framework of the Great Green Wall initiative, adapted and useful native tree species, shrubs, and fodder grasses are planted in agro-sylvo-pastoral land. This is response to community needs and preferences while ensuring that the species and varieties are all ecologically suitable.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

The approach is implemented under FAO's Action against Desertification (AAD) programme in the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (GGWSSI). This is Africa's flagship initiative to combat the effects of climate change and desertification, and to address food insecurity and poverty. It brings together more than 20 African countries with international agencies, research institutes, civil society and grassroots organizations. Through the GGWSSI, the vision is a mosaic of sustainable land use practices and productive landscapes stretching across North Africa, the Sahel and the Horn.
Community participation in the Great Green Wall restoration initiative is through a people-centred approach to rangeland management that puts communities at the heart of efforts. It focusses on plant species that support their livelihoods. Specifically these are a selection of well-adapted indigenous trees, shrubs and fodder grasses with proven resilience to drought and usefulness in restoration. Village communities decide on which areas to plant and on the species that they can utilise for food, for fodder, and for medicines. There are also plants that produce economically valuable goods for local, national and even international markets, such as gum arabic (from Acacia senegal) for example.
Technically, AAD supports the implementation of land restoration activities through provision of equipment, and by strengthening the technical and functional capacities of individuals, communities, and organizations in restoration techniques and sustainable land management.
The three main objectives of this approach are:
a) Poverty alleviation;
b) Ending hunger; and
c) Improving resilience to climate change.
The restoration approach is based on a five-step model:
• Communities: needs and requirements for restoration are determined through in-depth consultations with communities.
• Research: good quality seed is made available for the propagation of economically viable, locally adapted and biodiverse vegetation.
• Operational procedure: efficient operational restoration processes are ensured, including land preparation and management, assisted natural regeneration and planting.
• Monitoring: field performance of species are evaluated, as well as communal activities such as maintenance and management of restored areas.
• Capacity development: village technicians’ capacities are upgraded in forest seed collecting and nursery techniques, planting, maintenance and management of restored areas, and development of plant products, marketing, and local business management.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

Galeria de Mídias

Observações gerais sobre as fotos:

The photos were taken under the FAO project GCP/INT/157/EC: Action Against Desertification is an initiative of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) to promote sustainable land management and restore drylands and degraded lands in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, implemented by FAO and partners with funding from the European Union in the framework of the 10th European Development Fund (EDF).

2.4 Vídeos da abordagem

Comentários, breve descrição:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVcMSeXZnJI
Over the next decade, 50 million people may be displaced by desertification - the result of climate change and the depletion of natural resources. Action Against Desertification, an initiative of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States is implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations with the financial contribution of the European Union. It aims to restore the productivity of degraded forests and landscapes and enhance the resilience of people to climate change in 6 Great Green Wall countries in Africa as well as Haiti in the Caribbean and Fiji in the Pacific.

Data:

02/12/2015

Localização:

Rome

Nome do cinegrafista:

Comentários, breve descrição:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prl1eaSvQCQ&feature=youtu.be
Land restoration in the Sahel is making degraded areas productive again, providing economic opportunities in a region where migration has become a tradition. Under FAO’s “Action Against Desertification” programme, these efforts are being expanded to six African countries. Land degradation around the Sahara is not yet irreversible.

Data:

18/07/2016

Localização:

Rome

Nome do cinegrafista:

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Níger

Região/Estado/Província:

Tillabery, Dosso and Tahoua

Especificação adicional de localização:

In Niger, the GGWSSI covers all the eight regions of the country. Currently FAO’s Action Against Desertification project works in the three regions of Tillabery, Dosso and Tahoua, though the approach is expanding to the remaining five regions.

Comentários:

The AAD land restoration approach has been successfully implemented with trans-boundary interventions in Niger, Burkina Faso, and Mali. For this documentation, the focus is on Tera, Niger.

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Indique o ano de início:

2013

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada de início da abordagem:

menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

Key elements and aims of this approach include:
• Planting the right species in the right place.
• Promoting the use of quality native forest and fodder seeds for restoration.
• Ensuring that a wide range of useful plant species is made available.
• Managing natural regeneration of species and planted areas through village management committees.
• Updating a species database for gene-pool traceability, monitoring, reporting and for future uses of data and information.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos

Propício

The approach is people-centred, and builds on traditional management of land, traditional ecological knowledge and techniques such as “half-moons” (demi-lunes in French) for rainwater harvesting that facilitate improved plant establishment.

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros

Propício

Individuals can acquire finance to buy seeds. On community land, finance may be needed to lease land for production of plant varieties, or for hiring labour to take care of seedlings.

Quadro institucional

Propício

Better organization at local level enhances community participation and commitment to achieve interventions at large-scale/community level.

Colaboração/coordenção de atores

Propício

There are various levels of collaboration needed for example in establishing which land should/ can be used, in seed selection based on defined needs, and also for the provision of labor. Fundamentally, collaboration is key to agreements to achieve the desired objectives.

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)

Propício

Securing access rights to land and water resources is a motivation for investing in reforestation.

Políticas

Propício

National level policies can protect and ensure supply of seeds as well facilitate access to natural resources such as land. Additionally, policies such as those in support of Great Green Wall activities create an enabling environment within which these activities can be supported.

Governança da terra (tomada de decisões, implementação e aplicação)

Propício

Similar to legal framework above.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico

Propício

Knowledge around SLM contributes to maintenance and management of restored areas, thus ensuring sustainability of activities. The programme has integrated existing/traditional SLM activities such as zaï (wide planting pits)/half-moons in capturing, concentrating and storing water thus keeping soils moist and improving the chances of good plant growth in a very dry environment.

Mercados (para comprar entradas, vender produtos) e preços

Propício

Market access and increasing economic capacities of communities can enable active involvement in restoration especially when plant products can earn income thus facilitating local business.

Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho

Propício

Availability of labor facilitates activities such as forest seed collecting, nursery activities, planting, maintenance and management of restored areas. Most of the work is done by women who prepare the land and take the lead in planting.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

Total project beneficiaries are currently 116,000 people (over half are women) Age varies from 15 to 70 years. Participants are villagers including farmers, herders, traditional healers and herbalists. Each intervention village has a village management committee set up for GGW implementation. They contribute land and labour, and village technicians are trained in large-scale degraded land restoration techniques so that they can be self-sufficient at the end of the funding.

1. Defining needs, preferences of species and objectives for land restoration in degraded areas. 2. Trained in the collection of seeds and in how to produce seedlings in village nurseries. 3.The communities involved also participated in the regular monitoring and evaluation of plots. 4. Participating in workshops including agreeing on work plans 5. Communities were also a source of rich traditional ecological knowledge 6. Supporting projects through in-kind contributions of labour and land 7. Representation in the steering committee

Organizações comunitárias

Each intervention village has a village management committee set up for GGWSSI activities.

- Contributed land, labor and village technicians to be trained in large-scale land restoration techniques geared to self-sufficiency at the end of project life. Managing intervention sites including products such as fodder. Collaborating with national and local administrations.

Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola

Support in identification of land needed for restoration, seeds, and management of restoration.

Pesquisadores

National seed centres.

1. Address the availability of good quality seeds for collection.
2. Ensure genetic diversity reflecting varieties of native species.

Organização não governamental

Local NGOs and CBOs.

Local NGO's were trained in land restoration activities.
NGOs were also instrumental in discussions on scaling up the approaches and policy support for mainstreaming sustainable land management.

Setor privado

Supplies of equipment and materials needed for restoration activities.

Mainly business related to procurement of goods and services.

Governo local

Local administration and national governments in the respective countries.

1. Provide technical management and management of the operational team.
2. Mobilization of communities.
3. Part of the steering committee.

Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)

1. Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.
2. National Agency of the Great Green Wall.
3. National Forestry Seed Centre.
4. Local authorities (i.e.Town halls/ Mairies in French) involved in Tillabery, Dosso and Tahoua regions.

Organização internacional

Royal Botanical Garden, Kew.

Technical support; botanical knowledge and information resources, and identifying priority species for the Great Green Wall.

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	Communities’ local knowledge, needs and aspirations were the backbone of the project. Communities were extensively consulted on species identification and prioritization based on needs, including speed of production, personal knowledge and aspirations. This was through questionnaires and village workshops. Commitment and buy-in from the community was also a prerequisite for activities to start, as they had to commit to contribute land and in-kind labour. Selection of villages for restoration was based on, amongst other things, motivation and commitment by communities to participate in restoration activities, and community-based structures and organizations.
Planejamento	Participativo	Extensive planning was done with communities before implementation, e.g. to agree on planting times, use of traditional techniques and land preparation.
Implementação	Participativo	Implementation was done actively with communities who volunteered traditional knowledge as well as labour to the activities. This built on the initial procedures where species were selected and prioritized; planning of activities; and later labour in preparation of land, setting-up nurseries and transplanting.
Monitoramento/avaliação	Participativo	Monitoring and field data collection of survival and growth of seedlings were carried out by trained village technicians in collaboration with the communities and technical institutions.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

Community process.

Autor:

AAD Project

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa

Explique:

This is a local initiative that uses traditional ecological knowledge and multi-purpose plant species (of known benefits to the local communities) for restoration.
Community participation, lifestyles and preferences and a careful analysis of ecological landscapes are carefully considered and then matched to suitable interventions. This similar approach has been applied by other projects in the GGWSSI region however although has not often been formally disseminated to wider audiences.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
Resultados de pesquisa
Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

Usuários de terra
Equipe de campo/consultores

Caso seja relevante, especifique gênero, idade, status, etnia, etc.

100 small-scale farmers were trained in 2017, in Natural Assisted Regeneration techniques and 40 farmers were trained in forest and fodder seed collection and the production of seedlings in village nurseries and in the management of planted sites.

Tipo de formação:

Cursos

Assuntos abordados:

Technical training was provided to villages through formal modules in how to collect quality seeds in defined seed zones. The training was provided by the national forest seed centres. The training was in seedling production and participatory forest management. Other areas covered included; added-value and the development of plant products (non-timber forest products), marketing and local business management to support income generation.

Comentários:

Apart from the restoration technical areas covered above, additional areas of training included; improving adult literacy, family health and nutritional standards. This was done together with specialized rural sector developers.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Em centros permanentes

workshops

Descreva/comentários:

To re-introduce plants for large-scale restoration, effective use of seeds of wild species demands sufficient biological and technical knowledge about a large number of species to allow for collection, storage and germination of seeds and establishment of seedlings. In this approach therefore, use was made of the technical know-how of RBG Kew and their partnership with forest seed centres that guided collection of quality seeds.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

Sim, significativamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

Local
Regional
Nacional

Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

Institutions: National government; NGOs, CBOs.
Support to the national government which is the national agency for the GGW is the entry point. Through them and based on national objectives, the project progresses to a decentralized level. At the national level, capacities have been improved on monitoring and evaluation techniques; seed identification and selection and handling.
Local level: these are the implementing partners and work on the ground. Their capacities have been improved on seed selection and restoration techniques, and on data collection
Regional level: more collaboration, coordination and knowledge sharing on the GGW initiatives as well as peer-to-peer learning.

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

Financeiro
Reforço das capacidades/formação
Equipamento

Dê mais detalhes:

Equipment: mainly for land preparation for planting and non-timber forest product processing.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

Regular monitoring is carried out by village communities involved in the restoration exercise. The activities include assessing seedling survival and growth, and the area planted.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

Sociologia
Economia/Marketing
Ecologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Through a questionnaire, communities define their needs and preferences for species, and the objectives of land restoration in their selected agro-sylvo-pastoral degraded lands. Results of this consultation are fed back to them after analyses by the project team (researchers, plant experts, seed centres) for the feasibility, suitability and availability of the requested species. This creates common agreement on interventions, priorities and implementation plans, with roles and responsibilities from the communities as well as from the technical teams.
1. Sociology: prior research was done on social diversity of village communities in areas such as gender, age, and professions to decide on village selection, but also to ensure balance.
2. Economics/marketing: this was multi-faceted - on the one hand looking at community economic needs and priorities, but also on how to add value to non-timber forest products. The plant-use data received from respondents were classified according to the Economic Botany Data Collection.
These helped in deciding and prioritizing species according to community needs.
3. Ecology: the GGW initiative is typically aimed at drylands with challenges of aridity. Thus the ecology was studied to identify suitable plant species that would thrive under these conditions - in combination with traditional SLM/ water harvesting technologies that have been developed to overcome moisture deficits.
The selected species was further examined in laboratories to check their suitability for dryland environments and thereafter to ensure good quality and genetically diverse seeds are used.

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

100.000-1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Action Against Desertification is implemented by FAO and partners with funding from the European Union in the framework of the 10th European Development Fund (EDF). The GGWI under AAD in Niger is funded up to around 1.5m USD for the four years of the project.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Finances are needed for purchasing equipment; seeds were also provided; seed testing was carried out to establish appropriate type/species of those chosen by the communities.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

Mão-de-obra

Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Parcialmente financiado	Local communities shared some tasks such as during planting period the project provided lunch.

Equipamento

Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas	Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Maquinário	Parcialmente financiado	Provided such as hand tools, and carts for transportation.
Ferramentas	Parcialmente financiado	Tools for SLM/WH structures and planting.

Agrícola

Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas	Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Sementes	Parcialmente financiado	Training was provided in a collection of native forest seeds that were then bought from them (communities thus earning an income).

Organic manure		Training to do and collect composts.

Construção

Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas	Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Pedra	Parcialmente financiado	For storage facilities.

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

Recompensado com outras formas de apoio material

Comentários:

In partnership with WFP there was collaboration on food for assets and incentives from the project such as trainings on preparation of vegetable gardens..

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique:

Functional capacity building village communities for example in management of restoration sites and development of forest products

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos usuários locais de terra, melhorou a participação das partes interessadas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

The project supports communities to improve the productivity of their land in direct consultation with them while benefiting from training on recording changes in the diversity of biomass in community plots and lands.

A abordagem propiciou a tomada de decisão baseada em evidências?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Training was provided in various aspects such as seed selection and collection.

A abordagem melhorou a coordenação e a implementação economicamente eficiente da GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

The project is not funding all aspects, though building sustainability through the direct capacity development and participation of communities.

A abordagem mobilizou/melhorou o acesso aos recursos financeiros para implementação da GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

1. Village technicians have been used by other projects in the area in SLM and also by the government while receiving remuneration. 2. Communities are able to sell indigenous seeds for restoration to other projects in the region, and to the government.

A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades de outras partes interessadas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

1. Governments; training of technicians in specialized tools, training in monitoring and evaluation of SLM and in restoration impacts. 2. CBOs and local administrations: regional organizations such as CILSS-Agryhmet were also trained in the above.

A abordagem construiu/fortaleceu instituições, colaboração entre partes interessadas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

The village technicians and trained seed collectors have now been organized into a regional union for supply of restoration seed.

A abordagem atenuou conflitos?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

With the increasing of fodder production, pressures on other grazing areas have gone slightly down.

Disadvantaged groups not present at village level.

A abordagem melhorou a igualdade de gêneros e concedeu autonomia a mulheres e meninas?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Yes; gender equality is taken into consideration – for example, women are represented in each village management community.

A abordagem encorajou os jovens/as próximas gerações de usuários de terra a se envolverem na GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

As income comes in from restoration activities, it has encouraged young people to consider SLM as an income generating opportunity.

A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Communities now see more value in restoring degraded land previously neglected and there are tenure agreements with local administration. Land tenure had been insecure for local communities, but now rights of access and use have been delivered by local administrations to local communities, guaranteeing that restoration areas belong to communities - thus ensuring sustainability, as a community perceives ownership of the investments.

A abordagem resultou em segurança alimentar aprimorada/nutrição melhorada?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

1. Farming in restored areas allows for more crop production. 2. Fodder production is feeding livestock better improving production of milk and meat.

A abordagem melhorou o acesso aos mercados?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

1. Seeds and fodder are being sold by local communities to other projects, governments and communities.

A abordagem resultou em acesso melhorado à água e ao saneamento?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

not applicable.

A abordagem resultou em uso/fontes de energia mais sustentável?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

not applicable.

A abordagem aprimorou a capacidade dos usuários da terra de adaptar-se a mudanças climáticas/extremos e atenuar os desastres relacionados com o clima?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

The project’s aim is to increase the resilience of natural capital and people living in the drylands while being able to adapt to climate change.

A abordagem resultou em emprego, oportunidades de renda?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

In seed sales, crop production, income earning from employment of technicians.

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

Produção aumentada

Increased land productivity from restored land.

Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício

Improved yields and harvest.

Degradação do solo reduzida

Restored land provide more opportunities to land users.

Prestígio, pressão social/coesão social

Restoration of agro-sylvo-pastoral systems promoted cohesion across different user groups and provided benefits.

Afiliação a movimento/projeto/grupo/rede

Desire to be part of community based organization and through these, management of restored lands is also possible.

Consciência ambiental

Improved biodiversity, wildlife and link to community cultures and lifestyles was a motivator.

Costumes e crenças, moral

Linked to environmental above; need to protect and preserve wildlife and biodiversity.

melhoria dos conhecimentos e aptidões de GST

Project provided technical capacity development such as water harvesting and rice species to plant in right places motivated communities to participate.

Atenuação de conflitos

Increasing biomass in agro-sylvo-pastoral systems reduced conflicts between pastoralists and farmers.

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

The capacity being developed should help farmers continue without external intervention e.g. training in collecting planting material, planting techniques and in managing the plots enables continuity, and the capacities developed stay within the community – for example: the trained village technicians.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Builds on existing knowledge such as the use of zaï (pit planting).
Income generation e.g. from selling of seeds to governments and other land users.
Helping achieve communities specifics objectives such as increasing tree cover.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
The consultation process and the mutual trust built over time, which helps people “buy into” the programme and feel ownership of the activities on the ground.
The technical and scientific feedback answers to priorities and preoccupation of land users in terms of restoration objectives.
The involvement of people in monitoring and management of their planted sites as they contribute their lands and labour.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Inability to adequately influence donor plans.	Frequent consultations.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Inability to address all the needs of the beneficiaries: for example demand for water supply in dry seasons while the project focusses on rainfed restoration.	Increased dialogue on interventions across sectors, such as with donors for a more systematic and integrated approach.
Lack of flexibility in implementation to consider some of the upcoming demands of communities.

7. Referências e links

Links e módulos

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