1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

25/07/2014

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Declaração de sustentabilidade da tecnologia descrita

A tecnologia descrita aqui é problemática em relação a degradação da terra de forma que não pode ser declarada uma tecnologia de gestão sustentável de terra?

Não

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Is the cross slope berrier charactrised by contour bunds, cajanus can, pineapples, farm yard manures and grass mulch in banana production.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The contour band stabilized with cajanus cajan and pineapples in the composite manures and trushline application technology is the digging of a 0.6m wide by 0.6m deep along the demarcated contour line, while two rows of cajanus cajan planted along the band spaced at 0.3m and two rows of pineapples at alternating band spaced at 0.3m. The overall purpose of the technology is to reduce soil erosions while increasing soil water infiltration and retaining soil water moisture. The technology is applied perennial cropland in the sub humid climatic zone on the gentle to moderate slope, loam soils with medium soil depth. The technology is done manually using hand hoes and mattock in a mixed production system, land owned individually not titled while the total cost to implement a technology on 0.2ha in the banana field was calculated to be US$ …..

The purpose is to increase land productivity, improve livelihood as well as improved ecosystem and micro climate. This should be attained by improving water use efficiency, soil fertility inprovement to increase crop productivity and generating incomes.

The establishment procedures require the determination of the slope and demarcation of a contour line using a tool known as A-frame. This is done manually during the rainy season. The digging and excavation of the soils is done at the end of harvesting annual crops (bean and maize) using hand hoes manually. The cajanus cajan seeds are sown in two rows along the band and the next band is planted with two rows of pinepples at 0.3m between rows as well as between plants. The shallow ditch measuring 0.6m by 0.6m is excavated at the centre of four banana stools to collect crop residues to decompose and apply them. Old banana stools are up rooted at the end of rain season while measurements and digging of holes done. The spacing is 3.6m by 3.6m for the planted medium variety. The hole measurements is 0.6m width by 0.6m length by 0.3m depth. The farmyard manures are mixed with top soils and covered in the hole for three months before planting. The planting is done before the onset of rainfalls. The dry grass mulch is applied across the slope with a thickness of 0.15m at the onset of rainfalls.
The maintenance procedures require the remove of sedments at the end of rainseason done manually using spades. The trimming of cajanus cajan and pineapples are done manually during the harvesting season. Desuckering and detrushing of banana plants are done twice after harvesting annual crops while grass mulch followed.

Average annual rainfall (750 to 1,000)mm, Altitude (m a.s.l.) (1,000 -1,500)m Landform is hill slope to foot slope, Soil depth (>20 cm) shallow about 20%, (20-50cm) medium about 60% and (50-80cm) deep about 20%, Soil water storage capacity: medium, Soil texture: medium (loam), Soil fertility: low, Topsoil organic matter: medium (1-3%) and Soil drainage/infiltration: medium. Cropland per household is 2-5 ha, Land user are Individual / household, Small scale land users, common / average land users, men and women. Population density: 200-500 persons/km2, Annual population growth: < 0.5%, Land ownership: individual, not titled Land use rights: individual, Water use rights: open access (unorganised) Relative level of wealth: rich, which represents 5% of the land users; 21% of the total area is owned by rich land users average, which represents 64% of the land users; 64% of the total area is owned by average land users poor, which represents 21% of the land users; 5% of the total area is owned by poor land users Market orientation: mixed (subsistence and commercial) Mechanization: manual labour

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

The technology was introduced in 2012 using FFS metodology (at host farmer sites) and results demonstration (at FEC) as a choice of technology.

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Melhora a produção
• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The major land use problem relatrd to soil, water and vegetation in the area without conservation was loss of soil water moisture, reduced soil nutrients and soil erosion.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The major land use problem related to soil, water and vegetation without conservation was declining soil productivity.

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 2

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: September to December; Second longest growing period in days: 90, Second longest growing period from month to month: March to May

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Medidas de curva de nível

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Uniformemente difundida numa área

Caso a tecnologia seja uniformemente difundida numa área, indique a área coberta aproximada:

• < 0,1 km2 (10 ha)

Comentários:

Three host farmers isued 1.5 acres as site implimentation other 32 group members required to do what they learned at their homes.

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Comentários:

Type of agronomic measures: mulching, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues
Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour, aligned: -linear

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) (cultivation along the slope), change of seasonal rainfall (un determined rainfall parterns), droughts (the area normally experiences a long dry spell of about 290 days), population pressure (croping along the slope and natural forests), poverty / wealth (Land user can not afford to invest in land conservation), education, access to knowledge and support services (lInadequate staffing to diseminate technology massages.), governance / institutional (weak environmental law inforcements and lack of community sensitization..)

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Prevenir degradação do solo
• Reduzir a degradação do solo

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Furrow measurements is 0.6m wide by 0.6m deep across the slope; space between the structure is 18m, banana space is 3.6m by 3.6m; grass mulch thickness is 0.15m and composite is prepared at the center of four banana stools to be applied topically in the shallow furrow towards the grand daughter banana sacker.
Location: Rwabilulu sub village, Rusumo village. Ngara/Kagera/Tanzania
Date: 25/07/2014

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low (The technology basic principles are taught at colleges.)
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Slope measurements and use of A-frame is a new idea to land users .)
Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil
Secondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, increase of biomass (quantity)

Mulching
Material/ species: grass mulch
Quantity/ density: 1500
Remarks: spread across the slope with thckess 0.15m

Legume inter-planting
Quantity/ density: 0.25
Remarks: dibling betwen the structure

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: composite manures
Quantity/ density: 0.036
Remarks: mixed with soil in shallow furrow facing the grand daughter banana sucker

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs, O : other
Number of plants per (ha): 35

Aligned: -linear
Vegetative material: C : perennial crops
Number of plants per (ha): 714

Trees/ shrubs species: perennial fodder
Perennial crops species: banana
Other species: pinepples
Construction material (earth): excavated soils
Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 2%
Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Outro/moeda nacional (especifique):

TShs.

Indique a taxa cambial do dólar norte americano para a moeda local (se relevante): 1 USD =:

1700,0

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Ploughung	Vegetativo	once at the end of short rainfals
2.	Harrowing	Vegetativo	Mid of dry spel
3.	Spacing and demarcating holes	Vegetativo	mid of dry spel
4.	Digging holes	Vegetativo	mid of dry spel
5.	mixing farm yard manures	Vegetativo	mid of dry spel
6.	Planting banana suckers	Vegetativo	lat dry spale
7.	Sowing cajanus cajan	Vegetativo	on set of long rainfals
8.	Planting pinepples	Vegetativo	on sertof long rainfals
9.	To demarcate contour line	Estrutural	the end of short rainfall
10.	To dig the furrow	Estrutural	at the end of dry spel

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	labour	ha	1,0	1696,85	1696,85
Equipamento	tools	ha	1,0	4,71	4,71	100,0
Material vegetal	seedlings	ha	1,0	433,89	433,89
Custos totais para a implantação da tecnologia					2135,45

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	weeding	Agronômico	Twice in the midle of rainfals
2.	Desuckering	Agronômico	Twice in the midle of rainfals
3.	Detrushing	Agronômico	Twice in the middle rainfals
4.	Mulching	Agronômico	once at the end of dry spel
5.	Banana weevils trapping	Agronômico	routenely
6.	manures appliacation	Agronômico	at the end od dry spel
7.	Sowing beans	Agronômico	once in the long rainfals
8.	To prune cajanus cajan	Vegetativo	routenly
9.	To remove soil sediment	Estrutural	twice at the end of raifals

4.7 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	labour	ha	1,0	205,88	205,88	100,0
Custos totais para a manutenção da tecnologia					205,88

Comentários:

The costs for agronomic measures calculated per 0.2 hectors the converted to per hectare. The costs for vegetative calculated per number of plants in 0.2 ha the converted per hectare and the costs for structural measures calculated per total length of structures foun in 0.2 ha then converted per hectare,

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

The most determinate factors are labour light indicating the technology to be labour intensive in nature.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

5.3 Solos

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor
5% of the land users are rich and own 21% of the land.
64% of the land users are average wealthy and own 64% of the land.
21% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Increased crop productivity from the use of technology has revealed excess crop produce for sale and sustain the house hold solely fro farm income.

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Indivíduo, não intitulado

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Indivíduo

Direitos do uso da água:

• Acesso livre (não organizado)

5.9 Acesso a serviços e infraestrutura

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Renda e custos

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

Clima e redução de riscos de desastre

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Mudança climática gradual

Mudança climática gradual

	Estação do ano	Tipo de mudança climática/extremo	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temperatura anual		aumento	não conhecido

Extremos (desastres) relacionados ao clima

Desastres meteorológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temporal local	bem

Desastres climatológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Seca	bem

Desastres hidrológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Inundação geral (rio)	não bem

Comentários:

The technology could be modified by introducing the water spillways in heavy rainfalls and collect the water in reservor to be used during the dry spells.

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Comentários:

The cumulative accrues for three years should cover the establishment costs and while for the long period there will be no further establishments.
The maintenance costs for the first three years is greater than the returns while in the long run the increased productivity should overdue the maintenance costs.

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Entre todos aqueles que adotaram a tecnologia, quantos adotaram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo material/pagamentos?

• 50-90%

Comentários:

12% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
25 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Only 3 host farners out of 25 total group members were supplied of certified banana suckers and grass mulch.
88% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
25 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
23 group members were adopted with modification the technology at there own full costs.
There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology. The adoption with modification is high, but these modification tends to diverge from the SaLM though productivity is attained.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Increased land productivity: The furrow has increased water infiltration and reduced blue water evaporation.Cajanus cajan has stabilised the soil on the riser while improving nutrient cycling. Certified banana suckers has reduced production failure. micro climate
Improved livelihood: Increased banana productivity form 4 tones per hectare to 9 tones per hectare should ensure food security as well as income.
Improved ecosystem: prevent, mitigate and rehabilitate degradation
The technology is easy to learn and apply.

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Increased labour constraints to dig and excavate the furrow.	Reduce out migration of labour.
Increased farm input costs to purchase certified banana suckers and cajanus cajan seeds.	Establish banana nursries at local levels.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação