Review meeting with the Radhi NRM group in the geog administration office (Hans van Noord)

Natural Resource Mangement Group (Бутан)

Rangzhing Nitang Sunchop Tshogpa (Dzongkha)

Описание

Natural Resource Management Group consisting of village representatives to advocate, plan and implement SLM activities at geog level

Aims / objectives: The Natural Resource Management (NRM) Group was formally established in Radhi geog in 2000 with representatives from all 20 chiogs of the geog. The main tasks of the group are to :1)mobilise local communities in rehabilitating and protecting natural resources from further degradation and 2) to support geog administration, RNR staff and other agencies in planning, implementing and monitoring sustainable natural resource management activities. Radhi geog in Trashigang Dzongkhag, East-Bhutan, has been confronted with severe land degradation as a result of unsustainable land management practices, such as deforestation, overgrazing and poor irrigation water management. The land degradation processes are related to high population pressure and a series of conflicts between chiogs and with neighbouring geogs about use and access to natural resources. Various stakeholders, engaged with reduction and mitigation of land degradation in Radhi, felt the need for a local institution, which should play a pivotal role in advocacy of sustainable management of natural resources. The group was also intended to assist in implementing remedial and preventive measures at village level.

Methods: The NRM group fulfilled a key role in the afforestation program for the Radhi wa-tershed, in particular the very active Chongdiri ravine, which has caused wide-spread loss of arable land and forced resettlement of households, because of a very active landslide area. The chiog representatives, united in the NRM group, mobilized villagers to actively participate in the afforestation and fencing of the buffer zone. This zone was created to arrest the critical land degradation and change unsustainable land management practices, such as free grazing cattle and irrigated paddy cultivation in an active mass movement area.

Seed money was provided to establish a group fund to provide small-scale loans to households for agricultural inputs in order to overcome existing credit access constraints. The intention was to enhance the viability and sustainability of the NRM Group.

Stages of implementation: Over the last 5 years approximately 250 loans have been disbursed of about US$60 each. The NRM group has a loose umbrella function at geog level over a number of sub-groups at chiog level, related to private forestry, community forestry, bamboo and rice marketing, water user associations and land man-agement. The present group structure needs to be reviewed to adapt to the large number of emerging sub-groups.

Местоположение

Местоположение: Trashigang Dzongkhag, Radhi geog, Бутан

Географическая привязка выбранных участков
  • н/п

Дата ввода в действие: 2000

Дата завершения: 2012

Тип Подхода
Review meeting with the Radhi NRM group in the geog administration office (Hans van Noord (Schoutenkamp 43 Heteren The Netherlands))
NRM group members representing 20 villages under Radhi geog (Hans van Noord (Schoutenkamp 43 Heteren The Netherlands))

Цели подхода и благоприятные условия для его реализации

Главные цели/ задачи Подхода
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (cash-income generation, NRM fund for SLM loans/credit facility)

- The main tasks of the group are to: 1) mobilise local communities in rehabilitating and protecting natural resources from further degradation and 2) to support municipality administration, RNR staff and other agencies in planning, implementing and monitoring sustainable natural resource management activities. A series of government programmes and projects initi-ated activities in Radhi geog and it was decided to create a local institution focused at building capacity in NR management, awareness raising and sensitization.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - Widespread severe land degradation in densely populated area, related to forest degradation, overgrazing, poor irrigation water management, unfavourable geological conditions and NR management conflicts between chiogs and between geogs
Условия, содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
  • Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: Widespread land tenure facilitates participation level of land users in NRM/SLM activities. Government owned forests have partly been converted to Community Forests, now owned and managed by the local communities. Traditional grazing rights however, have created serious long-lasting inter-geog conflicts that have proved to be difficult to resolve, despite many mediation and judicial efforts.
Условия, затрудняющие применение Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
  • Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности: Conflicts between geogs (Radhi and Merak) over grazing rights and access, combined with conflicts between chiogs within Radhi over land and water use rights, all contributing to serious land degradation issues in Radhigeog Treatment through the SLM Approach: Group meetings with chiog representatives; conflict mitigation workshops; formal conflict mitigation and eventually even formal judicial court cases; group formation and support to mitigate land degradation issues and come to consensus
  • Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг: Limited access to agricultural credit facilities Treatment through the SLM Approach: Establishment of a local NRM group fund

Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон

Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода, и их роли
Какие заинтересованные стороны/ организации-исполнители участвовали в реализации Подхода? Перечислите заинтересованные стороны Опишите роли заинтересованных сторон
местные землепользователи/ местные сообщества NRM group and chiog tshogpas NRM group is completely male which reflects a local cultural dominance in administrative functions. NRM group provides active support to disadvantaged groups through the NRM group fund, providing access to credit (short-term loans) to enable purchase of seeds/seedlings and other agricultural investments.
эксперты по УЗП/ сельскому хозяйству
государственные власти (отвечающие за планирование или принятие решений) RNR-RC Whengkhar
международные организации
Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
нет
пассивное
внешняя поддержка
интерактивное
самоорганизация
инициирование/ мотивация
x
Group formation process guided and supported by RNR Research Centres
планирование
x
Since 2006 through participatory SLM action planning in all 20 Radhi villages with support of NRM group representatives
выполнение
x
Group members are actively involved with range of NRM/SLM activities, ranging from irrigation channel renovation, orchard development to bamboo plantation, afforestation and buffer zone creation
мониторинг/ оценка
x
Combined effort of RNR extension staff, geog administration and NRM group members through participatory M&E meetings to get feedback from villagers and provide a platform for technical guidance to the communities
Research
x
Initial phase from 2000 to 2006 RNR Research Centres were actively involved in group formation process and capacity building (e.g. bookkeeping training etc.)
Схема реализации Подхода

Organisation chart of the NRM group

Автор: Hans van Noord (Schoutenkamp 43 Heteren The Netherlands)
Принятие решений по выбору Технологии УЗП

Решения принимались

  • исключительно землепользователи (по собственной инициативе)
  • в основном землепользователи при поддержке специалистов по УЗП
  • все участники как часть процесса совместных действий
  • преимущественно специалисты по УЗП после консультаций с землепользователями
  • исключительно специалисты по УЗП
  • политики/ руководители

Принятие решений было основано на

  • анализ подробно описанного опыта и знаний по УЗП (принятие решений на основе подтвержденных фактов)
  • результаты исследований
  • личный опыт и мнения (незадокументированные)

Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями

Следующие мероприятия или работы являлись частью Подхода
Повышение компетенций/ обучение
Обучение было предоставлено следующим заинтересованным лицам
  • землепользователи
  • местный персонал/консультанты
Тип обучения
  • в ходе работы
  • обмен опытом между фермерами
  • опытные участки
  • общие собрания
  • курсы
  • study tours
Рассматриваемые темы

NRM group members were actively involved in all NRM/SLM training activities at chiog level, but also took part in training courses aimed at improving their capabilities, such as bookkeeping and fund management. NRM group members took part in national and international study tours on SLM and watershed management and shared their experiences on group formation with other NRM groups. Extension staff received targeted training on NRM conflict management.

Консультационные услуги
Консультационные услуги были предоставлены
  • на полях землепользователей
  • в постоянно функционирующих центрах
Name of method used for advisory service: Regular guidance and monitoring for the NRM group; Key elements: Fund management and bookkeeping, Key SLM interventions; Regular guidance and monitoring for the NRM group on group dynamics, group fund management, bookkeeping and training programmes on key SLM interventions.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Good level of awareness and knwoledge of NRM/SLM, proven capacity to manage NRM group fund
Институциональная поддержка
Какие институциональные структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы
  • нет
  • да, немного
  • да, умеренно
  • да, существенно
на уровне
  • местные
  • региональный
  • национальный
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.
Тип поддержки
  • финансовая
  • повышение компетенций/ обучение
  • оборудование
Подробнее
Seed capital for the NRM fund was provided at the start of the NRM group and later provided by SLMP to enable fund growth and provision of more loans. Interest rate charged by the NRM group fund per loan is 12% per annum (to be repaid in one year, otherwise penalty of 3% applies), equal to market rate.
Мониторинг и оценка
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff, group members and land users of stability of degraded areas (size, growth, state) technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff, group members and land users of mortality rate of plantations, area of improved dryland, area of orchard development, state and progress of irrigation channel renovation socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff, group members and land users of inter-chiog and inter-geog conflicts and progress in conflict mitigation economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular measurements by project staff, group members and land users in cash income increase and yield change economic / production aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: Regular measurement by project staff, group members and land users of area converted to SLM practice area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through measurements; indicators: Regular observations by project staff, group members and land users of households participating in NRM/SLM activities and making use of NRM group fund loans no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by project staff, land users through observations; indicators: Regular observations by project staff, group members and land users of performance of NRM group, amongst others in municipality council meetings for transparency management of Approach aspects were monitored by project staff, land users through observations There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Changes were made to the NRM group composition and structure and the task and responsibilities with arrival of new government programmes and projects in the geog. By-laws were drafted and updated after involvement of SLMP project in 2006 and NRM group fund expanded, with additional seed money for the group fund. There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation
Научные исследования
Научные исследования проводились по следующим темам
  • социология
  • экономика / маркетинг
  • экология
  • технология

Research was actively involved in the initial stages of the NRM group establishment, with special attention to the conflicts between Radhi and Merakgeogs on grazing land (double grazing as result of winter grazing for semi-nomadic yak herders and summer grazing for cattle from lower altitudes, resulting in severe land degradation).

Research was carried out on-farm

Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка

Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в долларах США
  • < 2000
  • 2000-10000
  • 10000-100000
  • 100 000-1 000 000
  • > 1 000 000
Precise annual budget: н/п
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Seed funding, SLMP contributions): 80.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (local community and geog administration (including RNR extension staff)): 15.0%; local community / land user(s) (membership contributions): 5.0%
Землепользователям были оказаны/предоставлены следующие услуги или меры стимулирования
  • Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям
  • Субсидии на отдельные затраты
  • Кредитование
  • Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования
Финансовая/ материальная поддержка, предоставленная землепользователям
профинансированы частично
профинансированы полностью
Office equipment

x

Трудозатраты, вложенные землепользователями были

Заём/кредит

Анализ влияния и заключительные положения

Влияние Подхода
Нет
Да, немного
Да, умеренно
Да, существенно
Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?

Great improvement has been recorded over the last decade of NRM group involvement through improved vegetation cover (afforestation of “green belt”, buffer zone creation and afforestation), stabilization of degraded areas, improved irrigation water management, bamboo plantation and raised capacity of land users in SLM/NRM.

x
Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности социально и экономически уязвимых групп?

NRM group advocates inclusive approach and issues loans for agricultural inputs to vulnerable families that otherwise would have poor access to credit facilities.

x
Сумел ли Подход разрешить правовые проблемы землевладения/ землепользования, препятствующие использованию технологий УЗП?

Traditional grazing rights however, have created serious long-lasting inter-geog conflicts that have proved to be difficult to resolve, despite many mediation and judicial efforts.

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

NRM group has become focal institution within the geog for any activity related to NRM/SLM and government institutions keenly collaborate with the group.

x
Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП
Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода
Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?

Determination of NRM group to continue is based on almost 10 years of experience and perceived benefits of the NRM group structure. The proven management capabilities of the NRM group fund are a mechanism to support NRM/SLM activities of local households and will facilitate the financial sustainability of the NRM group itself.

Заключительные положения и извлечённые уроки

Сильные стороны: по мнению землепользователей
  • Increased awareness of budgets related to SLM
    Better dealing with community through specific trainings
    Improved planning capacity
    Better knwoledge of specific SLM interventions (how, where, what, when)
    Exposure to study tours as NRM group member (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued support to NRM group
    idem
    idem
    idem
    idem)
Сильные стороны: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов
  • Strengthened local institution focused on NRM/SLM eases advocacy, planning and implementation of field-level activities
    Facilitates access to local credit through NRM group fund for agricultural inputs linked to NRM/SLM
    Enhances sustainability of SLM activities and local capacity in the municipality after project period ends (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continued support to NRM group

    Continued support to NRM group in group fund management/auditing/transparency
    Continued support to NRM group)
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению землепользователейвозможные пути преодоления
  • Lack of understanding by community members of role and objectives of NRM group and its members
    Time-consuming for NRM group members, especially in peak agricultural season as many NRM/SLM activities need to be supported
    Some difficulties in targeting vulnerable households (lack of understanding, feeling of enforcement/being compelled) Better communication and support by municipality administration

    Provide adequate support by local RNR extension team

    Provide adequate support by local RNR extension team
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистоввозможные пути преодоления
  • Relation to many other village groups related to NRM/SLM need to be improved/simplified to create a more transparent structure
    Review of representation of key sub-groups in NRM group

Справочные материалы

Составитель
  • Karma Dorji
Editors
Рецензент
  • Fabian Ottiger
Продолжительность применения Технологии: 15 июля 2014 г.
Последнее обновление: 3 августа 2017 г.
Ответственные специалисты
Полное описание в базе данных ВОКАТ
Связанные данные по УЗП
Документирование осуществлялось при участии
Организация Проект
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International