A community gathers for social and resource mapping; a facilitator talks them through the mapping exercise. (WARM-P)

Water use master plan (Непал)

Jal upoyog guru yogana (Main Contributor: HELVETAS Nepal)

Описание

A water use master plan supports the development of integrated water resources at the local level; all stakeholders, including disadvantaged groups, take part in the plan.

Aims / objectives: A water use master plan (WUMP) is a holistic, participatory, and inclusive planning process that takes an integrated approach to the management of water resources and uses at the village level. The WUMP specifies the total water budget for its planning unit, the village development committee (VDC), and explores potential uses for it. It empowers marginalized groups to claim their rights to an equitable share of water within and between communities. The WUMP also helps local bodies with annual and periodic planning and project prioritization.

Methods: The WUMP is a 17-step process that includes social mobilization, the formation of inclusive management committees, capacity building for everyone involved in the process, and, as a final step, social assessment using various participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools. Simultaneously, the technical part of the process evaluates the capacity of all water resources and their potential uses. In a workshop facilitated by NGO staff, the community discusses suggestions formulated by the two participatory assessments, prioritizes possible projects, and formulates plans. The VDC representatives decide which plans can be implemented using their own resources and which need external support. The WUMP then organizes a workshop to present these plans to various organizations in order to get their commitment and support. The prioritized projects are implemented according to the WUMP.
The plan also contains a series of long-term activities and during the course of its implementation, there is sufficient latitude to allow the community to rectify its original plans in order to put into practise lessons learned during earlier phases and to continue to review and modify the plan as needed.

Местоположение

Местоположение: 15 districts in the Western, Mid-Western, and Far-Western Development Regions of Nepal, Непал

Географическая привязка выбранных участков
  • н/п

Дата ввода в действие: н/п

Дата завершения: н/п

Тип Подхода
A community gathers for social and resource mapping; a facilitator talks them through the mapping exercise. (WARM-P)
Household rainwater harvesting tanks in Dailekh. (WARM-P)

Цели подхода и благоприятные условия для его реализации

Главные цели/ задачи Подхода
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Water conservation, water sources and catchment area)

• Establish inclusive water planning and water resource management at the community level
• Ensure the optimal use of water resources; see that water is equitably and efficiently distributed
• Promote conservation of water and natural resources linked to water; implement water projects based on the plan agreed by the entire community

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: • Issues on access to water are often contentious, communities often quarrel over water rights
• A lack of coordinated planning at the local level
• A growing demand for water both for domestic and agricultural use
• Water sources are diminishing and the changing climate will further aggravate this
Условия, содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
  • Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование): Ensuring equitable use of water resources is a key feature of the WUMP approach.
Условия, затрудняющие применение Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
  • Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности: Communities are reluctant to share water resources and hide the sources of water during planning Treatment through the SLM Approach: Earn everyone's trust through meetings, dialogue, and social mapping that includes all stakeholders including disadvantaged groups.
  • Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг: When the WUMP is implemented by the VDC using its own funds it usually takes a long time. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Collaborate and network with resource organizations such as INGOs and donor funded programmes for funding.
  • Институциональные условия: There is no elected body in the VDC and no one takes permanent ownership of the WUMP. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Create an advisory body consisting of representatives from all political parties.
  • Осведомленность в области УЗП, доступность технической поддержки: When the administrative boundaries of a VDC do not coincide with its physical watershed boundaries, it can be difficult to make technical decisions. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Cluster VDCs into groups in the same sub/watershed.
  • Другие: Low awareness of the need for conservation and of the need to use water efficiently Treatment through the SLM Approach: Intensive awareness raising and capacity building programmes

Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон

Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода, и их роли
Какие заинтересованные стороны/ организации-исполнители участвовали в реализации Подхода? Перечислите заинтересованные стороны Опишите роли заинтересованных сторон
местные землепользователи/ местные сообщества VDC Equal participation of men and women is encouraged during the social assessment and needs identification phase. During the planning and implementation phases, the participation of women in decision making is ensured through a provision that there be a representation of at least 33% women in the water resource management committees, sub-committees, and users' committees. Disadvantaged groups (Dalit and Janajati among others) are requested to participate in numbers proportional to the percentage they represent in the community in all activities and committees.
учителя/ преподаватели/ школьники / студенты
общественные организации HELVETAS
государственные власти (отвечающие за планирование или принятие решений)
Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
нет
пассивное
внешняя поддержка
интерактивное
самоорганизация
инициирование/ мотивация
Community meetings, decision taken by the VDC on how to prepare the WUMP
планирование
Social and resource mapping, social assessments, technical assessments and planning
выполнение
Implementation of the water projects, source protection/conservation
мониторинг/ оценка
Review of the plan, community monitoring during the construction phase, follow-up monitoring during routine operation
Research
Схема реализации Подхода

The step-wise WUMP process
VDC = Village development committee
MOU = Memorandum of understanding
WRMC = Water resource management committee
WRMSC = Water resource management sub-committee
WUMP = Water use master plan
(AK Thaku)

Принятие решений по выбору Технологии УЗП

Решения принимались

  • исключительно землепользователи (по собственной инициативе)
  • в основном землепользователи при поддержке специалистов по УЗП
  • все участники как часть процесса совместных действий
  • преимущественно специалисты по УЗП после консультаций с землепользователями
  • исключительно специалисты по УЗП
  • политики/ руководители

Принятие решений было основано на

  • анализ подробно описанного опыта и знаний по УЗП (принятие решений на основе подтвержденных фактов)
  • результаты исследований
  • личный опыт и мнения (незадокументированные)

Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями

Следующие мероприятия или работы являлись частью Подхода
Повышение компетенций/ обучение
Обучение было предоставлено следующим заинтересованным лицам
  • землепользователи
  • местный персонал/консультанты
  • Local Community
Тип обучения
  • в ходе работы
  • обмен опытом между фермерами
  • опытные участки
  • общие собрания
  • курсы
Рассматриваемые темы

• Social mobilization and awareness raising orientations, training
• Capacity building and training to WRMC and local service providers

Институциональная поддержка
Какие институциональные структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы
  • нет
  • да, немного
  • да, умеренно
  • да, существенно
на уровне
  • местные
  • региональный
  • национальный
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.
Тип поддержки
  • финансовая
  • повышение компетенций/ обучение
  • оборудование
Подробнее
Support is provided to the VDC for the preparation of the WUMP
Мониторинг и оценка
bio-physical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring to check if the water sources are protected, and if the area is conserved by planting technical aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring to check water sources and number of water projects implemented socio-cultural aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Public hearings and audits to ensure transparency and community participation (especially of disadvantaged groups) area treated aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Follow-up monitoring of implementation (as shown in the diagram ) no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: Public review, final commissioning: community contribution and participation (as shown in the diagram) management of Approach aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: WUMP follow-up: implementation of WUMP (as shown in the diagram ) Implementation of WUMP aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: WUMP follow-up: implementation of WUMP (as shown in the diagram ) There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: • All members of the community, even those with water resources on their own land, are willing to share water resources after participating in the WUMP. • Disadvantaged groups participate on an equal footing in management committees and have equal access to water resources. • The community realizes the need to protect water resources and begins to conserve water.

Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка

Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в долларах США
  • < 2000
  • 2000-10000
  • 10000-100000
  • 100 000-1 000 000
  • > 1 000 000
Precise annual budget: н/п
Approach costs were met by the following donors: national non-government: 75.0%; local community / land user(s): 25.0%
Землепользователям были оказаны/предоставлены следующие услуги или меры стимулирования
  • Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям
  • Субсидии на отдельные затраты
  • Кредитование
  • Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования

Анализ влияния и заключительные положения

Влияние Подхода
Нет
Да, немного
Да, умеренно
Да, существенно
Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?

Water, forests, and land are all interlinked. Proper management of water resources, source protection, and conservation are all part of sustainable land management.

Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности социально и экономически уязвимых групп?

Disadvantaged groups participate and share benefits on equal terms.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

This approach has been replicated by the Rural Water Resources Management Project of FINNIDA, the LIVE/EU project, and Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH), a national-level NGO in Nepal. Nepal's Ministry of Local Development, Department of Local Infrastructure and Roads, has expressed an interest in developing WUMPs for all the VDCs in Nepal.

Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП
  • Equitable and sustainable access to water resource
Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода
Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?
  • нет
  • да
  • нет уверенности

Заключительные положения и извлечённые уроки

Сильные стороны: по мнению землепользователей
Сильные стороны: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов
  • Communities appreciate the WUMP approach (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The Ministry of Local Development has expressed an interest in preparing national guidelines for this process in order to scale it up to all the VDCs in Nepal)
  • VDCs own the process both by participating and by contributing to the funding. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Need to simplify the process and make it more cost effective so that it is easier to replicate.)
  • An integrated approach to the use of water resources may help in climate change adaptation. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthen awareness activities and continue to promote water conservation)
  • The WUMP process is inclusive and is managed by the whole community.
    (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue to strengthen the capacity of disadvantaged groups so that they can participate more actively.)
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению землепользователейвозможные пути преодоления
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистоввозможные пути преодоления
  • Not all VDCs actively participate in the WUMP When VDCs contribute funds for the WUMP, they are usually more actively involved.
  • Communities can have high expectations for WUMP but their VDCs may have limited resources. The VDCs need to communicate clearly with their community so that they can prepare a realistic plan together.
  • Conflicts can arise over the allocation of water resources The VDC and the management committee must work with the community to see that any contentious issues are resolved equitably
  • At times it can be difficult to get everyone to agree to a given
    WUMP. The VDC authorities can improve their negotiating skills in order to make their demands heard with donors and district development committees.

Справочные материалы

Составитель
  • Shreedip Sigdel
Editors
Рецензент
  • Fabian Ottiger
Продолжительность применения Технологии: 25 августа 2015 г.
Последнее обновление: 7 июля 2017 г.
Ответственные специалисты
Полное описание в базе данных ВОКАТ
Связанные данные по УЗП
Документирование осуществлялось при участии
Организация Проект
Ключевые ссылки
  • Water use master plan preparation guideline. Lalitpur, Nepal: WARM-P/HELVETAS; Rural Village Water Resource Management Project (2011) Proceedings of water use master plan national level experience sharing workshop. Lalitpur, Nepal, HELVETAS (2007):
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