Краткое описание Технологии

In the tested area one of the main problems in terms of LDD is soil erosion, which is accelerated with hymnal activities (cultivation, irrigation, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers etc.). As a result an intensive degradation of land is occurring. Most prone areas to the land degradation (soil erosion and depletion of organic matter) are locations where the perennial crops (vineyards, orchards) are established, with plant rows oriented down slope. In order to mitigate this types of land degradation, cultivation of cover crops between the rows is implemented in order to change the cultivation practices (no tillage), to mulch the organic mater from cover crops in order to increase the SOM and to conservate soil moisture and to protect the soil surface from the distortion of soil practices from rain drops.  |

Местоположение

Central part of the country (Veles, Negotino, Gevgelija|

Краткое описание природной окружающей среды в месте применения

The topography of the central part of the country is heterogeneous with smaller heights of the surrounding mountains, unlike the other parts of the country. The inclinations are mild, and the vertical diversification is not strong. In terms of geology the prevailing geological formations are alluvial, colluvial and clastic sediments.|
Climate is sub-mediterranean or modified continental, with hot and dry summers (up to 420C), and wet and mild winters. Annual precipitation is between 350-500 mm. Rainfall regime is unfavorable with long dry periods and intensive rainfalls which cause torrential flow and intense soil erosion. Evapotranspiration is high due to what intensive irrigation is needed during the vegetative period|
Soils are typical for this geological and climatic conditions. Soils are mainly formed on alluvial and colluvial sediments, or silicate and carbonate flish in the upper hills. Predominant soil types are: coluvial soils, alluvial soils, rendzinic soils and vertic soils. Soils are deep, with good chemical and physical properties. The only limiting factor in some cases is lack of organic matter, phosphorus and trace elements.|

Преобладающие социально-экономические условия населения, проживающего в месте применения и/или в окрестностях

Main source of income is from agriculture and food and metal industry.
Land is predominantly private. In the past decade, the Ministry of Agrciculture, Forestry and Water economy is giving the state owned agricultural land to private farmers on a concession for a period of 30-50 years.|
The income level of the population in the tested areas is on a national average (250 euro).

Основные проблемы, которые позволяет решить передовая практика

1. accelerated soil erosion in vineyards and orchards
2. accelerated mineralization of soil organic matter
3. intensive evapotranspiration and loss of soil moisture

Укажите конкретные проблемы деградации земель, которые решаются благодаря применению передовой практики

In the area of implementation of best practices, an intensive agricultural activities are taking place, which lead to appearance of some types of LD, e.g. soil erosion and loss of most fertile top layer, depletion of organic matter which is directly connected with distortion of soil particles and worsening of soil water and physical properties, intensive surface water flow (run-off), intensive evaporation and intense water deficiency which have to be compensated with intensive irrigation.|

Укажите цели передовой практики

1. to change the traditional way of land management
2. to increase the awareness of the primary producers on LDD

Краткое описание и основные деятельность по каждой цели

1. introducing of no-tillage system, with growing of cover crops. Several types of annual or perennial crops will be grown, or mixtures of grasses, depending of the cultivar and soil and climatic conditions.  |
1. organic matter from cover crops will be mulched and introduced into the soil every year, in order to increase soil organic matter.
2. new technologies of irrigations scheduling and improvement of water use efficiency will be intordised (e.g. FWC determination, soil moisture monitoring with tensiometers etc.).|

Краткое описание и технические характеристики технологии

In the tested area one of the main problems in terms of LDD is soil erosion, which is accelerated with hymnal activities (cultivation, irrigation, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers etc.). As a result an intensive degradation of land is occurring. Most prone areas to the land degradation (soil erosion and depletion of organic matter) are locations where the perennial crops (vineyards, orchards) are established, with plant rows oriented down slope. In order to mitigate this types of land degradation, cultivation of cover crops between the rows is implemented in order to change the cultivation practices (no tillage), to mulch the organic mater from cover crops in order to increase the SOM and to conservate soil moisture and to protect the soil surface from the distortion of soil practices from rain drops.  |

Название и адрес организации, разработавшей данную технологию

Faculty of Agricultural Sciencies and Food, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje|bul. ALeksadar Makedonski b.b., 1000, Skopje, Macedonia|Institute of Agriculture, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje|bul. ALeksadar Makedonski b.b., 1000, Skopje, Macedonia|Non Governmetal ORganisation - Riral Development Netvork of Macedonia|ul. Orce Nikolov 186 1/8, Skopje, Macedonia

Была ли технология разработана в партнерстве?

Нет

Укажите рамки, в пределах которых осуществлялась поддержка технологии

• Инициатива в рамках программы/проекта

Способствовало ли разработке технологии участие местных субъектов деятельности, включая организации гражданского общества?

Нет

Принимало ли участие в разработке технологии население, проживающее в месте применения технологии и/или в окрестностях?

Да

Каким образом было организовано участие?

• Методы, обеспечившие активное участие

Опишите результаты воздействия технологии на территории применения (два основных результата воздействия в каждой категории)

Preservation of soil properties affected by accelerated soil erosion and depletion of organic matter, as well as irrigation water saving|
Increased production will have an direct impact on the total income of the farmers and improvement of their economical situation and social status.
With introducing of cover crops into the regular system of soil management of perennial agricultural crops, major impact on productivity will be in terms of preservation of soil fertility and optimisation of soil water availability to the plants, which on the other side have an significant impact on|

Укажите два основных результата воздействия за пределами территории применения (то есть на прилегающей территории)

Water saving with depletion of evapotranspiration and optimization of irrigation will contribute to saving of quality water on a national scale.
Introduction of cover crops will decrease the accelerating soil erosion and surface run-off. Sediment delivery ratio to the surface water bodies will decrease, due to what eutrification of lakes and rivers will decrease as well.

Воздействие на биоразнообразие и изменение климата

Объясните причины:

In R. of Macedonia CC have serious impact on agricultural production, in terms of high average air temperature and decreased rain fall with disturbed regime. Due to that several types of land degradation are accelerating e.g. soil erosion, soil organic matter depletion, and soil compaction. It is expected that introduction of cover crops can contribute to the mitigation of the negative impacts of CC in agriculture.
Explain the reasons: Introducing of cover crops is expected to have an major impact on vineyards and orchards on sloppy terrains with rows oriented down slope. Having in mind that reestablishing of plantations is costly and time consuming process, introduction of such measure can be considered as an excellent adaptation measure towards mitigation of the negative impacts of CC and the inappropriate soil management on agricultural soils (e.g. soil erosion, depletion of SOM, soil water loss etc.).|

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Нет

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах?

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах? :

Да

Где?

Prespa region

Использовались ли стимулы для содействия принятию предоставленных технологий?

Использовались ли стимулы для содействия принятию предоставленных технологий?

Да

Укажите характер стимулов:

• Финансовые (например, льготные ставки, помощь государства, субсидии, денежные гранты, ссудные гарантии и т. д.)

Можете ли вы определить три основных условия, которые способствовали успеху представленной передовой практики/технологии?

It is possible to replicate this practice due to a several reasons: the implementation of the measure is easy, its implementation does not need special know how and technology, and its implementation is cheap|

Тиражирование

Считаете ли вы, что предложенная вами передовая практика/технология может быть воспроизведена в другой местности, но с некоторой адаптацией?

Да

На каком уровне?

• Местный
• Национальный

Имеющий отношение к человеческим ресурсам

The implementation of this practice is still an ongoing activity in our country, so to this moment no cost-benefit analysis, sup ups and lessons learned, have been performed yet.|