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Improved pasture co-management [Монголия]

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Отчитывающаяся организация: Mongolia

Укажите, защищена ли правами собственности (полностью или частично) технология, информация о которой предоставлена в типовой форме: Да

Пояснения: The copyright is protected by Mongolia Copyright Law. The right holder is Herders' Association of Mongolia.

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Общая информация

Общая информация

Название передовой практики:

Improved pasture co-management

Страна:

Монголия

Отчитывающаяся организация:

Mongolia

Права собственности

Укажите, защищена ли правами собственности (полностью или частично) технология, информация о которой предоставлена в типовой форме:

Да

Cообщите соответствующую информацию о владельце прав собственности:

The copyright is protected by Mongolia Copyright Law. The right holder is Herders' Association of Mongolia.

Классификация

Преобладающий тип землепользования в конкретном месте

  • Пастбищные угодья

Вклад в меры по борьбе с опустыниванием, деградацией земель и засухами (ОДЗЗ)

  • Предотвращение
  • Восстановление

Взаимосвязь с передовой практикой по другим темам

  • Наращивание потенциала и повышение осведомленности
  • Мониторинг и оценка/исследования ОДЗЗ и УЗП
  • Финансирование и мобилизация ресурсов
  • Широкое участие, сотрудничество и сетевая деятельность

Спецификация

Раздел 1. Контекст передовой практики: рамочные условия (природная среда и среда обитания человека)

Краткое описание Технологии

The best practice was introduced by the project Sustainable Grassland Management project. The project has 4 immediate objectives to reach the desired achievements and outputs in managing the grasslands sustainable:
1. To strengthen existing customary forms of co-operation among herders within and between local communities of land users
2. To facilitate the articulation of the new herder communities to other communities and to wider governance structures, mainly the Bagh and the soum
3. To build the capacity of herder community associations to negotiate with third party providers for inputs and services
4. To strengthen the ability of central government to create and manage an appropriate legal and economic environment for sustainable herder and grassland development.
The expected outcomes were identified as follows:
1. Herders apply tested models of cooperative resource management specifically developed for their ecological zone, based on customary forms of cooperation.
2. The rights of herders and their investments in improving resources are secured through formalized grazing rights
3. Herder community associations have the capacity to identify economic opportunities for the members and to negotiate service contract with outside providers
4. Local best practices are disseminated on a significant scale through herder-to-herder and community-to-community learning and emulation
5. Effective co-management leading to better land use planning and coordination achieved through co-management structures involving Baghh and Soum governments and herders
6. Improved capacity of central decision-making bodies (MoFA, MNE and Parliament Standing Committees) to commission, carry out and use policy research to draft new policies and legislation in the livestock and grassland management sector|

Местоположение

In 12 Soums of Selenge, Bayankhongor and Ovorkhangai aimags(provinces of Mongolia).|

Если участок имеет четкие границы, укажите его площадь в гектарах:

22004400.0

Примерная численность населения, живущего в данном месте:

287200.0

Краткое описание природной окружающей среды в месте применения

These 3 aimags represent the major ecological zones of Mongolia as steppe, forest steppe, desert
steppe and high mountains. The Climate refers to the climate zones of steppe, forest steppe, desert steppe and high mountains. |
Soil in Mongolia has been divided into the following:
   1. Black soil is found in Khangai, Khentii, Khovsgol provinces, Mongol Altai and Ih Hyangan Mountain ranges, and the in the Orhon, Selenge, Onon and Ulz river valleys which are in the forest steppe region.
   2. Brown soil is in the forest steppe and steppe region 1,000-1,200 meters above sea level. The content of humus is 35% in dark brown, 23% brown, 1.62% in light brown soil.|
The topography of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau with the elevation ranging from 914 and 1524 m (about 3000 and 5000 ft) broken by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest rise to heights above 4267 m (14,000 ft). The Gobi covers a wide arid tract in the central and southeastern areas. The most important rivers are the Selenge Mörön and its tributary, the Orhon Gol, in the north. Large lakes include the Har Us, Hyargas, Uvs, and Hövsgöl.

Преобладающие социально-экономические условия населения, проживающего в месте применения и/или в окрестностях

Mongolian Land Law adopted in 2002 and Constitution (1992) recognises the state ownership of pastures, forests, and subsoil and water resources, thus making private ownership of these resources impossible.The Law on Land provides rights for ownership, possession, use and limited use. Possession rights may be held by citizens, economic entities and organisations for up to 60 years, with the right to extension for additional periods of 40 years. |
Livestock breeding and crop production
The minimum income per person in these 3 aimags is around $150/month.

На основании какого критерия и/или показателя (не относящихся к Стратегии) предложенная практика и соответствующая технология считается передовой?

The most influencing factor for the desertification in Mongolia is the harmful use of pasture. The improvement of the pasture land management plays very significant role for combating desertification. The long-term goal of the project is to increase the welfare of herding families through the sustainable management of Mongolian grasslands.
So based on this the practice was considered as "best".

Раздел 2. Затронутые проблемы (прямые и косвенные причины) и цели передовой практики

Основные проблемы, которые позволяет решить передовая практика

The understanding of herders about the positive results of the pasture land management. It takes long time to convince the herders that they believe or see the good results.  

Укажите конкретные проблемы деградации земель, которые решаются благодаря применению передовой практики

Without understanding about the importance of introducing or using the pasture land management by the herders or herders' groups will be very difficult. So preparatory activities have to done longer time.
Some kind of financial assistance was important tool to convince the herders. Specially for the starting period it is important.

Укажите цели передовой практики

There were 4 immediate objectives to reach the desired achievements and outputs in managing the grasslands sustainable:
1. To strengthen existing customary forms of co-operation among herders within and between local communities of land users
2. To facilitate the articulation of the new herder communities to other communities and to wider governance structures, mainly the Bagh and the soum
|3. To build the capacity of herder community associations to negotiate with third party providers for
inputs and services
4. To strengthen the ability of central government to create and manage an appropriate legal and economic environment for sustainable herder and grassland development.

Раздел 3. Деятельность

Краткое описание и основные деятельность по каждой цели

In order to improve co-management of pasture utilization there were established Co-management Committees at soum level and ensured sustainable operation of pasture improvement funds, and organized regular meetings and conferences “Pasture management and community participation".|
Capacity building and strengthening of communities was done through awareness raising, information sharing, demonstrations, herder-to-herder training, and conducting on-site training on improving pasture and water management, and developing herder’s technical and business skills.|
There are 72 herder communities formed a group on their own initiative in target 12 soums of three target aimags exercising full decision making and full responsibility for the actions which will lead to their increased strength and empowerment.
One of the goals of the practice is to link herding communities to soum and bagh government through establishing co-management structures over the management of grassland resources. With the support of the project, co-management committees were created in 12 soums of target aimags.|

Краткое описание и технические характеристики технологии

Establishment of new herder groups and provide trainings for them. This project relied on national institutions to conduct research activities, studies, and trainings
whenever the expertise existed “in-house”, instead on relying systematically on external specialists.|

Раздел 4. Задействованные учреждения/субъекты (сотрудничество, участие, роль субъектов деятельности)

Название и адрес организации, разработавшей данную технологию


The "Sustainable pastureland management" project supported by the Government of Netherlands and UNDP.
webpage: www.undp.mn |Orient Plaza
G. Chagdarjav Street 9
1st khoroo, Sukhbaatar District
Ulaanbaatar-14210
Mongolia
Telephone: +976 11 327585
Fax:        +976 11 326221
E-mail: registry.mn@undp.org

Была ли технология разработана в партнерстве?

Да

Перечислите партнеров:

The "Sustainable pastureland management" project supported by the Government of Netherlands and UNDP.

Укажите рамки, в пределах которых осуществлялась поддержка технологии

  • Национальная инициатива при поддержке неправительственной организации

Способствовало ли разработке технологии участие местных субъектов деятельности, включая организации гражданского общества?

Да

Перечислите местные заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в процессе:

Herders' groups
water users' groups

Укажите роль субъектов деятельности, перечисленных выше, в проектировании, внедрении, использовании и поддержке технологии, в соответствующем случае

Herders' groups and water user groups used the approaches.

Принимало ли участие в разработке технологии население, проживающее в месте применения технологии и/или в окрестностях?

Да

Каким образом было организовано участие?
  • Методы, обеспечившие активное участие

Анализ

Раздел 5. Вклад в воздействие

Опишите результаты воздействия технологии на территории применения (два основных результата воздействия в каждой категории)

Herders' income generation had increased.
Number of herder groups were established and certain results are achieved.
Herders' groups understand the importance of collective actions to solve the problems.

Укажите два основных результата воздействия за пределами территории применения (то есть на прилегающей территории)

Neighboring aimags and soums started to study the collective actions.
Local Governments in neighboring aimags and soums were interested to study the approaches.

Воздействие на биоразнообразие и изменение климата

Объясните причины:

The herders will manage the activities effectively and it will play important role.
The approach will influence positively on biodiversity.

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Нет

Раздел 6. Принятие и тиражируемость

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах?

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах? :

Да

Где?

The approach was placed on the web site of MONCAT for public information

Можете ли вы определить три основных условия, которые способствовали успеху представленной передовой практики/технологии?

The climate change effect influence negatively for the herders' living conditions. The local Governments and herders are seeking the way to minimize the influence.
The herders' well being dependent on their sustainable use of pasture land.  
Herders started to understand the collective action's advantage.

Тиражирование

Считаете ли вы, что предложенная вами передовая практика/технология может быть воспроизведена в другой местности, но с некоторой адаптацией?

Да

Раздел 7. Приобретенный практический опыт

Имеющий отношение к человеческим ресурсам

In order to introduce the best practice to other aimags the well trained specialists are needed.

Имеющий отношение к финансовым аспектам

Initial funds for establishing the pasture or water user groups are important to motivate the herders.

Модули