BEEKEEPING FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL TREES AND FOREST RESERVES [Танзания]
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- Составитель: LINDA SHIO
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- Рецензент: Udo Höggel
UFUGAJI NYUKI
approaches_7416 - Танзания
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Развернуть все Свернуть все1. Общая информация
1.2 Контактные данные специалистов и организаций, участвующих в описании и оценке Подхода
Название проекта, содействовавшего документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
Global coordination project for the SFM Dryland Sustainable Landscapes Impact Program (GEF-FAO / DSL-IP)Название организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
TANZANIA FOREST SERVICES AGENCY (TFS)1.3 Условия, регламентирующие использование собранных ВОКАТ данных
Когда были собраны данные (на местах)?
02/11/2024
Составитель и ответственный/-ые специалист(-ы) согласны с условиями, регламентирующими использование собранных ВОКАТ данных:
Да
1.4 Ссылка (-и) на Анкету (-ы) по Технологиям УЗП
Forest Beekeeping [Камерун]
Apiculture (beekeeping) is a traditional practice providing a high number of non-timber forest products.
- Составитель: Unknown User
2. Описание Подхода УЗП
2.1 Краткое описание Подхода
Beekeeping is an activity which involves maintenance of bee colonies by using man-made hives within a selected forest area which provides the required feed and habitat resources required by bees. Through beekeeping, trees are conserved as they provide flowers hence ensuring feeds for bees. Beekeeping is used as an approach of protecting forest reserves against encroachments. Bee products, produced within the value chain, improve the livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large while conserving the environment at the same time.
2.2 Подробное описание Подхода
Подробное описание Подхода:
Beekeeping is an activity which involves care and management of honeybees for production of bee products, mostly honey and bee-wax. Beekeeping is an environmentally friendly activity ensuring conservation of trees and other forest resources protected through it. Therefore, beekeeping is undertaken for two major purposes which are:
•Production of bee products through which livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large are improved and;
•Protection of trees and thereby, forest water resources.
Beekeeping is largely dictated by weather/climatic conditions; hence it is very crucial for the beekeeper to understand the rhythm of various seasons for successful beekeeping.
In this approach, trainings were provided to beekeepers in a community in Tabora Region, Sikonge District, on modern beekeeping techniques and skills which involve the use of modern hives and tools for increased production of bee products. Beekeepers were trained on:
•Measures which can be taken to ensure successful honey and wax production and;
•Measures required to adapt to impacts on bees from climate change.
Representatives from the Miombo Beekeeping Group (user group) are experienced beekeepers who have been in the field for a long period. Land users/beekeepers liked the approach because beekeeping does not require a lot of time due to its seasonal nature. Therefore, a beekeeper can have, besides beekeeping activities, ample time for carrying out other production activities, e.g. agricultural activities. Also, beekeeping does not require large areas of land and beekeeping can therefore, be integrated with other activities.
Insufficient capital for accessing modern hives and tools is one of the hinderances which make it hard for some of beekeepers to adopt improved beekeeping approaches.
2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Подход
Медиа-галерея
Общие замечания к фотографиям:
Technical skills and capacity building to beekeepers via beekeeping groups ensures efficiency during field activities. Beekeepers' income sources are diversified through value added products that are produced. For example, the production of wax candles, body lotions, lip balms by using beeswax and wine made from honey.
2.5 Страна/ регион/ место, где применялся Подход
Страна:
Танзания
Административная единица (Район/Область):
TABORA
Более точная привязка места:
SIKONGE DISTRICT
Map
×2.6 Даты начала и окончания реализации Подхода
Если год начала реализации Подхода достоверно неизвестен, дайте примерную оценку:
более 50 лет назад (традиционная)
Комментарии:
Beekeeping is one of the traditional activities in the area that has been carried out from one generation to another purposely for production of bee products. Through beekeeping approach, conservation of natural trees and other resources can be attained as they are potential resources required by bees for feed and habitat provision to bees. Through the DSL-IP Miombo Project in Tanzania, beekeepers are sensitized on modern beekeeping by being provided with skills and technical support for undertaking their beekeeping activities.
2.7 Тип Подхода
- традиционная/ местная система землепользования, используемая коренным населением
2.8 Каковы цели/ задачи Подхода
1. Beekeeping is practiced as a method of conservation of trees and other potential resources against encroachment from illegal timber harvesting, specifically in forest reserves.
2. Beekeeping is further developed for diversification of income sources so as to have access to other bee products besides honey which is commonly used as food and medicine.
3. On-farm beekeeping ensures pollination of crops thereby increasing crop yields.
2.9 Условия содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода или затрудняющие его
Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности
- содействуют
Beekeeping being one of the traditional practices in this area, minimum energy and resources are required on promoting and sensitizing individuals to undertake beekeeping as they are experienced with it. Knowledge transfer is shared from one generation to another within families as members are engaged in management of beehives and other beekeeping activities throughout.
Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг
- затрудняют
Beekeepers do not have reliable access to financial resources (capital) which could enable them to acquire modern beekeeping tools and production facilities. They cannot access loans from financial institutions for undertaking beekeeping activities as beekeeping relies on weather/climatic conditions for productions, whereas beekeepers cannot be assured of their productions in terms of quantities.
Институциональные условия
- содействуют
For effective management of beekeeping activities, institutions have placed beekeeping officers for administration and supervision of beekeeping activities by linking beekeepers to the Government.
Сотрудничество/ координация действий
- содействуют
Beekeepers tend to form groups within their communities, through which they undertake their beekeeping activities. Through such beekeeping groups, they are easily reached by the government for trainings, technical support and financial grants that are given to groups who apply for projects specifically on beekeeping activities. Various stakeholders collaborate with the government by providing technical support to beekeepers in terms of skills and tools required.
Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование)
- содействуют
In Tanzania, beekeeping is allowed to be undertaken in forest reserves and bee reserves. Beekeepers are granted with an entry permit into reserves for undertaking their beekeeping activities. Because of the presence of diverse plant species that flower at different seasons and also the security of their beehives, beekeepers prefer beekeeping in protected areas.
Программные документы/ руководящие установки
- содействуют
Beekeeping is one among the Departments within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism which has policies and regulations in place.
Управление земельными ресурсами (принятие решений, осуществление и контроль за выполнением)
- содействуют
The presence of laws that govern management of forest and bee reserves as well as by-laws, against encroachment by illegal human activities, ensures the security of natural resources required by bees.
Осведомленность в области УЗП, доступность технической поддержки
- содействуют
Hands-on trainings to beekeepers are provided through extension services by beekeeping officers. Also, the presence of institutions in the country which provide technical knowledge on modern beekeeping techniques ensures professionalism and sustainable beekeeping practices.
Рынки (для приобретения материалов и услуг, продажи продукции) и цены
- затрудняют
Beekeepers do not have a readily available market of their products. Because of this, they are forced to sell their products through middlemen (traders). This results in lower returns to producers. Also, because of financial constraints, farmers do not have access to modern beekeeping tools and facilities for increased production and product quality assurance.
Объем работ, доступность рабочей силы
- содействуют
Beekeeping activity requires manpower for hives making and for hanging hives on trees. Here, beekeepers tend to assist among themselves. Women who undertake on-tree beekeeping activities depend on men during the time of taking up/down of bee hives.
другие
- затрудняют
Climatic changes can have impacts on beekeeping activities, hence affecting production. For instance, during heavy rains flowers tend to fall down from trees thus affecting bee feed availability resulting in lowered honey production.
Also, when the rain is too small, the flower production on trees is minimum resulting in low feed availability for bees.
3. Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон
3.1 Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода и их роли
- местные землепользователи/ местные сообщества
Beekeepers from a beekeeping group Known as MIYOMBO GROUP were involved in application of this approach.
The role of the involved user group in this approach includes undertaking beekeeping activities for conservation of trees and natural resources. They are experienced with the practice and therefore they can undertake beekeeping.
- государственные власти (отвечающие за планирование или принятие решений)
The National Government under its agency known as Tanzania Forest Services Agency
Providing technical support by providing skills and modern tools for beekeeping activities.
3.2 Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
| Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ | Перечислите участников и опишите их вовлеченность | |
|---|---|---|
| инициирование/ мотивация | интерактивное | Beekeepers at individual levels are mobilized to form formal beekeeping groups through which participatory analysis of the beekeeping activities is done by collaborating with the beekeeping officers and local administrative units. Thereafter, they develop plans which provide guidance and assistance to beekeepers especially to the new actors in the sector. |
| планирование | интерактивное | Beekeeping activities are planned by the beekeeper who is provided with technical support from beekeeping officers specifically on techniques and skills that can be employed for increased production of bee products. |
| выполнение | интерактивное | Beekeeping involves the use of modern skills and techniques which are provided to beekeepers through government institutions and agencies. For instance, Tanzania Forest Services Agency under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, are mandated by the Government on supervision of all forest and bee resources towards ensuring sustainable production. The agency collaborates with beekeeping groups during implementation of beekeeping activities. |
| мониторинг/ оценка | интерактивное | Government agencies facilitate monitoring/evaluation of beekeeping activities, production and marketing of products. The government possess a database of beekeepers in all the districts, which enables tracing of the specific source of bee products from producers and their locations. |
3.4 Принятие решений по выбору Технологии/ Технологий УЗП
Укажите, кто принимал решение по выбору применяемой Технологии/ Технологий:
- все участники как часть процесса совместных действий
Поясните:
Both the Government and beekeepers decide on the use of beekeeping activities as an approach for conservation. This is because of the mutual benefits that both of the two will gain;
1. The Government will ensure protection of tree resources against encroachments and deforestation 2. Beekeepers will obtain bee products after being capacitated with technical skills and support from the Government
Поясните на чём было основано принятие решений:
- личный опыт и мнения (незадокументированные)
4. Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями
4.1 Повышение компетенций/ обучение
Проводилось ли обучение землепользователей/ других заинтересованных лиц?
Да
Укажите, кто проходил обучение:
- землепользователи
Если существенно, укажите гендерный и возрастной состав, статус, этническую принадлежность и т.д.
Training was provided to the MIYOMBO beekeeping group members, consisting of 50 men and 7 women. The group has members of various ages, ranging from youths to adults.
Тип обучения:
- опытные участки
- общие собрания
Рассматриваемые темы:
1. MODERN BEEKEEPING PRACTICES AND TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF BEE PRODUCTS.
2. VALUE ADDITION OF THE PRODUCED BEE PRODUCTS FOR IMPROVED LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME GENERATION.
Комментарии:
Farmers were provided training in public meetings, whereby they were provided with technical skills and knowledge on modern beekeeping practices and tools. Also, they were provided with skills on value addition of their produced bee products through demonstration so as to have hands-on skills and experience.
4.2 Консультационные услуги
Есть ли у землепользователей возможность получать консультации?
Да
Укажите, где именно оказываются консультационные услуги:
- на полях землепользователей
Описание/ комментарий:
Trainings are provided to beekeepers at their local communities, within their groups (producer organizations), which consist of members who have the common interest on beekeeping activities.
4.3 Институциональная (организационная) поддержка
В ходе реализации Подхода были ли организованы новые институциональные структуры или поддержаны уже существующие?
- да, существенно
Укажите уровень, на котором структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы:
- местные
- национальный
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.
Tanzania Forest Services Agency, a government agency mandated by the government to supervise sustainable productions of forest and bee products. In this approach, the agency has been strengthened by collaborating with beekeepers who ensure sustainable protection of forest resources as well as production of bee products. Also, the local government around the area where beekeeping approach is undertaken has been strengthened through livelihood improvement of the community.
Укажите тип поддержки:
- финансовая
- повышение компетенций/ обучение
Подробнее:
The Tanzania Forest Fund provides technical and financial support to beekeeping groups which have written up projects upon their call on project write ups, specifically on beekeeping and forest conservation. Modern beekeeping skills and techniques are offered to beekeepers by government agencies/institutions that are related to beekeeping and marketing.
4.4 Мониторинг и оценка
Являются ли мониторинг и оценка частью Подхода?
Да
Комментарии:
Beekeeping activities can be monitored and evaluated through the data base containing a register of beekeepers and their productions.
Если да, будет ли данный документ использоваться для мониторинга и оценки?
Да
Комментарии:
The documentation which is currently undertaken provides data on the number of bee hives possessed by individual beekeepers, productions of bee products, climatic conditions. Hence, it can be used to assess and monitor the approach with all the details in it.
4.5 Научные исследования
Были ли научные исследования частью Подхода?
Нет
5. Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка
5.1 Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в рамках Подхода
Если точный годовой бюжет неизвестен, укажите примерный диапазон затрат:
- 2000-10000
Комментарий (например, основные источники финансирования/ ключевые доноры):
- Own source/savings of beekeepers
- Financial institutions
- Government grants
5.2 Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям
Предоставлялась ли землепользователям финансовая/ материальная поддержка для применения Технологии /Технологий?
Да
Если да, укажите тип(-ы) поддержки, кто ее предоставил и условия предоставления:
Technical support from one financial institution within the community, (National Microfinance Bank); which supported 2 beekeeping groups with 50 modern beehives for each group and protective cloths for increased production of bee products.
5.3 Субсидии на отдельные затраты (включая оплату труда)
- оборудование
| Укажите, какие ресурсы были субсидированы | В какой степени | Опишите субсидии подробнее |
|---|---|---|
| техника | профинансированы полностью | The Government provides subsidies to beekeepers by providing them with modern machines which can be used to ease operations and processing of bee products. The only condition to receive the subsidy is that beekeepers should be within a formal group, and they receive the subsidy in terms of materials and not finance.There is no any returns required from beekeepers to the government on this subsidy provided by the Government. |
| инвентарь/ инструменты | профинансированы полностью | Modern tools are provided to beekeepers by the Government for easy undertaking of their beekeeping activities. These includes tools like smokers, beehives, protective clothing as well as packaging materials. There is no any returns that is required from the beekeepers to the Government after being given the tools. |
Если труд землепользователя был существенным вкладом, укажите, был ли этот вклад:
- добровольный
Комментарии:
Labour by beekeeper and household members who supported was voluntary, as it does not involve funds or returns.
5.4 Кредитование
Предоставлялись ли в рамках Подхода кредиты на мероприятия УЗП?
Нет
5.5 Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования
Использовались ли другие методы или инструменты стимулирования для продвижения Технологий УЗП?
Да
Если да, поясните:
Existence of a project that works on this community, dealing with the beekeeping value chain activities, from production to harvesting of bee products promotes and ensures sustainable productions of bee products with quality adherence.
6. Анализ влияния и заключительные положения
6.1 Влияние Подхода
Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности местных землепользователей, повысить участие заинтересованных сторон?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
The approach has united users (beekeepers) with Government agencies, institutions and NGO's who empower them through technical and financial support.
Сумел ли Подход дать возможность принимать решения на основе подтвержденных фактов?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Beekeeping ensures protection of natural forest/tree resources. This facilitates decision making of the Government towards promoting and enhancing beekeeping activities.
Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Beekeeping, one of the environmental conservation practices ensures SLM & SFM practices, because trees i.e flora species are conserved as they provide bee feed and bee habitats.
Сумел ли Подход улучшить согласованность действий и повысить рентабельность применения практик УЗП:
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Beekeeping, is an environmentally friend activity with low running cost.
Сумел ли Подход мобилизовать/ расширить доступ к финансовым ресурсам для применения практик УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Through beekeeping groups, support can easily be attained from the Government (Tanzania Forest Fund) and institutions such as banks and other NGO's.
Сумел ли Подход расширить знания и возможности землепользователей в применении практик УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Improved knowledge of beekeepers leads to more products and enables SFM (sustainable forest management) practices.
Сумел ли Подход укрепить сотрудничество между заинтересоваными сторонами/ выстроить механизмы сотрудничества?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Through beekeeping, agencies and institutions that are involved in production and marketing of bee products collaborate. For instance, honey produced is used as food, this will bring on board the agency dealing with food health security.
Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности социально и экономически уязвимых групп?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Tanzania Forest Fund provide grants to beekeeping groups, when members unite and create a group, write up their project they can be facilitated as well with regard to beekeeping and conservation activities.
Сумел ли Подход содействать гендерному равенству и расширить права и возможности женщин и девочек?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Women also participate in beekeeping activities and honey production but not to a large scale as compared to men. This is because, this activity is preferred to be undertaken in forest reserves which are far from homes/villages and therefore making it unease for women participation.
Сумел ли Подход стимулировать молодежь/ будущее поколение землепользователей заниматься УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Youth are fully engaged in beekeeping activities by assisting throughout the whole process thus learning beekeeping as well.
Сумел ли Подход способствовать улучшению продовольственой безопасности/ качества питания?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Bee products that are produced are sold and therefore providing income to the family which ensures food accessibility.
Сумел ли Подход улучшить санитарные условия и доступ к водоснабжению?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Сумел ли Подход привести к созданию новых рабочих мест/ к расширению возможностей получения дохода?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Beekeeping provides employment opportunities to the beekeeper and other individuals.
6.2 Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП
- рост продуктивности
When production of bee products is increased, beekeepers are also influenced towards undertaking more related activities, e.g. vaue addition.
- рост прибыли (доходности) и рентабельности
When beekeeping activities provide profit to the beekeeper, motivation is provided to the beekeeper on practicing it sustainably and more profitably.
- материальное стимулирование/ субсидии
Government support provided to beekeepers influences beekeeping practices.
6.3 Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода
Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?
- да
Если да, опишите как:
Beekeepers use locally available materials for undertaking their beekeeping activities from hives construction to honey processing.
6.4 Сильные стороны/ преимущества Подхода
| Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению землепользователей |
|---|
| Provides sources of income to the family through the produced bee products. |
| Access to bee products which are used as food, medicines and sale as industrial ingredients of various products. |
| Pollination of crops when practicing on-farm beekeeping. |
| Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению составителя или других ключевых специалистов |
|---|
| Effective means of conservation of trees and natural resources. |
| Ensures livelihoods improvements through diversified sources of household income. |
| A way of maintaining the traditional/cultural practices that have been practiced from previous generations. |
6.5 Слабые стороны/ недостатки Подхода и пути их преодоления
| Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению землепользователей | Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения? |
|---|---|
| Climatic changes which affects beekeeping production. | Beekeepers should be capacitated with skills on how to adapt to climate changes for assured production. |
| Encroachments by illegal human activities in potential areas for beekeeping affecting productions. | Protections of forest and bee reserves should be strengthened so as to ensure bee feed availability. |
| Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов | Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения? |
|---|---|
| Women participation in beekeeping productions within the value chain is still very low as compared to men. | Promote on-farm beekeeping to women so that they can also participate in the production of bee products. Women should be influenced to participate on beekeeping activities. |
| Lack of enough capital by beekeepers for upscaling beekeeping practices in a modern way. | Linking beekeepers to markets that will assure them good income and profit generation so to expand their activities and apply modern tools such as hives for increased productions. |
7. Справочные материалы и ссылки
7.1 Методы сбора/источники информации
- опросы землепользователей
Six members (informants) were involved.
7.3 Ссылки на материалы, доступные онлайн
Название/ описание:
HONEYBEE MANAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE SEASONS
Адрес в сети Интернет:
https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-management-throughout-the-seasons
Ссылки и модули
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Forest Beekeeping [Камерун]
Apiculture (beekeeping) is a traditional practice providing a high number of non-timber forest products.
- Составитель: Unknown User
Модули
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