1.2 Контактные данные специалистов и организаций, участвующих в описании и оценке Подхода

Название организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA / COSUDE / DDC / SDC) - Швейцария

Название организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)

Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo (DESCO) - Перу

1.3 Условия, регламентирующие использование собранных ВОКАТ данных

Составитель и ответственный/-ые специалист(-ы) согласны с условиями, регламентирующими использование собранных ВОКАТ данных:

Да

1.4 Ссылка (-и) на Анкету (-ы) по Технологиям УЗП

2.1 Краткое описание Подхода

Promoting the rehabilitation of ancient terrace systems based on a systematic watershed management approach.

2.2 Подробное описание Подхода

Подробное описание Подхода:

Aims / objectives: The Center for Studies and Promotion of Development - DESCO, a Peruvian NGO, started the Terrace Rehabilitation Project in 1993 to re-establish ancient terracing and irrigation practices that had largely been lost. The project is part of a general integrated development programme. Its overall purpose is to restore the productive capacity of terraced cropland, and to generate better living standards in the Colca valley. The project has the following specific objectives: (1) to increase the productive infrastructure through soil conservation and better use and management of existing water resources; (2) to increase levels of production; (3) to stimulate people in soil conservation and land management; and (4) to encourage/promote relevant local institutions. For implementation, a systematic watershed management approach was introduced. The catchment was considered the basic unit for development planning. Physical and socio-economic baseline studies were carried out. A strong community-based organisation, the catchment committee, was then founded. This consisted of representatives of major local grassroots organisations (irrigation committee, farmers' community, mothers' club etc). Responsibilities, commitments and rules were defined. Committee meetings and land user assemblies were the entities for planning, organisation and execution of project activities. DESCO initiated a process of 'concerted planning' in collaboration with other private and public institutions in Caylloma province.

Methods: In summary the project stages comprised: (1) project planning; (2) baseline studies; (3) catchment management plan; (4) constitution of the executive committee; (5) concerted planning of district development; and (6) organisation, execution, technical assistance and follow-up activities. Land users were required to participate in training courses and in fieldwork, to provide local materials and their own tools, and to fulfil duties within the organisations. Leaders and directors of grassroots organisations were responsible for planning and organisation of activities - implementation, training and follow-up - and for control and administration of project materials and inputs. The directors were also elected as representatives in the District Development Councils to participate in the evaluation and monitoring activities of the project.

2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Подход

2.5 Страна/ регион/ место, где применялся Подход

2.6 Даты начала и окончания реализации Подхода

2.7 Тип Подхода

• в рамках проекта/ программы

2.8 Каковы цели/ задачи Подхода

- to achieve higher levels of agricultural production and productivity through integrated development/management of soil and water resources. - to build capacity for planning, organisation and implementation of development activities

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - lack of employment opportunities/depopulation of rural areas. - lack of planning and action in 'concerted development' - little value associated with terrace rehabilitation. - low and unequal participation of women in field work. - general impoverishment of land users

2.9 Условия содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода или затрудняющие его

3.1 Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода и их роли

3.2 Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода

	Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ	Перечислите участников и опишите их вовлеченность
инициирование/ мотивация	интерактивное	interviews/questionnaires, workshops/seminars, public meetings
планирование	самоорганизация	workshops/seminars; assemblies for decision making, workshops for local concerted planning
выполнение	интерактивное	casual labour, responsibility for minor steps; casual labour, responsibility for minor steps (land users in general); responsibility for major steps (leaders)
мониторинг/ оценка	интерактивное	workshop/seminars, reporting, measurements/observations, interviews/questionnaires, public meetings; workshops, measurements/observations (directors of baseline organisations/leaders), reports (directors), interviews (directors/teachers), public meetings (land users)
Research	нет	none

3.3 Схема реализации (если имеется)

3.4 Принятие решений по выбору Технологии/ Технологий УЗП

Укажите, кто принимал решение по выбору применяемой Технологии/ Технологий:

• преимущественно специалисты по УЗП после консультаций с землепользователями

Поясните:

the terraces were in an advanced stage of collapse and the local population did not have the means to reverse the process due to lack of economic resources.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. the technology is indigenous and adapted to the area. Evaluation workshops of, and activities permitting discussions on, the technology were carried out.

4.1 Повышение компетенций/ обучение

Проводилось ли обучение землепользователей/ других заинтересованных лиц?

Да

Тип обучения:

• общие собрания

Тип обучения:

• exchange of experiences

Рассматриваемые темы:

A training plan at three levels was drawn up, addressing the following target groups and topics: (1) Selected land users, leaders, supervisors: in-depth training on the interrelations between water, soil and plants; terrace and canal construction; institution/enterprise management; natural resource management, conservation practices, and crop production. (2) Directors of grassroots organisations

4.2 Консультационные услуги

Есть ли у землепользователей возможность получать консультации?

Да

Описание/ комментарий:

Key elements: technical assistance and sustained follow-up, supervision by specialised engineers, evaluation (reflection) and systematisation of gained know-how and developed practices with different stakeholders, function; testing of rehabilitated structures; Capacity for extension continuation has been built up within the catchment committee. However PRONAMACHS, a governmental SWC programme, is limited

4.3 Институциональная (организационная) поддержка

В ходе реализации Подхода были ли организованы новые институциональные структуры или поддержаны уже существующие?

• да, существенно

Укажите уровень, на котором структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы:

• местные

Укажите тип поддержки:

• финансовая
• повышение компетенций/ обучение

4.4 Мониторинг и оценка

Являются ли мониторинг и оценка частью Подхода?

Да

Комментарии:

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: improved structures, results of technology tests

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: land users changing attitudes of SWC

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: crop production increase

area treated aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: rehabilitated area

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: number of households that benefited directly

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: number of catchments rehabilitated with terraces and agroforestry

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There were various changes/readjustments of the approach: eg the concerted planning through the Local Development Councils was incorporated 5 years after the initiation of the project.

4.5 Научные исследования

Были ли научные исследования частью Подхода?

Да

Укажите темы исследований:

• экономика / маркетинг
• технология

Напишите подробнее и назовите тех, кто выполнял исследования:

Technology: research has been ongoing regarding functioning of the terrace and irrigation systems. Economy/commercialisation: research regarding agronomic production, catchment appraisals and market studies have been carried out for the main products of the area.

5.1 Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в рамках Подхода

Комментарий (например, основные источники финансирования/ ключевые доноры):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (International NGO): 60.0%; government (national): 20.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 20.0%

5.2 Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям

Предоставлялась ли землепользователям финансовая/ материальная поддержка для применения Технологии /Технологий?

Да

5.3 Субсидии на отдельные затраты (включая оплату труда)

• оборудование

• сельскохозяйственные

Если труд землепользователя был существенным вкладом, укажите, был ли этот вклад:

• за денежное вознаграждение

Комментарии:

60% of the labour costs were met by the project.

5.4 Кредитование

Предоставлялись ли в рамках Подхода кредиты на мероприятия УЗП?

Да

Укажите условия предоставления (процент, окупаемость и т.д.):

repayment conditions: Credit was provided by FONDESURCO to land users who participated in the rehabilitation project (for seed supply) with a lower interest rate than on the market. FONDESURCO is an NGO (of which DESCO is a member) specialised in microfinances in the rural sector..

5.5 Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования

Использовались ли другие методы или инструменты стимулирования для продвижения Технологий УЗП?

Да

Если да, поясните:

Support was provided to existing institutions (in the form of training, organisation and financial inputs). But with the formation of a catchment committee, an important grassroots organisation was built up.

6.1 Влияние Подхода

6.3 Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода

Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?

• да

Если да, опишите как:

Land users can continue the activities without external support, using traditional systems of mutual help and new forms of local organisation (catchment committee). With increased income through integration of cash crops the maintenance of the structures can be sustained.

6.4 Сильные стороны/ преимущества Подхода

Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению составителя или других ключевых специалистов
Complementary conservation practices have been integrated into the terraces system: agroforestry, improved fallow, etc (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Training of land users in the advantages and disadvantages of these practices.)
nstitutional capacity building: strengthening of organisations; increased participation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue the training of leaders.)
SWC training and extension activities. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Create spaces and mechanisms for daily practice of important cultural rituals/customs.)
80% of land users have changed attitudes towards SWC, and are convinced of the benefits of terrace rehabilitation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: SWC training and extension activities.)
Human capacity building: 60 specialists trained in rehabilitation technology (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Create opportunities to ensure continuation of their work.)
An effective systematic watershed management approach applied at catchment level (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Other projects/institutions should apply this approach.)
Soil conservation activities integrated in the plans of 'concerted development' (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthening of the Local Development Councils (CODDIS).)

6.5 Слабые стороны/ недостатки Подхода и пути их преодоления

Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов	Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения?
Labour overload in the family	Better planning of work at the household level.
The approach requires the participation of all social and political stakeholders - which is practically impossible	Strengthen the Local Development Councils (CODDIS).
The generation of income encourages the purchase of industrialised products	More training regarding consumption of local products.
The economic incentives provided by the project affected the existing reciprocal relationships (eg labour exchange)	Cash for work incentives are sometimes useful to overcome labour constraints due to depopulation.
Small holdings and land fragmentation are constraints for cost-effective agriculture	Accelerate the process of land consolidation and entitlement.
Changes in leadership interrupt planned processes (of activities)	Permanent training to encourage leadership qualities.
Lack of a crop and irrigation plan for better water management	Elaboration and application of a plan.

7.1 Методы сбора/источники информации