Подходы

Water Use Management Plan (WUMP) [Пакистан]

WUMP

approaches_747 - Пакистан

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1. Общая информация

1.2 Контактные данные специалистов и организаций, участвующих в описании и оценке Подхода

Ответственный (-ые) специалист (-ы)

Специалист по УЗП:

Munawar Khan

Название проекта, содействовавшего документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
Book project: where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)
Название организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

1.3 Условия, регламентирующие использование собранных ВОКАТ данных

Когда были собраны данные (на местах)?

15/11/2014

Составитель и ответственный/-ые специалист(-ы) согласны с условиями, регламентирующими использование собранных ВОКАТ данных:

Да

1.4 Ссылка (-и) на Анкету (-ы) по Технологиям УЗП

Sub-surface water harvesting for an efficient use of water resources
technologies

Sub-surface water harvesting for an efficient use of … [Пакистан]

The purpose of this water harvesting technology is to capture, collect and distribute sub-surface water. First, an infiltration gallery is developed, which allows the percolation and collection of sub-surface water through perforated pipes at a depth of approximately 3-4.5 metres. Sub-surface water is filtered by gravel/sand underground and infiltrates into …

  • Составитель: Eveline Studer

2. Описание Подхода УЗП

2.1 Краткое описание Подхода

The overall purpose of WUMP is to compile an inventory of available water ressources in a particular geographical or administrative area, to identify communities' priorities in order to achieve an effective, equitable and efficient use of water resources at local level. This approach promotes a participatory and inclusive analysis and implementation of measures for a sustainable management of water, land and related resources.

2.2 Подробное описание Подхода

Подробное описание Подхода:

The WUMP approach has the following specific objectives:
- to assess water available resource, existing uses and requirements
- to determine water access rights and equity issues through inclusive and interactive dialogues
- to plan and manage water resources - considering multiple needs and uses - in a participatry manner.
- to prioritise required measures, considering climate change and disaster risks
- to promote coordinated water resource development for different stakeholders
- to promote a sustainable use of water, protecting water resources and preservation of the environment
- to strengthen local institutions
- to include economically and socially disadvantaged groups
- to promote an interactive dialogue for improvement of regulatory frameworks and policies in the water sector.
The methode involves field visits by field team to collect information from the community, which is done through focus group discussion, preparation of village maps, social and technical questionnaires

The WUMP process consists of four main stages: 1) Preparation; 2) Assessment/analysis of information ; 3) Planning ; 4) Implementation (see flow chart with according sub-steps).

The process and results of a WUMP:
Is based on a participatory process, which promote inclusiveness. It fosters coordination and collaboration among different local stakeholders including government, communities and private sector and helps to establish the baseline situation and a comun understanding. Land users and other local actors appreciate this approach as it promotes a participatory, transparent process for an equitable distribution of water and a sustainable management of water related resources. The approach helps to overcome potential economic or socio-cultural barriers, by providing a comun space for joint analysis, discussion and solution finding by facilitating interaction between stakeholders of different contexts.

2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Подход

Медиа-галерея

2.5 Страна/ регион/ место, где применялся Подход

Страна:

Пакистан

Административная единица (Район/Область):

Dera Ismail Khan Thensil (sub-division), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (province)

Предварительный просмотр карты

2.6 Даты начала и окончания реализации Подхода

Год начала реализации:

2014

Год окончания (Если Подход больше не применяется):

2019

Комментарии:

The approach remains valid and applicable also after the termination of a project intervention.

2.7 Тип Подхода

  • в рамках проекта/ программы

2.8 Каковы цели/ задачи Подхода

The main aim of the WUMP approach is to assess the availability of water resources, existing uses/demands and future requirements/needs. The WUMP helps to address water access, equity issues and balance these rights through interactive dialogues within the community and other local stakeholders. The WUMP approach contributes therefore actively to water governance and improved management of natural resources.

2.9 Условия содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода или затрудняющие его

Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности
  • содействуют

The approach helps to overcome potential economic or socio-cultural barriers, by providing a comun space for joint analysis, discussion and solution finding by facilitating interaction between stakeholders of different contexts.

Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг
  • содействуют

The implementation of the WUMP tends to increase access to water for production purposes with a positive impact for households/ communities' income.
The results of the WUMP process with its according priorities of intervention are recognized by local government and reflected in local annual development plans and according budgets.
- the WUMP defines options for other actors to investment in water sector based on communities' priorities.

Институциональные условия
  • содействуют

WUMP is steered by the district Coordination Committee at district level having representative from all concerned government departments, Water User Association including women members, representatives from civil society where they adress key issues and take decisionsof the local water sector.

Сотрудничество/ координация действий
  • содействуют

Collaboration among actors is the central element of the WUMP, which pomotes a coordinated water resource development involving different stakeholders: communities and government and non-governmental organizations. The process, enables local institutions to consider needs and participation of economically and socially disadvantaged groups.

Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование)
  • содействуют

WUMP addresses and defines solutions on water access & equity issues through interactive dialogues.

Программные документы/ руководящие установки
  • содействуют

WUMP can influence sector policies at local level based on the collections of baseline data and evidence, which contributes to improve frame conditions. Topics, priorities and challenges of the WUMP are addressed with stakeholders at district Coordination Committee, which can actively influence policies of the water sector.

Осведомленность в области УЗП, доступность технической поддержки
  • содействуют

The local stakeholders, namely communities are directly involved in the implementation of the WUMP, which improves their knowledge about SLM.

3. Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон

3.1 Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода и их роли

  • местные землепользователи/ местные сообщества

Rural local communities, water & land users

Participation as an integral part in preparation at village level. Contribution to the assessment, prioritisation and implementation of the interventions

  • организации местных сообществ

Water user associations (WUA)/ water users groups (WUG)

Responsible to support and facilitate the WUMP process, social support, provision of primary information. Ensure participation and involvement of all WUA members. Coordinate with relevant authorities and other development actors to identify technical and financial support in their area / water sector.

  • эксперты по УЗП/ сельскому хозяйству

staff of the Water for Livelihoods Project : WUMP coordinator (engineer, male, 53 years), senior engineer (engineer, male, 43 years)

Coaching and guidance at all level, steering of WUMP process in collaboration with District Government, organize trainings as scheduled, support field teams for the collection of technical and social information/data.

  • общественные организации

Local partner NGO

Project implementation, social mobilisation and interaction at field level to ensure that the social dimension, local concerns deserving support are adressed and that the water user association (WUA) are inclusive and gender concerns are duly represented. Support water user associations in their advocacy efforts to mobilize resources for WUMP.

  • частный сектор

Consultant

Compilation of data, collected information and writing of WUMP

  • местные власти

District Authorities / Administration

Provision of legal and administrative acceptance, recognition and support to WUMP implementation. Support through provision of timely technical services to water user association /groups in WUMP implementation, validation of information (data regarding drinking water supply, irrigation, water use efficiency, soil conservation by Public Health Engineering Department, Irrigation Department, On Farm Water Management Department, Soil Conservation Department ). Participation to ensure a participatory monitoring and provide feedback to the district govt. for improvements in delivering of water sector services.

  • государственные власти (отвечающие за планирование или принятие решений)

District and provincial governments

Policy dialogue counter-part to address WUMP issues, which require a change in policies, coordination and engagement with in-line authorities and to allocate resources for the integration and implementation of WUMP in the district development plan (ADP).

  • международные организации

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)

Financial ressources. Partner for advocacy and policy dialogues to address key topics in the water sector in their policy dialogue with national government representatives.

Если участвовало несколько заинтересованных сторон, назовите ведущую организацию:

Water for Livelihoods Project

3.2 Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ Перечислите участников и опишите их вовлеченность
инициирование/ мотивация интерактивное Community through water user association (WUA) and water user group (WUG) in their actvities: support and facilitate the WUMP, ensure that all WUGs are involved in the process, link with relevant authorities and other development actors for technical and financial support development.
планирование интерактивное Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Participate as an integral part in the preparation of WUMP at village level. Contribute to conducting feasibility, implementation and execution of interventions.
выполнение интерактивное Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Support a system for cost contribution by the community. Link with relevant authorities and other development actors for seeking the technical and financial support in their area water sector development. Promote and advocate for sustainable development in the water sector.
мониторинг/ оценка интерактивное Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Ensure equitable water rights and promote good water governance principles. Ensure strong linkages with WUA/community through regular meetings and documentation of decisions.

3.3 Схема реализации (если имеется)

Описание:

The process of WUMP is divided into 4 stages consisting of 13 steps

Автор:

Syed Hussain Mustafa, Khan Muhammad, Tawheed Gul, Munawar Khan Khattak

3.4 Принятие решений по выбору Технологии/ Технологий УЗП

Укажите, кто принимал решение по выбору применяемой Технологии/ Технологий:
  • все участники как часть процесса совместных действий
Поясните:

The technology is selected via mutual consensuses at village council level. This process is facilitated by a SLM specialist. Women - as well as other vulnerable and marginalized groups - are also part of the water user association and participate in the discussion and decision making process. Where joint setting of men & women is not possible due to cultural constraints, separate meetings of men & women are conducted to cover the voices and concerns of both.

Поясните на чём было основано принятие решений:
  • анализ подробно описанного опыта и знаний по УЗП (принятие решений на основе подтвержденных фактов)
  • личный опыт и мнения (незадокументированные)

4. Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями

4.1 Повышение компетенций/ обучение

Проводилось ли обучение землепользователей/ других заинтересованных лиц?

Да

Укажите, кто проходил обучение:
  • землепользователи
  • местный персонал/консультанты
  • Government department specilist (SLM)
Тип обучения:
  • в ходе работы
  • обмен опытом между фермерами
  • общие собрания
Рассматриваемые темы:

Water resources conservation, efficient use of water resources, irrigation water distribution/ scheduling.

Комментарии:

Water Users are trained in different techniques of water conservation, such as water crop budgeting, local flow measuring techniques, irrigation scheduling with regard to specific crops.
The users are specifically trained in techniques for efficient water use, such as furrow irrigation, raised bed irrigation, mulching etc.

4.2 Консультационные услуги

Есть ли у землепользователей возможность получать консультации?

Да

Укажите, где именно оказываются консультационные услуги:
  • на полях землепользователей
  • в постоянно функционирующих центрах
Описание/ комментарий:

SLM specialist made field visits and provided technical guidance to Land Users
The Land Users visited relevant organizations for technical guidance

4.3 Институциональная (организационная) поддержка

В ходе реализации Подхода были ли организованы новые институциональные структуры или поддержаны уже существующие?
  • да, умеренно
Укажите уровень, на котором структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы:
  • местные
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.

Water User Association (WUA, local Institutions) at district & sub-district level were strengthened. The legally recognize WUA and Apex of the WUA take gradually responsibilities to support and facilitate the WUMP process. The WUAs strives for improvements in the water sector and are a catalyst to bring together and pool communities, civil society organisations, local authorities and other actors of different actors for to address water issues and development options.

Укажите тип поддержки:
  • повышение компетенций/ обучение
Подробнее:

Project provided trainings for 16 Water User Associations (WUAs) and 3 Apex WUAs in Chitral, Karak, and DI Khan. These 16 associations aim to improve development in the water sector, to improve water governance to contribute to resolutions in case of disputes amongst different water right holders for an equitable access to water at local and at district level.
Through these trainings, the WUGs/ WUAs members representing various groups/ associations - including representatives from Government Line Agencies are trained in community management & skill training, mediation in case of water disputes, monitoring/documentation and health/hygiene.

4.4 Мониторинг и оценка

Являются ли мониторинг и оценка частью Подхода?

Да

Комментарии:

The principle of the monitoring, is to actively engage the communities associations (WUA/WUG) and capture their observations and concerns.
This is done through direct feedbacks from communities, during regular field visits and interaction with technical departments, who receive feedbacks from communities based on regular exchanges.

Если да, будет ли данный документ использоваться для мониторинга и оценки?

Нет

Комментарии:

This documentation is not primarily used for monitoring & evaluation purpose. However it contributes to establish a baseline.

4.5 Научные исследования

Были ли научные исследования частью Подхода?

Нет

5. Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка

5.1 Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в рамках Подхода

Если точный годовой бюжет неизвестен, укажите примерный диапазон затрат:
  • 2000-10000
Комментарий (например, основные источники финансирования/ ключевые доноры):

The cost for the preparation of WUMP depends on the size of the area

5.2 Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям

Предоставлялась ли землепользователям финансовая/ материальная поддержка для применения Технологии /Технологий?

Да

Если да, укажите тип(-ы) поддержки, кто ее предоставил и условия предоставления:

The project and governamental counter parts (Department) provide material and technical support. The community provides in-kind contribution through labor and local material for the imlementation of the measures/ technology.

5.3 Субсидии на отдельные затраты (включая оплату труда)

Если труд землепользователя был существенным вкладом, укажите, был ли этот вклад:
  • добровольный

5.4 Кредитование

Предоставлялись ли в рамках Подхода кредиты на мероприятия УЗП?

Нет

5.5 Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования

Использовались ли другие методы или инструменты стимулирования для продвижения Технологий УЗП?

Нет

6. Анализ влияния и заключительные положения

6.1 Влияние Подхода

Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности местных землепользователей, повысить участие заинтересованных сторон?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The approach supports land and water users to make decisions regarding water use by their own.

Сумел ли Подход дать возможность принимать решения на основе подтвержденных фактов?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The preparation stage includes an analysis, where information for evidence and later decisions is collected. Once the effectiveness of the approach is recognized, it can be replicated by other communities them-selfs.

Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Land users are involved for the implementation and maintenance of the prioritized measures in the WUMP plan, which an efficient use water for productiion and drinking purposes.

Сумел ли Подход улучшить согласованность действий и повысить рентабельность применения практик УЗП:
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The WUMP provides options for cost sharing mechanisms amongst different actors, to attract funding for prioritized initiatives. The prioritized initiatives of WUMP are jointly implemented by different stakeholders, which can reduce its costs.

Сумел ли Подход мобилизовать/ расширить доступ к финансовым ресурсам для применения практик УЗП?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The results of WUMP (measures) are included in the official departmental annual development plans and budgets.

Сумел ли Подход расширить знания и возможности землепользователей в применении практик УЗП?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The land and water users learnt how to analyse and assess water resources. They learnt about options to address the identified challenges.

Сумел ли Подход расширить знания и возможности других заинтересованных сторон?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Similarly, all other involved stakeholders' learn how to analysse and asses water resources and know about options to address them.

Сумел ли Подход укрепить сотрудничество между заинтересоваными сторонами/ выстроить механизмы сотрудничества?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

By establishing a district coordination committee to steer the approach (WUMP) all stakeholders can jointly discuss, address their needs and suggest options to be prioritized.

Сумел ли Подход снизить остроту конфликтов?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Through this approach all stakeholders - especially the up-stream & down stream users - can resolve their water related disputes through dialogue. This contributes to resolve disputes between communities and concerned department.

Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности социально и экономически уязвимых групп?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Disadvantaged groups participate in the preparation process of the plan, where they reflect and contribute with their concerns, needs and priorities.

Сумел ли Подход содействать гендерному равенству и расширить права и возможности женщин и девочек?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Same participation as the disadvantaged groups. Women are also part of the decision making body.

Сумел ли Подход стимулировать молодежь/ будущее поколение землепользователей заниматься УЗП?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Same participation as the disadvantaged groups. Generall people of the age group 30-45 have are the leader of associations - supported by their elders - to address and develop water ressouce management of their villages.

Сумел ли Подход способствовать улучшению продовольственой безопасности/ качества питания?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Through the approach water efficient technologies are promoted, which allow to increase production and improve food security.

Сумел ли Подход улучшить санитарные условия и доступ к водоснабжению?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

Through the approach options to improve access to water for domestic use are promoted. Access to clean drinking water at households' proximity contributes to improved sanitation.

Сумел ли Подход улучшить способность землепользователей адаптироваться к изменениям климата и смягчать последствия катастрофических погодных явлений?
  • Нет
  • Да, немного
  • Да, умеренно
  • Да, существенно

The result of the WUMP approach is a set of options, where efficient use of water and water saving technologies are promoted e.g. water harvesting.

6.2 Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП

  • рост продуктивности

WUMP aims to improve access and availability of water. More water for irrgation and efficient water use technologies contribute to increased yields. Consequently surface for agricultural production can be extended.

  • рост прибыли (доходности) и рентабельности

By promoting efficient water utilization techniques, this can reduce costs, especially where power driven water pumping is involved.

  • снижение деградации земель

Earlier in areas of water scarcity flood irrigation, which leds to erosion, was applied. This approach helps to promote more sustainble irrigation options.

  • снижение риска катастрофических погодных явлений

In the initial analysis stage of WUMP different water related hazards, mainly floods and droughts, are identified. As a result options to reduce according risks are identified and promoted.

  • нормативно-правовое регулирование (штрафы)/ контроль

This approach help in aligning the traditional rules with formal rules and regulation in water management. The associations are not only right holders but they are also duty barer to communities.

  • экологическая сознательность

The approach promotes a sustainable water resource management. It promotes conservation and balances it with an efficient use of water fo rdifferent purposes. At the assessment stage potential problems related to unsustainable practices are analized and addressed.

  • приобретение знаний и опыта в области УЗП

Communities are informed and empowered to identify and contribute to the implementation of options for sustainable water management.

  • снижение остроты конфликтов

This approach provide opportunity to all stakeholders especially the up-stream & down stream users to resolve water related disputes through a joint dialogue. It further contributes to resolve disputes between communities and govtl. departments.

6.3 Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода

Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?
  • да
Если да, опишите как:

For the prioritisation of technologies implemented through WUMP, options which require only minimal external inputs and are easy to sustain by the land user, where promoted.

6.4 Сильные стороны/ преимущества Подхода

Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению землепользователей
Participatory and inclusive process, which ensures ownership by local actors, promotes coordination and fosters partnerships between different actors.
The proritized measures selected through the WUMP approach promote a sustainable use of water resources through water conservation and efficient water use.
Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению составителя или других ключевых специалистов
Strengthening of local institutional capacities, establishment ofan inventory/ data used as base line in the water sector.
Flexible for improvement, since the WUMP is reviewed each 3-5 year
Officially recognized and accepted planning tool at regional level, which provides opportunities for investment by other actors based on communities' priorities.

6.5 Слабые стороны/ недостатки Подхода и пути их преодоления

Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению землепользователей Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения?
Time consuming preparation process, high initial cost for the preparation

 Ensure regular feature of planing (continuous process)
Lack of technical capacities at local level Capacity building trainings of local institutions (VOs/ WUAs/WUGs) in planning. Provide suport at local level through the project and government extension services.
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения?
Replication and upscaling require talor-made adjustments


 Technical capacity building of govt. departments.
WUMP application in large scale in areas (big catchment areas, limited access) Lobbying for support and resources at different governmental level.
Important mobilisation of resources by other stakeholders for implementation Inclusion of WUMP priorities by the govt. department in their respective annual development plans.

7. Справочные материалы и ссылки

7.1 Методы сбора/источники информации

  • выезды на места, полевые обследования

- field visit all involved villages, organisation of focal group discussions

  • опросы землепользователей

land user where the key informants.

  • опросы специалистов/экспертов по УЗП

Meeting with technical departments for data/ information regarding their respective services and experience

  • данные, собранные из отчетов и достоверных документов

Support from secondary data/ reports of the concerned department, analysis of the primary data, compilation and reporting.

7.3 Ссылки на материалы, доступные онлайн

Название/ описание:

Water Use master Plan (WUMP) Project experience Nepal, Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation Nepal

Адрес в сети Интернет:

https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/13_waterusemasterplan_wump_blau_final_engl_a4_portrait.pdf

Название/ описание:

Water Use master Plan (WUMP) - facilitator's guide book, 2015, Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation Nepal

Адрес в сети Интернет:

http://www.rainfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Nepal-Module-final_SF.pdf

Ссылки и модули

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