Grazing cow in between the unfenced apple orchard (Malgorzata Conder)
The farmer grows red, yellow and white apples in his orchard of 3.75 ha. Wheat is growing in the slightly pronounced terraces and recently some vines were planted this year. The rain fed orchard lies in the low part of the middle zone and has a slight slope. The absence of control and fence results in broken branches and trampled parts in the plot. The farmer is sharing the property with his four brothers, who inherited the property from their father in 1993 or 1994. The orchard was established during Soviet time in 1988. The government paid for the material and the farmer’s family did the labour. The government paid them for that input by crop yield. In addition to the orchard the farmer sewed wheat between the rows several years ago which adds up to a hectare of wheat crop in total. In the current year (2012), the workload and the yield have been very small. As there was heavy rainfall in spring, the farmer did not see the need to loose soil around the trees. The already old fruit trees gave low yield and, because of a hale storm, apples were destroyed.
Purpose of the Technology: Initially the government planned to manage land and make it more profitable by establishing orchards. Due to that intention the farmer’s family had work, subsistent crop and cash crops. Today the main source of income is the remittances from the sons who work in Russia. The farmer works part time as a taxi driver. The orchard lost its importance of main income.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: At the time of the establishment of the fruit trees, the Soviet government paid for the seedlings and tractor fuel. Labour was done by the farmer, his brothers and their parents. The whole family worked for two years to build the orchard because they only had the possibility to work in the evenings and on weekends. Nowadays it is still a part time job for the farmer. Maintenance activities consist of ploughing, occasional soil loosening around the trees, pruning and harvesting apples and wheat. The wheat is cut by hand, which is very hard work. Because of heavy rainfalls last spring no soil was loosened. There is nobody to protect the orchard from grazing livestock.
Natural / human environment: The orchard lies on a foothill in the middle zone, close to the settlements of the valley. The apples trees are growing in rows on small terraces built by ploughing for years. Down- and upwards there are also orchards growing, all delimited laterally by the riverbed and a road. On one side of the plot a gully is developing rapidly. All of the neighbouring orchards seem to have a lack of maintenance and control. The orchards lying above but not far away from the settlements are accessible by car and tractor.
สถานที่: Muminabad, Khatlon, Tajikistan, ทาจิกิสถาน
ตำนวนการวิเคราะห์เทคโนโลยี:
การเผยแพร่ของเทคโนโลยี: กระจายไปอย่างสม่ำเสมอในพื้นที่ (approx. < 0.1 ตร.กม.(10 เฮกตาร์))
In a permanently protected area?:
วันที่ในการดำเนินการ: 10-50 ปี
ประเภทของการแนะนำ
| ปัจจัยนำเข้า | หน่วย | ปริมาณ | ค่าใช้จ่ายต่อหน่วย (Somoni) | ค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งหมดต่อปัจจัยนำเข้า (Somoni) | %ของค่าใช้จ่ายที่ก่อให้เกิดขึ้นโดยผู้ใช้ที่ดิน |
| แรงงาน | |||||
| Buying, transporting and planting tree | person days | 50.0 | 12.422 | 621.1 | 100.0 |
| อุปกรณ์ | |||||
| Machine use | Days | 1.0 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |
| วัสดุด้านพืช | |||||
| Seedlings | Seedlings | 1200.0 | 1.03516666 | 1242.2 | |
| ค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งหมดของการจัดตั้งเทคโนโลยี | 1'879.9 | ||||
| Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD | 389.21 | ||||
| ปัจจัยนำเข้า | หน่วย | ปริมาณ | ค่าใช้จ่ายต่อหน่วย (Somoni) | ค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งหมดต่อปัจจัยนำเข้า (Somoni) | %ของค่าใช้จ่ายที่ก่อให้เกิดขึ้นโดยผู้ใช้ที่ดิน |
| แรงงาน | |||||
| Plowing | Person days | 0.75 | 12.4 | 9.3 | 100.0 |
| Sowing | Person days | 0.375 | 12.4 | 4.65 | 100.0 |
| Cutting wheat manually | Person days | 36.75 | 12.4 | 455.7 | 100.0 |
| Soil loosening | Trees | 1000.0 | 0.1941 | 194.1 | 100.0 |
| อุปกรณ์ | |||||
| Petrol | liters | 40.0 | 1.1375 | 45.5 | 100.0 |
| Machine use | Hours | 3.0 | 6.9 | 20.7 | 100.0 |
| วัสดุด้านพืช | |||||
| Seeds | Kg | 200.0 | 0.414 | 82.8 | 100.0 |
| อื่น ๆ | |||||
| Pruning | Trees | 400.0 | 0.711 | 284.4 | 100.0 |
| Harvesting apples | Apples | 1000.0 | 0.7453 | 745.3 | 100.0 |
| ค่าใช้จ่ายทั้งหมดของการบำรุงรักษาสภาพเทคโนโลยี | 1'842.45 | ||||
| Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD | 381.46 | ||||
middle-term increase however possibility of lower harvest due to lack of maintenance
not on short-term, low harvest if maintenance is done poorly.
Less mainetnance work
low harvest, but it is not the only source of income
Difficult to compare established orchard with szenario without orchard
