A buffer strip of grass is left uncultivated in the middle of an area of steep sloping cropland to help reduce soil erosion.
A grass strip, approximately 10m wide is left uncultivated across the upper part of the slope. This buffer strip is followed by an adjacent drainage ditch to enhance the technology’s capability of reducing run-on onto the field further down the slope. Neighbouring land users decided to implement the technology in order to reduce soil erosion on their cropland (wheat, chickpeas and flax), and to prevent disputes about land management practices. Upslope and downslope land users reported a significant reduction of observed rill development and fertility decline, emphasising that the benefits of the grass strip offset the area of crop land lost to it. The farmers paid equally for the lost cropland area.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Apart from the annual digging of the drainage ditch no establishment activities are required, since the grass strip was simply left uncultivated when the former pasture was turned into cropland. The drainage ditch needs to be cleared out of soil on a regular basis; the grass strip is cut for haymaking once during each growing season. The technology is neither cost nor labour intensive and is easy to implement. Farmers state the area lost to the grass growing as the only disadvantage. However, the grass strip alone does only reduce, not fully prevent soil erosion and should therefore be combined with other SWC technologies such as drainage ditches, terraces and/or agroforestry.
Further specification of location:
Specify the spread of the Technology:
- evenly spread over an area
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
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This buffer strip is followed by an adjacent drainage ditch to enhance the technology\u2019s capability of reducing run-on onto the field further down the slope. Neighbouring land users decided to implement the technology in order to reduce soil erosion on their cropland (wheat, chickpeas and flax), and to prevent disputes about land management practices. Upslope and downslope land users reported a significant reduction of observed rill development and fertility decline, emphasising that the benefits of the grass strip offset the area of crop land lost to it. The farmers paid equally for the lost cropland area.\r\n\r\nEstablishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Apart from the annual digging of the drainage ditch no establishment activities are required, since the grass strip was simply left uncultivated when the former pasture was turned into cropland. The drainage ditch needs to be cleared out of soil on a regular basis; the grass strip is cut for haymaking once during each growing season. The technology is neither cost nor labour intensive and is easy to implement. Farmers state the area lost to the grass growing as the only disadvantage. However, the grass strip alone does only reduce, not fully prevent soil erosion and should therefore be combined with other SWC technologies such as drainage ditches, terraces and/or agroforestry.", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e 10 \u043c \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430 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\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b \u0438/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e."}}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_area": "tech_spread_less_01", "tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_evenly"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_experiments"]}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_degradation"]}], "tech_qg_7": [{"tech_lu_comments": {"en": "Major land use problems (compiler\u2019s opinion): severe water erosion (rills and gullies) and subsequent fertility decline\r\n\r\nMajor land use problems (land users\u2019 perception): fertility decline, soil erosion and washing downslope of seeds before they can sprout.\r\n\r\nType of cropping system and major crops comments: winter wheat and sometimes chickpeas are sown in autumn because farmers lack time for land cultivation in spring, flax and also chickpeas are cultivated in spring", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f): \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f (\u0440\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438) \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f): \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\r\n\r\n\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435: \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041b\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439"}}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_vegetative"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_1", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"], "tech_growing_seasons_specify": {"en": "Longest growing period in days: 210Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Aug", "ru": "\u0412\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 (\u0434\u043d\u0438): 210. \u0412\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430\u043c: \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442 - \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442"}, "tech_lu_cropland_annual_cropping_crops": ["annual_crops_434", "annual_crops_453", "annual_crops_445"]}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_groundcover", "tech_slm_group_crossslope"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a1"]}], "tech_qg_22": [{"tech_measures_vegetative_sub": ["measures_vegetative_v2"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "Main measures: vegetative measures\r\n\r\nSecondary measures: agronomic measures\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435\r\n\r\nType of vegetative measures: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439: -\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_erosion_water", "degradation_chemical"]}], "tech_qg_28": [{"degradation_erosion_water_sub": ["degradation_wt", "degradation_wg"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn"]}], "tech_qg_34": [{"degradation_comments": {"en": "Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion\r\n\r\nSecondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content", "ru": "\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438: \u0412\u0432 (Wt): \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b / \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438: \u0412\u043e (Wg): \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044f / \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u0425\u0430 (Cn): \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435 (\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439)"}}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"], "tech_prevention_comments": {"en": "Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation\r\n\r\nSecondary goals: prevention of land degradation", "ru": "\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 / \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c"}}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "sowing of crop / annual", "ru": "\u0441\u0435\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f/\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "digging of drainage ditch", "ru": "\u0420\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "rainy season / after every rainfall event", "ru": "\u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0439/\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u044f"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "clearing of drainage ditch from washed in soil", "ru": "\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "summer /annual", "ru": "\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "cutting of grass (haymaking)", "ru": "\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441)"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "digging of drainage ditch", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 1.0}, {"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "ha", "ru": "ha"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 3.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "clearing of drainage ditch from washed in soil", "ru": "\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 1.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 3.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "Machinery/ tools: tools: spade, sickle\r\n\r\ncosts per hectare (including adjacent land upslope and dowslope)", "ru": "\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440 (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430)"}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_751_1000"]}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid", "tech_agroclimatic_zone_semiarid"], "tech_agroclimatic_zone_specifications": {"en": "growing period 180-210 days\r\n", "ru": "\u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 180-210 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439\r\n"}}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_hilly", "tech_slopes_steep"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_mountainslopes", "tech_landforms_hillslopes"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_1000_1500", "tech_altitudinalzone_1500_2000"]}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_verydeep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_medium", "tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium", "tech_soil_texture_fine"]}], "tech_qg_59": [{"tech_soil_comments": {"en": "Soil fertility: medium - high\r\n\r\nSoil drainage / infiltration: medium - good", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 - \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f - \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f"}}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_average"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_50_plus"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_subsistence", "tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_1_2", "tech_land_size_2_5"], "tech_land_comments": {"en": "Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology also 0.5-1 ha", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438: 0.5-1 \u0433\u0430, 1-2 \u0433\u0430, 2-5 \u0433\u0430"}}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_state"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_leased"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_cropproduction": 5}], "tech_qg_77": [{"tech_landuser_comments": {"en": "75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land (since technology requires space, poor and very poor farmers will find it difficult to implement).\r\n\r\nOff-farm income specification: In general, all farmers (including those applying SWC technologies) are highly dependent on off-farm income, which in most cases is earned in Russia either by themselves or by their relatives.\r\n\r\nLevel of mechanization: Steep slopes do not allow cultivation by tractor or animal traction\r\n\r\nMarket orientation of production system mixed (subsistence/ commercial): Only surpluses are sold or exchanged for other goods\r\n", "ru": "75% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u044e\u0442 70% \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 (\u041e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e).\r\n\r\n\u0414\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b: \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432) \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438"}}], "tech_qg_87": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "loss of land for crop production", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430"}, "tech_impacts_productionarea": 2}], "tech_qg_93": [{"tech_input_est_comments": {"en": "Duration of establishment phase: 0 month(s)", "ru": "\u0421\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: 0 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432"}}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "If the technology is not established at the point of the initial cultivation of the cropland, grass clods will need to be transplanted which considerably increases the establishment costs", "ru": "\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_TJK", "state_province": {"en": "RRS", "ru": "\u0422\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d"}, "further_location": {"en": "Faizabad", "ru": "\u0424\u0430\u0438\u0437a\u0431a\u0434"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_farmincome": 4}], "tech_qg_113": [{"tech_impacts_community": 5}], "tech_qg_125": [{"tech_impacts_soilmoisture": 4}], "tech_qg_126": [{"tech_impacts_soilcover": 4}], "tech_qg_127": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "prevented formation of large rills", "ru": "\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0438\u043d"}, "tech_impacts_soilloss": 6}], "tech_qg_147": [{"tech_impacts_downstreamflooding": 7}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_dollar": "tech_input_dollars", "tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "3.00", "ru": "3.00"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_activity": {"en": "no establishment activities needed as grass strip is left uncultivated", "ru": "\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439"}}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_positive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"user_id": "232", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}, {"user_id": "1166", "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_slmspecialist"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "64dcee2f-b3bf-459f-a4eb-e814a4ca5192", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Erik B\u00fchlmann, Berne, Switzerland", "ru": "\u042d\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0411\u044e\u0445\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d), \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d, \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "Grass strip with adjacent drainage ditch on an area of steep sloping cropland\r\n\r\nLocation: Karsang. Faizabad Rayon, RRS\r\n\r\nDate: 16.07.2005\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low\r\n\r\nTechnical knowledge required for land users: low\r\n\r\nMain technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, reduction of slope length\r\n\r\nSecondary technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, improvement of ground cover, increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil\r\n\r\nAgronomic measure: drainage ditch\r\nRemarks: width: 0.3m, depth: 0.1m, adjacent to grass strip\r\n\r\nAligned: -contour\r\nVegetative material: G : grass\r\nWidth within rows / strips / blocks (m): 10\r\n\r\nSlope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 60%", "ru": "\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\r\n\r\n\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0433. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434, \u0420\u0420\u041f\r\n\r\n\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430: 16.07.2005\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 / \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 / \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 / \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432,...)\r\n\r\n\u0410\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b: \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430: 0.3 \u043c, \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430: 0.1\u043c, \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0439\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: -\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b: \u0422: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\r\n\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 / \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441 / \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043c): 10\r\n\u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d (\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435): 60%"}}], "tech_qg_189": [{"tech_impacts_other_measure": 4, "tech_impacts_other_specify": {"en": "soil fertility", "ru": "\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelleft": {"en": "decreased", "ru": "\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}, "tech_impacts_other_labelright": {"en": "icreased", "ru": "\u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c"}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_comments": {"en": "100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support\r\n\r\n1 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support\r\n\r\nComments on spontaneous adoption: estimates\r\n\r\nThere is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: no other land users have adopted the technology so far", "ru": "100% \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438.\r\n\r\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438.\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438\r\n\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438\r\n\r\n\r\nComments on adoption trend: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043b \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044e"}, "tech_adoption_quantify": {"en": "Household 1", "ru": "1 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e"}, "tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_singlecases", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 4.0}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 4.0}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "16/07/2005"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1489143646095,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[69.3805,38.59649999999999]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 15}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "effectively reduces formation of large rills on steep sloping cropland\r\n\r\nHow can they be sustained / enhanced? substitution of drainage ditch with a permanent cut-off drain (graded) would enhance the technologies capability of reducing soil erosion", "ru": "\u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c? \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435) \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "very little costs for establishment and maintainance", "ru": "\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "easy to implement, easy to maintain", "ru": "\u041b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "helps to prevent disputes between neighbouring land users about land management practices", "ru": "\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 155}, {"funding_institution": 426}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "protects his land from water erosion", "ru": "\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "prevents downslope washing of seeds before germination", "ru": "\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044f\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "no conflicts about land management with neighbours upslope", "ru": "\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "defines field boundaries", "ru": "\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f"}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "does only reduce, not fully prevent soil erosion", "ru": "\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u044b"}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "combination with other SWC technologies, such as graded drainage ditches (TAJ10)", "ru": "\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 SWC, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b (TAJ10)"}}, {"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "occupies a relatively large amount of space", "ru": "\u0417\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "loss of cropland area only disadvantage", "ru": "\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_1003/map/', 'template': 'raw'}