Cardamom planting is a non timber forest product. Wild cardamom planting take place in traditional agroforestry systems based on shifting agriculture. The objectives of this technologies are to reach sustainable forest use and to generate household income.
Wild cardamom (Amomum subulatum) is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) that grows naturally in South Asia at elevations between 600 and 1.200 meters under the canopy of humid tropical forests (average temperature between 15-25 °C, PH level between 5,5- 6,5). In Laos, completely wild cardamom is still found in mountainous secondary forest at an elevation upwards of 700 meters, mainly near watercourses. In the past, it was commonly found by local people but never harvested or used. However, the international demand for cardamom began in 2000, and increased dramatically since then. This encouraged an increasing number of local villagers to collect cardamom from natural forest areas for sale to generate income for their households. This, however, caused depletion of cardamom in forest areas and also created conflicts among the people. Hence, the village people started to collect cardamom seedlings from the forest to cultivate them in their own upland fields, where farmers used to have upland rice cultivation before. Normally after rice harvest, they planted wild cardamom seedlings and led them grow up thogether with other wild plants and trees. It was treated as a kind of fallow. As a result of the domestication they were able to save time compared to the collection of wild cardamom in the forest. In 2002 it is estimated that two third of the harvest came from plantations. Cardamom cultivation on former fallow fields does not require significant investments – only hoes, knifes, and bags for collecting natural cardamom seedlings. One hectare of land requires around 15 days of seedling collection in the forest. The selected seedlings should reach an appropriate maturity (dark green leaves with 1 to 2 yellow leaves, height of stem about 1 to 2 meters) that promotes stem production, ensures high survival rate during transportation, and tolerates new environmental conditions at the planting site. Then, cardamom seedlings need to be replanted at latest two days after collection in the prepared plot. Typically, people plant cardamom during June – July with the beginning of wet season. Before in May, bush clearance is needed, but higher trees should be preserved at approximately 40 percent to provide a canopy for the required shadow to the cardamom. Vegetation removal necessitates observation and background knowledge of the individual land user. Cardamom planting should be established in lines and rows as follow: the space between the rows is 1 meter and 1.2 meters between the lines. The planting holes for the cardamom seedlings are 20 x 20 cm and 10 to 15 centimetres in depth. The space between the plants is 2 x 2 m, which facilitates the accessibility during weeding, maintenance, and harvest. It is recommended that farmers should plant three seedlings per hole. On average, there will be 2,500 holes/ha that requires a total of 7,500 seedlings per hectare. After that, fertile soil should be applied to refill the holes by moderate feet pressure at the end. Most farmers don’t use manure or fertilizers in their cardamom cultivations. Maintenance requires mainly the thinning of some tree branches to provide adequate sunlight as required by the cardamom plants. This can be implemented once a year after harvest. Cardamom plants provide fruits within four years after planting. During the establishment period till the first harvest the farmer’s workload increases as they have to collect still wild cardamom in the forests as well. Harvesting can be carried out annually during August – September with an average production of 320 kg per hectare for dried cardamom and approximately 578 kg of fresh cardamom. The market demand for this kind of cardamom is high, because it is internationally requested as medicinal product. Therefore, the local people are satisfied with the selling price offered by middle men who buy the production at 70,000 Kip/kg. Benefits from cardamom plantation include more income for local people, increase in forest cover, stabilization of slash and burn shifting cultivation and less impacts on agricultural lands. In addition, cardamom plantations help balancing the ecosystem and provide natural habitats for various animal and plant species.
Country:
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Further specification of location:
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Wild cardamom planting take place in traditional agroforestry systems based on shifting agriculture. The objectives of this technologies are to reach sustainable forest use and to generate household income.", "lo": "\u0edd\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0edc\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e84\u0eb7\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e87\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0e94\u0ebb\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0e9e\u0e94\u0edc\u0eb7\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0e8a\u0eb6\u0ec8\u0e87\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e81\u0e9e\u0ebb\u0e9a\u0ec0\u0eab\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0ec3\u0e99\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e97\u0eb3\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0ea2\u0eb9\u0ec8\u0e9a\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e99\u0e97\u0eb5\u0ec8\u0ec0\u0e84\u0eb5\u0e8d\u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0eb5 \u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e88\u0eb9\u0e94\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e96\u0eb2\u0e87\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec0\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e94\u0ec4\u0eae\u0ec8 \u0ec0\u0e9e\u0eb7\u0ec8\u0ead\u0ec0\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e94\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e9c\u0eb0\u0ea5\u0eb4\u0e94. \u0e88\u0eb8\u0e94\u0e9b\u0eb0\u0eaa\u0ebb\u0e87 \u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0ec0\u0e95\u0eb1\u0e81\u0e99\u0eb4\u0e81 \u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81\u0edd\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0edc\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0eb9\u0ec8\u0ec0\u0e82\u0e94\u0e84\u0ec9\u0ead\u0e8d\u0e8a\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0ec8\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e9e\u0eb7\u0ec8\u0ead\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e99\u0eb3\u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9, \u0e88\u0eb1\u0e94\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0e84\u0eb8\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0e84\u0ead\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9 \u0ec1\u0e9a\u0e9a\u0e8d\u0eb7\u0e99\u0e8d\u0ebb\u0e87 \u0ec1\u0ea5\u0eb0 \u0e97\u0eb1\u0e87\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0eaa\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e87\u0ea5\u0eb2\u0e8d\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e9a \u0ec3\u0eab\u0ec9\u0ec1\u0e81\u0ec8\u0e84\u0ead\u0e9a\u0e84\u0ebb\u0ea7."}}], "tech_qg_2": [{"tech_description": {"en": "Wild cardamom (Amomum subulatum) is a non-timber forest product (NTFP) that grows naturally in South Asia at elevations between 600 and 1.200 meters under the canopy of humid tropical forests (average temperature between 15-25 \u00b0C, PH level between 5,5- 6,5). In Laos, completely wild cardamom is still found in mountainous secondary forest at an elevation upwards of 700 meters, mainly near watercourses. In the past, it was commonly found by local people but never harvested or used. However, the international demand for cardamom began in 2000, and increased dramatically since then. This encouraged an increasing number of local villagers to collect cardamom from natural forest areas for sale to generate income for their households. This, however, caused depletion of cardamom in forest areas and also created conflicts among the people. Hence, the village people started to collect cardamom seedlings from the forest to cultivate them in their own upland fields, where farmers used to have upland rice cultivation before. Normally after rice harvest, they planted wild cardamom seedlings and led them grow up thogether with other wild plants and trees. It was treated as a kind of fallow. As a result of the domestication they were able to save time compared to the collection of wild cardamom in the forest. In 2002 it is estimated that two third of the harvest came from plantations. Cardamom cultivation on former fallow fields does not require significant investments \u2013 only hoes, knifes, and bags for collecting natural cardamom seedlings. One hectare of land requires around 15 days of seedling collection in the forest. The selected seedlings should reach an appropriate maturity (dark green leaves with 1 to 2 yellow leaves, height of stem about 1 to 2 meters) that promotes stem production, ensures high survival rate during transportation, and tolerates new environmental conditions at the planting site. Then, cardamom seedlings need to be replanted at latest two days after collection in the prepared plot. Typically, people plant cardamom during June \u2013 July with the beginning of wet season. Before in May, bush clearance is needed, but higher trees should be preserved at approximately 40 percent to provide a canopy for the required shadow to the cardamom. Vegetation removal necessitates observation and background knowledge of the individual land user. Cardamom planting should be established in lines and rows as follow: the space between the rows is 1 meter and 1.2 meters between the lines. The planting holes for the cardamom seedlings are 20 x 20 cm and 10 to 15 centimetres in depth. The space between the plants is 2 x 2 m, which facilitates the accessibility during weeding, maintenance, and harvest. It is recommended that farmers should plant three seedlings per hole. On average, there will be 2,500 holes/ha that requires a total of 7,500 seedlings per hectare. After that, fertile soil should be applied to refill the holes by moderate feet pressure at the end. Most farmers don\u2019t use manure or fertilizers in their cardamom cultivations. Maintenance requires mainly the thinning of some tree branches to provide adequate sunlight as required by the cardamom plants. This can be implemented once a year after harvest. Cardamom plants provide fruits within four years after planting. During the establishment period till the first harvest the farmer\u2019s workload increases as they have to collect still wild cardamom in the forests as well. Harvesting can be carried out annually during August \u2013 September with an average production of 320 kg per hectare for dried cardamom and approximately 578 kg of fresh cardamom. The market demand for this kind of cardamom is high, because it is internationally requested as medicinal product. Therefore, the local people are satisfied with the selling price offered by middle men who buy the production at 70,000 Kip/kg. Benefits from cardamom plantation include more income for local people, increase in forest cover, stabilization of slash and burn shifting cultivation and less impacts on agricultural lands. In addition, cardamom plantations help balancing the ecosystem and provide natural habitats for various animal and plant species.", "lo": "\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0ec8\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e84\u0ec8\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e87\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0e94\u0ebb\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0e9e\u0e94\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0eb7\u0e87 \u0e97\u0ec8\u0eb5\u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb5\u0e94\u0e82\u0ec9\u0eb6\u0e99\u0ec0\u0ead\u0e87 \u0e95\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0e97\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0ea1\u0eb5\u0e84\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eaa\u0eb9\u0e87 \u0e88\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e94\u0eb1\u0e9a \u0eab\u0e99\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e99\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0ec9\u0e97\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0ea5 600 - 1200 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e94, \u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb5\u0e94\u0ea2\u0ec8\u0eb9\u0e9a\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e99 \u0e97\u0eb5\u0ea1\u0eb5\u0ead\u0eb2\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0e8a\u0eb8\u0ec8\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0ea2\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0ec1\u0ea5\u0eb0 \u0ea1\u0eb5\u0ec1\u0eaa\u0e87\u0ec1\u0e94\u0e94\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec9\u0ead\u0e8d \u0e8a\u0ec8\u0eb6\u0e87\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0e88\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0ea5\u0eb4\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e95\u0eb5\u0e9a\u0ec2\u0e95 \u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0e94\u0eb5\u0ec3\u0e99\u0eae\u0ebb\u0ec8\u0ea1\u0e81\u0ead\u0ec9\u0e87\u0e95\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0e99\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9 (\u0ead\u0eb8\u0e99\u0eab\u0eb0\u0e9e\u0eb9\u0ea1 \u0eaa\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0ea5\u0ec8\u0e8d 15-25 \u0ead\u0ebb\u0e87\u0eaa\u0eb2, \u0e84\u0ec8\u0eb2 PH= 5,5 - 6,5). \u0ec3\u0e99\u0ec0\u0ea1\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e81\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e99 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e8a\u0ebb\u0e99 \u0ec0\u0e84\u0eb5\u0e8d\u0e9e\u0ebb\u0e9a\u0ec0\u0eab\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0ec1\u0e95\u0ec8\u0e9a\u0ecd\u0ec8\u0ec0\u0e84\u0eb5\u0e8d \u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e81\u0eb9\u0ec9 \u0eab\u0eb7\u0ebc \u0ec0\u0ead\u0ebb\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9 \u0ec0\u0e99\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e87\u0e88\u0eb2\u0e81\u0e9a\u0ecd\u0ec8\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0eaa\u0eb4\u0e99\u0e84\u0ec9\u0eb2. 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Thus, long fallow period normally needed for rice cultivation on the same plot can be compensated. 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{"en": "Collecting of cardamom seedlings", "lo": "\u0e8a\u0ead\u0e81\u0e82\u0eb8\u0e94\u0ec0\u0e9a\u0ec9\u0e8d \u0edd\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0edc\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0eb9\u0ec8\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "July", "lo": "\u0ec0\u0e94\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e99\u0e81\u0ecd\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e81\u0ebb\u0e94"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Planting", "lo": "\u0e99\u0eb3\u0ec0\u0e9a\u0ec9\u0e8d\u0edd\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0edc\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81"}}], "tech_qg_170": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "decrease", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_well"}], "tech_qg_171": [{"tech_exposure_season": "season_winter", "tech_exposure_incrdecr": "decrease", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_slightlypositive"}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_LAO", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Souvanchieng"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Bouathong"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_landuser", "user_resourceperson_other": {"en": "\u0e9c\u0eb9\u0ec9\u0eaa\u0eb1\u0e87\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0ea1\u0e82\u0ecd\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0eb9\u0e99", "lo": "\u0e9c\u0eb9\u0ec9\u0eaa\u0eb1\u0e87\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0ea1\u0e82\u0ecd\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0eb9\u0e99"}}, {"country": "country_LAO", "person_gender": "gender_female", "person_lastname": {"en": "\u0e9a\u0eb8\u0e94\u0e94\u0eb2\u0e97\u0ebb\u0e99", "lo": "\u0e9a\u0eb8\u0e94\u0e94\u0eb2\u0e97\u0ebb\u0e99"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "\u0e9a\u0ebb\u0ea7\u0e97\u0ead\u0e87", "lo": "\u0e9a\u0ebb\u0ea7\u0e97\u0ead\u0e87"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e9b\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e8a\u0ebb\u0e99", "lo": "\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e9b\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e8a\u0ebb\u0e99"}}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "c0aedb02-4f50-4562-a493-86c9ef1aaf8c", "tech_drawing_date": "13/05/2017", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Sinnalong Vongkhamchan", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0eb4\u0e99\u0e99\u0eb4\u0ea5\u0ebb\u0e87 \u0ea7\u0ebb\u0e87\u0e84\u0eb3\u0e88\u0eb1\u0e99"}, "tech_specifications": {"en": "- The land users prepare land during 5 days in May (selected cutting of trees and shrub)\r\n- During June to July, when wet season starts, the cardamom seedlings are collected in the forest. To cover 1 hectare 2 persons have to collect during 15 days (during the time cardamom is flowering). The land users select mature cardamom seedlings of (1 to 2 meters in height).\r\n- Planting holes are 20 x 20 cm, depth 10-15 cm, planting distance is 2 x 2 meters and per hole 3 seedlings are planted (2500 trees/ha).\r\n- Cardamom here is cultivated at a slope rate of 15%. 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\u0ec0\u0e94\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e99\u0ea1\u0eb5\u0e96\u0eb8\u0e99\u0eb2 \u0ec0\u0e96\u0eb4\u0e87 \u0ec0\u0e94\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e99\u0e81\u0ecd\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e81\u0ebb\u0e94 \u0e8a\u0ec8\u0eb6\u0e87\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e94\u0eb9\u0e9d\u0ebb\u0e99 \u0e81\u0ec8\u0ecd\u0ec4\u0e9b\u0e8a\u0ead\u0e81\u0eab\u0eb2\u0ec0\u0e9a\u0ec9\u0e8d \u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0ec8\u0eb9\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2 \u0ec2\u0e94\u0e8d\u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9\u0ec0\u0ea7\u0ea5\u0eb2\u0e9b\u0eb0 \u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e9915 \u0ea7\u0e99\u0eb1 (\u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9\u0ec1\u0eae\u0e87\u0e87\u0eb2\u0e99 2 \u0e84\u0ebb\u0e99), \u0ec0\u0ea5\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e81\u0e82\u0eb0\u0eab\u0e99\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0ea5\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0e95\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0e99\u0eaa\u0eb9\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e99 1-2 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e94. \u0e82\u0eb8\u0e94\u0e82\u0eb8\u0ea1 \u0e82\u0eb0\u0eab\u0e99\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0e84\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0e81\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ec9\u0e87 20 x 20 \u0e8a\u0eb1\u0e87\u0e95\u0eb4\u0ec1\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e94, \u0e84\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0ea5\u0eb5\u0e81 10-15 \u0e8a\u0eb1\u0e87\u0e95\u0eb4\u0ec1\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e94, \u0ec4\u0ea5\u0e8d\u0eb0\u0eab\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e87 \u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0e82\u0eb8\u0ea1 2x2 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0eb1\u0e94 \u0eaa\u0eb0\u0eab\u0ea5\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e95\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eab\u0ea7\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e87 \u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0e95\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0e99\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9, \u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81 3 \u0ec0\u0e9a\u0e8d\u0ec9 /\u0e82\u0eb8\u0ea1 (\u0eaa\u0eb0\u0ec0\u0ea5\u0ec8\u0e8d\u0ea1\u0eb5 2500 \u0e82\u0eb8\u0ea1/\u0ec0\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e81\u0e95\u0eb2). \u0e84\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0e84\u0ead\u0ec9\u0e8d\u0e8a\u0eb1\u0e99 \u0e82\u0ead\u0e87\u0e9e\u0eb7\u0ec9\u0e99\u0e97\u0ec8\u0eb5\u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81\u0ec1\u0ea1\u0ec8\u0e99 15%. \u0e9a\u0ec8\u0ecd\u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9\u0e9b\u0eb8\u0e8d\u0ec3\u0e94\u0ec6 \u0ec3\u0e99\u0e81\u0ecd\u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e99\u0eb5 \u0eaa\u0ea7\u0e99\u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87\u0e99\u0ec9\u0eb5 \u0ec3\u0e8a\u0ec9\u0e9e\u0ebd\u0e87\u0ec1\u0e95\u0ec8\u0e9d\u0ec8\u0eb8\u0e99\u0e84\u0ead\u0e81."}}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_10_50", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_90_100"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_218": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "kg", "lo": "\u0e81\u0eb4\u0ec2\u0ea5"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 300.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Manure", "lo": "\u0e9d\u0eb8\u0ec8\u0e99\u0e84\u0ead\u0e81"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 2500.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 750000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_219": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "kg", "lo": "\u0e81\u0eb4\u0ec2\u0ea5"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 2500.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "Manure", "lo": "\u0e9d\u0eb8\u0ec8\u0e99\u0e84\u0ead\u0e81"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 300.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 750000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 4195000.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 2250000.0}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 2, "tech_access_water": 1, "tech_access_energy": 1, "tech_access_health": 1, "tech_access_markets": 2, "tech_access_education": 2, "tech_access_financial": 1, "tech_access_employment": 1, "tech_access_techassistance": 2}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_232": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs_usd": 524.38}], "tech_qg_233": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs_usd": 281.25}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "12/05/2017"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1530117756565,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[107.09553,15.106520000000003]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_sources_field": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "1", "lo": "1"}}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 6}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Preservation of the forest resources and improvement of the local ecosystem through this sustainable cardamom cultivation.", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0e9b\u0ebb\u0e81\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e81\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e81\u0eaa\u0eb2 \u0e8a\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e9e\u0eb0\u0e8d\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ead\u0e99 \u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9 \u0ec1\u0ea5\u0eb0 \u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e9b\u0eb8\u0e87 \u0ea5\u0eb0\u0e9a\u0ebb\u0e9a\u0e99\u0eb4\u0ec0\u0ea7\u0e94\u0ea7\u0eb4\u0e97\u0eb0\u0e8d\u0eb2 \u0ec2\u0e94\u0e8d\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87\u0e9e\u0eb7\u0ec9\u0e99\u0ec0\u0ea1\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e87 \u0e9a\u0ec8\u0ecd\u0ec3\u0eab\u0ec9\u0eaa\u0eb9\u0e99\u0e9e\u0eb1\u0e99."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "The former traditional and extensive cardamom collection in the forests has been reduced, but the new cardamom plantation technique stabilized at the same time the shifting cultivation area.", "lo": "\u0eab\u0eb8\u0ebc\u0e94\u0e9c\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e99 \u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e82\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0e9b \u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e81\u0eb9\u0ec9 \u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0ec8\u0eb9\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9 \u0e97\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0ec1\u0e95\u0ec8\u0e9e\u0ead\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0e94\u0ebd\u0ea7\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e99\u0eb1\u0ec9\u0e99 \u0e81\u0ec8\u0ecd\u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0ec0\u0e9e\u0eb5\u0ec8\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0e99\u0eb7\u0ec9\u0ead\u0e97\u0eb5\u0ec8\u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81\u0edd\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec3\u0eaa\u0ec8\u0ec4\u0eae\u0ec8\u0e84\u0ebb\u0e87\u0e97\u0ec8\u0eb5."}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 6128}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Reduced conflicts regarding cardamom harvest that formerly was collected in the open forest.", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0eab\u0eb8\u0ebc\u0e94\u0e9c\u0ec8\u0ead\u0e99 \u0e9a\u0eb1\u0e99\u0eab\u0eb2\u0e82\u0ecd\u0ec9\u0e82\u0eb1\u0e94\u0ec1\u0e8d\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec3\u0e99\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e81\u0eb9\u0ec9\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0ec8\u0eb9\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e97\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb0\u0e8a\u0eb2\u0e94"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Increase in forest cover.", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0ec0\u0e9e\u0eb5\u0ec8\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0e99\u0ec9\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e97\u0ec8\u0eb5 \u0e9b\u0ebb\u0e81\u0e84\u0eb8\u0ea1 \u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0ea1\u0ec9 \u0ec3\u0eab\u0ec9\u0eab\u0ebc\u0eb2\u0e8d\u0e82\u0ec9\u0eb6\u0e99"}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Improved soil in the slash and burn shifting cultivation area.", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e94 \u0e9f\u0ec9\u0eb7\u0e99\u0e9f\u0eb9 \u0e9a\u0eb1\u0e99\u0eab\u0eb2\u0e94\u0eb4\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e8a\u0ec8\u0eb7\u0ead\u0ea1\u0ec2\u0e8a\u0ea1 \u0e88\u0eb2\u0e81\u0e81\u0eb4\u0e94\u0e88\u0eb0\u0e81\u0ecd\u0eb2 \u0e96\u0eb2\u0e87\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0ec0\u0eae\u0eb1\u0e94\u0ec4\u0eae\u0ec8 \u0ec1\u0e9a\u0e9a\u0ec0\u0ea5\u0ec8\u0eb7\u0ead\u0e99\u0ea5\u0ead\u0e8d"}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The higher amount of cardamom plants in the humid forest promoted snakes and mosquitos.", "lo": "\u0e9e\u0eb2\u0e8d\u0eab\u0eb1\u0ebc\u0e87 \u0e9b\u0eb9\u0e81\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec3\u0eaa\u0ec8\u0eaa\u0ea7\u0e99\u0ec1\u0ea5\u0ec9\u0ea7 \u0ec1\u0ea1\u0ec8\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0eae\u0ebb\u0e81\u0ec0\u0eae\u0eb7\u0ec9\u0ead\u0eab\u0ebc\u0eb2\u0e8d \u0e9e\u0eb2\u0ec3\u0eab\u0ec9\u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb5\u0e94\u0ea1\u0eb5\u0e8d\u0eb8\u0e87 \u0ec1\u0ea5\u0eb0 \u0e87\u0eb9\u0eab\u0ebc\u0eb2\u0e8d."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The land users had difficulties to find suitable cardamom seedlings, because the natural forests are very messy and humid.", "lo": "\u0eaa\u0ea7\u0e99\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ec0\u0e9b\u0eb1\u0e99\u0e9b\u0ec8\u0eb2\u0e95\u0eb6\u0e9a\u0eab\u0e99\u0eb2 \u0e8a\u0ec8\u0eb6\u0e87\u0eaa\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0e87\u0e84\u0ea7\u0eb2\u0ea1\u0ea5\u0ecd\u0eb2\u0e9a\u0eb2\u0e81 \u0ec3\u0e99\u0e81\u0eb2\u0e99\u0ec0\u0e82\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0eb2\u0ec4\u0e9b \u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0e81\u0eb9\u0ec9 \u0e9c\u0ebb\u0e99\u0e9c\u0eb0\u0ea5\u0eb4\u0e94 \u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87 \u0ea2\u0ec8\u0eb9\u0eaa\u0ea7\u0e99 \u0ec0\u0e9e\u0eb2\u0eb0\u0e95\u0ead\u0ec9\u0e87\u0ec4\u0e94\u0ec9\u0e81\u0ebb\u0ec9\u0ea1\u0ec0\u0e81\u0eb1\u0e9a\u0eab\u0ea1\u0eb2\u0e81\u0ec1\u0eab\u0e99\u0ec8\u0e87."}}, {"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "The strict eradication of the slash-and-burn practice by the new land allocation policy, limited and threat the traditional cardamom collection.", "lo": 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