Specify the spread of the Technology:

• applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

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In Northern Uganda, this technology involves several goats, raised in a shade constructed often of wooden materials. An average shade covers about 10 m by 2.5 m, and raised up to 0.5 m off the ground to protect the ruminants from vermin such as snakes and rats, as well as rainwater flooding. The ground floor may be cemented so that the droppings are kept free from mixing with other pesticides and various chemicals used to control external parasites that may contaminate the manure. The droppings generated by the animals are collected from underneath the shade and heaped in a pit for composting. The pit is covered for about two weeks using a grass and soil or polythene paper. After this period, the compost manure is mature and is ready for application in the fields to increase production. Because this technology involves goats, it is relatively easier and cheaper to maintain than the case of cattle in terms of feeding and maintenance. Besides, it is more efficient in providing manure for soil fertility improvement since the droppings generated by the animals are collected from underneath the shade and heaped in a pit for composting and collected over time. Moreover, the demand for goat meat is often high, thus its price remains steadily high during the year. To be able to manage this technology and to achieve desired benefits, the farmer must keep in contact with the extension worker for veterinary services because goat diseases are rampant in the region and vary from simple skin ailments, diarrhoea to severe conditions causing, loss of weight, abortion and death. The most common infections include; Scours that are more common in young goats and dirty pens caused by bacteria, coccidia, worms or even showing the following signs; loss of appetite, diarrhoea (yellow to red discoloration), pasting of faeces under and around the tail, loss of weight and high temperature. Goats are well known for their strength and resilience to diseases. However, this does not necessarily mean that they are never affected. This often accounts for a substantial part of the cost of production."}}], "tech_qg_3": [{"tech_sites_considered": "sites_considered_single"}], "tech_qg_4": [{"tech_spread_tech": "tech_spread_points"}], "tech_qg_5": [{"tech_who_implemented": ["implementation_innovation"]}], "tech_qg_6": [{"tech_main_purpose": ["main_purpose_production", "main_purpose_degradation", "main_purpose_conserve_ecosystem", "main_purpose_economic"]}], "tech_qg_8": [{"tech_measures": ["tech_measures_agronomic", "tech_measures_structural", "tech_measures_management"]}], "tech_qg_9": [{"tech_landuse_2018": ["tech_lu_cropland", "tech_lu_grazingland"]}], "qg_sources": [{"sources_used": ["source_field", "source_interviews_landusers"]}], "tech_qg_10": [{"tech_growing_seasons": "growing_season_2", "tech_lu_cropland_sub": ["lu_cropland_ca"]}], "tech_qg_11": [{"tech_lu_grazingland_intensive": ["tech_lu_grazingland_zerograzing"]}], "tech_qg_19": [{"tech_watersupply": "tech_watersupply_rainfed"}], "tech_qg_20": [{"tech_slm_group": ["tech_slm_group_croplivestock", "tech_slm_group_soilfertility"]}], "tech_qg_21": [{"tech_measures_agronomic_sub": ["measures_agronomic_a3"]}], "tech_qg_23": [{"tech_measures_structural_sub": ["measures_structural_s9"]}], "tech_qg_24": [{"tech_measures_management_sub": ["measures_management_m6"]}], "tech_qg_26": [{"tech_measures_comments": {"en": "M6 (composting)"}}], "tech_qg_27": [{"tech_degradation": ["degradation_chemical", "degradation_physical", "degradation_biological"]}], "tech_qg_30": [{"degradation_chemical_sub": ["degradation_cn", "degradation_ca"]}], "tech_qg_31": [{"degradation_physical_sub": ["degradation_ps"]}], "tech_qg_32": [{"degradation_biological_sub": ["degradation_bq", "degradation_bl"]}], "tech_qg_35": [{"tech_prevention": ["intervention_prevent_ld", "intervention_reduce_ld"]}], "tech_qg_36": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "persons"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 5000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Labour for construction on daily basis"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 3.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 15000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_39": [{"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Pieces"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 3000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "poles"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 20.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 60000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "Pieces"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 20000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "iron sheets"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 5.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 100000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "kgs"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 3000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "Nails"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 5.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 15000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}, {"tech_input_est_unit": {"en": "kgs"}, "tech_input_est_costs": 50000.0, "tech_input_est_specify": {"en": "wire mesh"}, "tech_input_est_quantity": 20.0, "tech_input_est_total_costs_pi": 1000000.0, "tech_input_est_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_43": [{"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "daily"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Manure collection and composting"}}, {"tech_maint_timing": {"en": "monthly"}, "tech_maint_activity": {"en": "Manure application to gardens"}}], "tech_qg_45": [{"tech_input_maint_unit": {"en": "persons"}, "tech_input_maint_costs": 5000.0, "tech_input_maint_specify": {"en": "labour on daily basis"}, "tech_input_maint_quantity": 3.0, "tech_input_maint_total_costs_pi": 15000.0, "tech_input_maint_percentage_costs": 100.0}], "tech_qg_52": [{"tech_input_maint_comments": {"en": "All the costs are covered by the land user."}}], "tech_qg_54": [{"tech_rainfall": ["tech_rainfall_1001_1500"], "tech_rainfall_annual": 1400.0}], "tech_qg_55": [{"tech_agroclimatic_zone": ["tech_agroclimatic_zone_subhumid"]}], "tech_qg_56": [{"tech_slopes": ["tech_slopes_gentle"], "tech_landforms": ["tech_landforms_ridges"], "tech_altitudinalzone": ["tech_altitudinalzone_1000_1500"]}], "tech_qg_57": [{"tech_convex_concave": "topography_not_relevant"}], "tech_qg_58": [{"tech_soil_depth": ["tech_soil_depth_moderatelydeep"], "tech_topsoil_organic": ["tech_topsoil_organic_low"], "tech_soil_texture_20cm": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"], "tech_soil_texture_topsoil": ["tech_soil_texture_medium"]}], "tech_qg_60": [{"tech_groundwater": "tech_groundwater_5_50m", "tech_surfacewater": "tech_surfacewater_good", "tech_waterquality": "tech_waterquality_good"}], "tech_qg_61": [{"tech_salinization": 0}], "tech_qg_63": [{"tech_flooding": 1}], "tech_qg_64": [{"tech_flooding_regularity": "tech_flooding_episodically"}], "tech_qg_66": [{"tech_habitatdiversity": "measure_medium", "tech_speciesdiversity": "measure_medium"}], "tech_qg_71": [{"tech_gender": ["gender_men"], "tech_wealth": ["tech_wealth_poor"], "tech_individuals": ["individuals_individual"], "tech_age_landusers": ["tech_age_middle"], "tech_mechanisation": ["mechanisation_manual"], "tech_offfarm_income": ["offfarm_income_10_50"], "tech_sedentary_nomadic": ["sedentary_sedentary"], "tech_market_orientation": ["tech_market_orientation_mixed"]}], "tech_qg_72": [{"tech_land_size": ["tech_land_size_05_1"], "tech_land_size_relative": ["tech_size_smallscale"]}], "tech_qg_73": [{"tech_ownership": ["tech_ownership_individualnottitled"], "tech_landuserights": ["tech_userights_individual"], "tech_wateruserights": ["tech_userights_communal"]}], "tech_qg_76": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to application of manure."}, "tech_impacts_cropproduction": 6}], "tech_qg_95": [{"tech_input_determinate_factors": {"en": "Labour takes most of the costs."}}], "qg_location": [{"country": "country_UGA", "state_province": {"en": "Western Uganda Region"}, "further_location": {"en": "Town"}}], "tech_qg_104": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Income increased from the sale of goats and the sale of maize."}, "tech_impacts_farmincome": 6}], "tech_qg_105": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "From goats, sheep, and maize."}, "tech_impacts_diversityincome": 6}], "tech_qg_133": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to application of animal manure."}, "tech_impacts_soilorganicmatter": 6}], "tech_qg_153": [{"tech_impacts_specify": {"en": "Due to controlled grazing."}, "tech_impacts_damageneighbourfield": 7}], "tech_qg_156": [{"tech_sustainability": 0, "tech_sustainability_indicate": {"en": "Local breed goats housed in a goat shed produce manure for annual and perennial cropland."}}], "tech_qg_160": [{"tech_implementation_year": 2015, "tech_implementation_decades": "implemenation_less_10"}], "tech_qg_163": [{"tech_perarea_size": {"en": "Less than 0.5 acres"}}], "tech_qg_164": [{"tech_input_average_wage": {"en": "5000 per person per day"}, "tech_input_exchange_rate": 3500.0, "tech_input_national_currency": {"en": "UGX"}}], "tech_qg_165": [{"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Once before establishment"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Drawing structural plan"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "once before estabslishment"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Purchasing and assembling material"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Once during establishment"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Measuring and laying out plan/pitting"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "During establishment"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Contsruction of the struture"}}, {"tech_est_timing": {"en": "Routine"}, "tech_est_activity": {"en": "Manure collection and composting"}}], "tech_qg_170": [{"tech_exposure_incrdecr": "decrease", "tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_181": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_negative"}], "tech_qg_182": [{"tech_costbenefit_est_long": "costbenefit_positive", "tech_costbenefit_est_short": "costbenefit_neutral"}], "tech_qg_183": [{"tech_costbenefit_comments": {"en": "Balanced at the time of establishment and positive within 1-2 years and more."}}], "tech_qg_184": [{"country": "country_UGA", "person_gender": "gender_male", "person_lastname": {"en": "Nyeko"}, "person_firstname": {"en": "Alex"}, "person_institution_name": {"en": "Laber Farm holdings"}, "user_resourceperson_type": "resourceperson_landuser"}], "tech_qg_185": [{"tech_drawing": "fd31e1ca-81a7-4214-b5bb-d0cc8eaaecbc", "tech_drawing_date": "01/02/2018", "tech_drawing_author": {"en": "Kaheru"}}, {"tech_drawing": "b5b1144d-a2e6-4530-b25d-ed55b6dee54f"}], "tech_qg_191": [{"tech_adoption_percentage": "adoption_percentage_singlecases", "tech_adoption_spontaneously": "tech_adoption_spont_10_50"}], "tech_qg_210": [{"tech_exposure_sensitivity": "cope_moderately"}], "tech_qg_217": [{"tech_cost_calculation_base": "tech_input_calc_per_area"}], "tech_qg_222": [{"tech_input_est_total_costs": 1190000.0}], "tech_qg_223": [{"tech_input_maint_total_costs": 15000.0}], "tech_qg_226": [{"tech_access_roads": 1, "tech_access_water": 1, "tech_access_energy": 2, "tech_access_health": 1, "tech_access_markets": 2, "tech_access_education": 2, "tech_access_financial": 1, "tech_access_employment": 1, "tech_access_techassistance": 2}], "tech_qg_230": [{"tech_adaptation_yes": 0}], "tech_qg_250": [{"date_documentation": "11/05/2017"}], "qg_location_map": [{"location_map": "{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":1529135223208,\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[33.07907381970886,3.1180590000000023]},\"properties\":null}]}"}], "qg_sources_field": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "01"}}], "qg_funding_project": [{"funding_project": 6}], "qg_accept_conditions": [{"accept_conditions": 1}], "qg_strengths_compiler": [{"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Goats are on demand and income is guaranteed once the farmer has his ruminants ready for sale each goes to 100,000-200,000 UGX equivalent to 26.5- 57 Unites states dollars depending on the size."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Small ruminant manure is good at improving soil fertility and is nutritious and increase crop yields significantly."}}, {"strengths_compiler": {"en": "Small ruminant requires medical/ veterinary attention which are readily available at sub-county level."}}], "qg_funding_institution": [{"funding_institution": 155}], "qg_strengths_landusers": [{"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Relatively cheap because it uses locally available materials and labour."}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Does not require expensive maintenance costs in terms of labour."}}, {"strengths_landuser": {"en": "Special skills are required for management and maintenance. The land user can even use family labour."}}], "qg_weaknesses_compiler": [{"weaknesses_compiler": {"en": "The technology is susceptible to diseases if not managed well. This may result to deaths."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Attend to the technology on a daily basis by cleaning the house shade and treating diseases."}}], "qg_weaknesses_landusers": [{"weaknesses_landuser": {"en": "Susceptible to thieves."}, "weaknesses_overcome": {"en": "Provide security to guard against thieves."}}], "qg_sources_interviews_landusers": [{"sources_specify": {"en": "01"}}]}>, 'map_url': '/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_2784/map/', 'template': 'raw'}