Rehabilitation techniques in southern Kalahari - Vegetative and Management
(南非)
描述
Shared interest by Mier Management Council and Provincial Department of Agriculture
Aims / objectives: Initially a combined effort by Department of Agriculture and Mier Management Council to combat degradation of game camps. Directed towards a male dominated farming community, also involving a few females (ages ranging from middle to old age). An objective was to educate towards awareness to degradation and techniques involving the rehabilitation of these areas and the prevention of getting to this state. Also including methods which prevent returning to this state. Initially using farmer???s days - education. Research came later, focussing on understanding the ecology of the area and then to concentrate on rehabilitation techniques. This was later introduced in farmer???s days, school education and education of management council. Stages of implementation: 1) Realisation by management council that veld was degraded. 2) Department of Agriculture requested to assist ??¡§ in the form of trial and error (i.e. resting camps, poisoning of shrubs). 3) Resting of camps showed no improvement, so Department requested assistance from Agricultural Research Council (Range and Forage Institute) to gain understanding of ecology of area. 4) Once understanding gained and techniques developed, education in the form of farmer???s days, school days and management council. Role of participants: 1) Nature Conservation: Initially involved in game number management. 2) Department of Agriculture: Advisory capacity management of techniques. 3) ARC - Research and advisory. 4) Management council ??¡§ labour control. 5) Community - involved through council in decision-making ??¡§ also jobs provided through labour.
地点
地点: Northern Cape, 南非
启动日期: 1988
终止年份: 不适用
方法的类型
Bush packing, dunes in the Kalahari Different techniques of bush backing.
Grass on dunes and in streets, no bushes – good condition.
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Income generation for tax subsidy in the community, job creation for males in the community, land care, development of eco-tourism, collaboration with local leadership)
Education ??¡§ in techniques to combat desertification, also in prevention of degradation Financial empowerment Management techniques
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Finance, education (very little education with regards to labours)
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: Hinder: moderate Farm-government won???t allow farmers to own land so attitude can be negative. Community reaps benefits from game farms.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Very poor community
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Landcare (money)
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机构设置: Financial - no money in Institute and Department
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Money
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其他: Political: leads to mistrust and uneasiness w.r.t. Money
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Work on the problem at hand and ignore politics
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构? |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
当地土地使用者/当地社区 |
Working land users were mainly men (Women did not work on project because of long distance to work). |
Labour, management.
Labour work far too heavy for women (injuries have occurred). Women are directed towards cultivation techniques of Harpagophytum procumbens or basic homeskills (sewing etc.) Males - chopping & packing Rhigozum on dunes (degraded dunes). |
教师/学龄儿童/学生 |
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NGO |
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Research, management, education |
国家政府(规划者、决策者) |
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Funding |
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
启动/动机
workshops/seminars, public meetings; Discussions to indicate where researchers see the project going and how the land users would like to see it go.
计划
workshops/seminars, public meetings; Field workshops & meetings-discuss how and where the project should be carried out.
实施
responsibility for major steps; Labour used for bushpacking responsibility for LandCare committee for salaries and labour.
监测/评估
public meetings,measurements/observations, reporting, workshop/seminars; Monitoring of project is on going by researchers with help of few labours. Congresses/workshops are used to describe process & public meetings allow community to be informed.
Research
on-station; On-farm & on-station is ongoing. Lab work for information on germination processes.
有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
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仅限土地使用者(自主)
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主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
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所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
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主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
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仅限SLM专家
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政治家和领袖
决策是基于
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对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
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研究结果
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个人经验和意见(无记录)
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
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能力建设/培训
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咨询服务
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机构强化(组织发展)
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监测和评估
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研究
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
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土地使用者
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现场工作人员/顾问
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school children/students, planners, politicians/decision makers
涵盖的主题
Rehabilitation ecological processes, cultivation, preventative agriculture
咨询服务
Name of method used for advisory service: Not formal approach; Key elements: Education, Labour, Development; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users, school children/students; Activities: Bushpacking techniques, education; Education
Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The project is still in first phase - next phase will include female portion of community.
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through measurements
technical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored hrough observations
economic / production aspects were regular monitored through measurements
area treated aspects were regular monitored through measurements
no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Packing designs of Rhigozum plants on bare dunes. The less expensive, most efficient design was chosen.
研究
研究涉及以下主题
Rehabilitation techniques must fall within the capabilities and finance of the community.
Research was carried out on-farm
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算,以美元计算
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national): 80.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 20.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
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为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
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特定投入的补贴
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信用
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其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
土地使用者的劳动力为
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?
Stabilisation of dunes, greater vegetation on dunes.
该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题?
Farmers realised the simplicity of rehabilitation.
The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. Attitudes would change if government allowed ownership of land.
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
South Africa railways - lines which cut through dune systems
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
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Community participation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Greater responsibility to community)
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Healthy integration of Scientists & Community action (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Good communication (Scientists & Community))
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
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Slow recovery of natural resources
I don't think there is a way to increase reaction time in this area
参考文献
实施日期: Jan. 13, 2009
上次更新: June 18, 2017
资源人
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Andre F. Van Rooyen (andrevr@kimnet.co.za) - SLM专业人员
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Desmond Smith - SLM专业人员
文件编制者
机构
- Dept. of Agriculture, Northern Cape (Dept. of Agriculture, Northern Cape) - 南非
项目