SASOL community approach - for sand dams in Kitui (肯尼亚)

描述

Community based water resource development

Aims / objectives: Purpose is to harness the available water resource for common interests. Objective is to make water more accesible especially in the dry season.

Methods: Communities are mobilised through participation process. Local artisans are trained on the job wherease the community provide local materials and free labour voluntarily. Supporting NGOs facilitate the training and provide inputs eg cement, reinforcing bars, skilled labour. Community mobilisation is basic to SASOL's programme for water resource development. SASOL take advantage of existing structures and conforms to the government policy refferred to as District focus for Rural Development. Before communities can be mobilised, people, must be trained and SASOL has found that training can best be done at the local level. The role of the community is as follows: 1. To provide secondary data/information 2. Identify problems, resources and propose possible interventions or community action plan. 3. Election of a committee to take charge - custodial of all purchased materials. 4. Collection of local materials and provide labour. 5. Carry out impact assessment periodically

地点

地点: Eastern, 肯尼亚

选定地点的地理参考
  • 38.009, -1.37

启动日期: 1995

终止年份: 不适用

方法的类型
.
.

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (tree nursery establishment, health and hygiene concerns of the community. (Community Trainings))

to build sand dams in all streams in a 200km2 part of Central Division of Kitui District.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of water especially in dry seasonPoor water hygiene and general public health.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Lack of funds for cement Treatment through the SLM Approach: SASOL raises the funds
  • 机构设置: Lack of community organization to address the prevailing problems Treatment through the SLM Approach: participatory process to identify problems & solutions
  • 了解SLM，获得技术支持: Lack of trained artisans Treatment through the SLM Approach: training of artisans
  • 其他: roads and access to river valleys Treatment through the SLM Approach: improvement of roads

相关利益相关者的参与和角色

该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ 指定利益相关者 说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区 Community village group (water users' group). Working land users were mainly women (most of the men are working outside the district.) Existing groups of land users; Working land users were mainly women (most of the men are working outside the district.) More men working outside the district. More women engaged in the daily activities as they are availanle. Sub-locational development committees and self help groups are mobilised for a community training that follows the approach of a PRA. The community selects from 25 to 50 trainnees, both men and women.
国家政府（规划者、决策者）
国际组织 Kenyan political scientist in collaboration with a Netherland hydrogeologist and an environmental planner
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
无
被动
外部支持
互动
自我动员
启动/动机
Mainly:rapid/participatory rural appraisal; partly: workshops/seminars; PRA was carried out with the assistance of world neighbours
计划
Mainly: rapid/participatory rural appraisal; partly: public meetings; participatory planning exercise
实施
responsibility for major steps; collection of local materials labour water etc
监测/评估
measurements/observations; community observation and comments
Research
water hygiene analysis
流程图

有关SLM技术选择的决策

决策是由......做出的

  • 仅限土地使用者（自主）
  • 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
  • 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
  • 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
  • 仅限SLM专家
  • 政治家和领袖

决策是基于

  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
  • 研究结果
  • 个人经验和意见（无记录）

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
  • 土地使用者
  • 现场工作人员/顾问
  • teachers, school children/students
培训形式
  • 在职
  • 农民对农民
  • 示范区域
  • 公开会议
  • 课程
涵盖的主题

through PRA and on the job

咨询服务
已提供咨询服务
  • 在土地使用者的土地上
  • 在固定中心
Name of method used for advisory service: Workshop trainning; Key elements: non residential workshops, Educational tours and visits; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents 2) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: specifically hired project employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: SWC, Tree planting, water management

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; community resource persons trained to make it sustainable.
机构强化
机构已强化/建立
  • 否
  • 是，少许
  • 是，适度
  • 是，非常
在下述层面上
  • 本地
  • 区域
  • 国家
描述机构、角色和职责、成员等.
支持类型
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训
  • 设备
  • cooperative activity to solve water problem
进一步细节
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored technical aspects were regular monitored economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: construction of dam in one single phase as opposed to several phase due to difficulties In comminity mobilisation for subsequent phases. Commencement of construction from wing walls instead of the main structure. This is psycologically attractive to land users as they remain motivated to realise completion of the dam across the river/stream bed.

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (-): 50.0%; international non-government (-): 10.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 40.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
  • 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
  • 特定投入的补贴
  • 信用
  • 其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
Provision of purchased inputs like cement.
部分融资
充分融资
设备: 工具

Cement and reinforced bars

土地使用者的劳动力为

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响
否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？

more tree nurseries, more vegetable growing, more time for terracing etc instead of treking for water

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

other groups using water as an entry point for development e.g. catholic diocese

土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
  • 不适用
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
  • 否
  • 是
  • 不确定

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点
  • avail labour readily for demanding activities (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: engage groups in self help farm activities)
  • laggards are pulled along by innovators
  • communal identification of available resources and strngths
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
  • Participatory PRA creates awareness (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: through trainings)
  • empowers community (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: start income generating activities)
  • costs minimized through voluntary labour
  • self reliance strengthened
  • community empowered
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
  • materials are too expensive for them to afford local fund raising initiatives
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
  • impact on river flow needs to be studied

参考文献

编制者
  • Donald B. Thomas
Editors
审查者
  • Fabian Ottiger
实施日期: Jan. 20, 2009
上次更新: June 12, 2017
资源人
WOCAT数据库中的完整描述
链接的SLM数据
文件编制者
机构 项目
主要参考文献
  • Thomas, D.B. 1999'where there is no water.' A story of community water development & dand dams in Kitui District, Kenya:
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International