Rice farm as seen from near Salyansthan near Kirtipur

Typical newar style rice farming for productivity and soil conservation (by puddling). (尼泊尔)

nepali language :- Dhan ropai

描述

Typical Newari style rice farming ages long ,traditional and sustainable way of agriculture that is more focused on increasing rice production and maintaining field's productivity.

Aims / objectives: The main objective of the approach is to study how this indigenous method of rice cultivation is helping to increase rice yield and prevent the land from going barren. It is also centered to know about the involvement of various organizations like local government and INGOs in the process.

Methods: We followed the listed steps.
i)Site Visit
ii)interview with the local farmers
iii)question the labors
iv)literature review through books and intenet

Stages of implementation: i)land preparation
ii)crop preparation
iii)crop transplantation
iv)harvest

Role of stakeholders: Government:-More accessible and affordable and subsidies in budget
More initiative for the farmers in term of knowledge ,training and other technologies
Local administration :-Easy supply of machines,tools chemical fertilizer should be ensured

Other important information: Since it is an indigenous method for rice production,and were in practice for hundred of years, the recent racial mixture and introduction of newer method from terai has resulted into vast change in the methods and methodology of this newari method of typical rice production.

地点

地点: kathmandu, Nepal, 尼泊尔

选定地点的地理参考
  • 85.26819, 27.67228

启动日期: 不适用

终止年份: 不适用

方法的类型
Rice farm as seen from near Salyansthan near Kirtipur.

方法目标和有利环境

该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Productivity of rice crops)

To study the typical approach of rice farming and learn about the problems it is currently suffering.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low agriculture production due to change in monsoon pattern,decremented soil fertility due to excavation for brick industries and lack of modern techniques and methods to cope the problems.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
  • 社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Due to massive introduction of new methods of farming, the typical newari method has been altered. This has resulted into loss of expertise and indigenous knowledge that may cause some serious irreversible loss in Nepalese talenet. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government or other institutions should document the newari method of agriculture for future application.
  • 财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Farmers have difficulties to arrange fund in off season. Also sometime they need to burrow money at heavy interest. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government can provide interest free loan to farmers.
  • 法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: Conflicts among locals on resources like water due to extremely limited supply. Treatment through the SLM Approach: mutual cooperation and advance level of engineering to design water supply for irrigation in the field The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Community ownership meant no hindrance for development.
  • 了解SLM，获得技术支持: some efficient and new technology (genetically modified crop) and lack of advance equipment for agriculture Treatment through the SLM Approach: Administration and local authority should address this and inform farmers about the agricultural advancement through Agricultural Ministry.
  • 工作量、人力资源可用性: Since agriculture is tedious job, farmers are always lacking manpower to help themselves. Sometimes they are forced to hire expensive workers. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government and other institutions should help farmer to get technologies that can help them to decrease their work load.
  • 其他: Other constraints may include lack of younger generations interest in farming. Treatment through the SLM Approach: Better education in schools and establishment of agricultural universities may increase their interest.

相关利益相关者的参与和角色

该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ 指定利益相关者 说明利益相关者的角色
当地土地使用者/当地社区 Land owners in Kirtipur, Kathmandu Men are adopting other occupations like moving to middle east or other private job because of better and continuous income and profit. While younger generations are moving abroad for the similar reason. So, the female are mostly limited and focused in the cultivation of the crop. Both male and female is 20s and above 50s who are mostly economically disadvantaged.
SLM专家/农业顾问 Agrospecialist working on Ministry of Agriculture
教师/学龄儿童/学生 Developing importance of non toixic food production
NGO environmentalist belong to NGOs ,FAO
地方政府 Village Developmental Commitee
国家政府（规划者、决策者） Agrospecialist from Ministry of Agriculture and Forest.
The ancient newari tribe.
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
无
被动
外部支持
互动
自我动员
启动/动机
Specially promoted by organic business enterprise for exporting them as a better product.
计划
Everything is planned by the local community or the land owner.
实施
This method is still used by newari community of Nepal.
监测/评估
Negative impact from the fertilizer ,the need of organic food production is taking good speed for the better world.for this FAO and other local people are showing their activeness .
Research
For this approach very few research been done and need immediate documentation.
流程图

The flowchart shows the hierarchy of this approach. This methodology of rice production was handed over generation over generation. the newer generation learn from the older people from their community.

有关SLM技术选择的决策

决策是由......做出的

  • 仅限土地使用者（自主）
  • 主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
  • 所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
  • 主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
  • 仅限SLM专家
  • 政治家和领袖

决策是基于

  • 对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
  • 研究结果
  • 个人经验和意见（无记录）

技术支持、能力建设和知识管理

以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
机构强化
机构已强化/建立
  • 否
  • 是，少许
  • 是，适度
  • 是，非常
在下述层面上
  • 本地
  • 区域
  • 国家
描述机构、角色和职责、成员等.
支持类型
  • 财务
  • 能力建设/培训
  • 设备
进一步细节
Local governing bodies along with some INGOs and NGOs are always ready to help the farmers. Their helps include hybrid seed and occasional seeds.
监测和评估
socio-cultural aspects were monitored by land users through observations economic / production aspects were monitored by land users through observations
研究
研究涉及以下主题
  • 社会学
  • 经济/市场营销
  • 生态学
  • 技术

Small research was done by conducting interview with the land owners and going through literatures of the related topics.

Research was carried out on-farm

融资和外部物质支持

SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
  • < 2,000
  • 2,000-10,000
  • 10,000-100,000
  • 100,000-1,000,000
  • > 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Support from Nepalese government like seeds,fertilizer etc.): 4.0%; local community / land user(s) (Small support from INGOs like FAO,World Bank.): 95.0%; other: 1.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
  • 为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
  • 特定投入的补贴
  • 信用
  • 其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
部分融资
充分融资
设备: 机械

设备: 机械: 工具

土地使用者的劳动力为

影响分析和结论性陈述

方法的影响
否
是，很少
是，中等
是，支持力度很大
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？

This method of rice cultivation is in practice for hundred of years and its success clearly shows that it is effective in soil conservation.

该方法是否有助于社会和经济弱势群体？

There is no much improvement,though they some job opportunity to improve their life style.

该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？

There are no hindrance. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. The approach creates a effective framework that can be used in future.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Adopted by some native people of neighboring districts.

土地使用者实施SLM的主要动机
  • 增加生产
  • 增加利润（能力），提高成本效益比
  • 减少土地退化
  • 降低灾害风险
  • 减少工作量
  • 支付/补贴
  • 规章制度（罚款）/执行
  • 声望、社会压力/社会凝聚
  • 加入运动/项目/团体/网络
  • 环境意识
  • 习俗和信仰，道德
  • 提高SLM知识和技能
  • 美学改进
  • 冲突缓解
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
  • 否
  • 是
  • 不确定

Yes, we believe that the farmers can keep continuing the approach activities without support as it is very easy and indigenous method for farming.

结论和吸取的教训

长处: 土地使用者的观点
  • 1.It is easy method to apply and it increase the soil fertility rate .
    2. good quality of rice by the use of puddling process and organic fertilizer. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1. Repair the soil infertility.
    )
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
  • 1. It is traditional ,unique and indigenous technique.
    2.Its been good at yielding more productivity.
    3. It is helping soil from getting barren. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1.More facilities,subsidies,loan,etc for farmers.
    2.Introduction of innovative and new technologies.
    3.Teaching farmers the new and advanced knowledge.)
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
  • 1.Less effective due to lack of equipment and alternative backup plan.
    1. More research ,advise center for agriculture development should be provide by by the top level.
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
  • 1. It cannot be the ultimate way of addressing of per capita income.
    2. Many people are showing less interest.
    3.It results in relatively less earning and thus very less respected. 1.Change in attitude farming among people.
    2.More fund for the research should be allocated.
    3. More colleges specialized for agriculture should be established.

参考文献

编制者
  • Sabita Aryal
Editors
审查者
  • Fabian Ottiger
实施日期: Jan. 17, 2014
上次更新: July 8, 2017
资源人
WOCAT数据库中的完整描述
链接的SLM数据
文件编制者
机构 项目
主要参考文献
  • wikipedia/internet and article base on organic food(rice farming):
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International